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Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical and Photonic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2023) | Viewed by 28780

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Dirk Poelman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lumilab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
Interests: lighting, vision, and luminescence, displays; thin film optics; photocatalysis; medical imaging; structural characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Luminescent materials or phosphors have been studied for decades and were previously optimized for use in cathode ray tubes and fluorescent lamps. More recently, luminescent materials enjoyed a revived interest for lighting and display applications, as wavelength converters for blue LEDs. Nowadays, very good materials are available for these applications, and advances are mostly incremental.

However, thanks to these developments in materials research, new applications, requiring specific phosphor properties, have emerged, and a lot of research is still needed in many of these fields. Wavelength ranges have expanded towards UV and near-IR emission, highly performant persistent phosphors have been developed for safety illumination and bio-imaging, phosphors have been proposed for solar concentrator panels, for energy storage, photocatalysis, thermometry and dosimetry, and specific emission wavelength ranges are aimed for as wavelength converters for horticulture.

The aim of the present Special Issue is to give researchers the opportunity to present materials and applications beyond the "mainstream" white LED phosphors. Original research papers, as well as review papers, are welcomed for this issue.

Prof. Dirk Poelman
Guest Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • luminescence
  • nanomaterials
  • bio-imaging
  • thermometry
  • persistent luminescence
  • photocatalysis
  • solar concentrators
  • safety lighting
  • white LEDs
  • plant growth
  • displays
  • energy storage
  • optical batteries
  • dosimetry
  • upconversion

Published Papers (18 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 11389 KiB  
Article
Neodymium-Doped Gadolinium Compounds as Infrared Emitters for Multimodal Imaging
by Maxime Delaey, Seppe Van Bogaert, Ewoud Cosaert, Wout Mommen and Dirk Poelman
Materials 2023, 16(19), 6471; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16196471 - 29 Sep 2023
Viewed by 662
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the optical properties of multiple neodymium-doped gadolinium compounds as a means to examine their eligibility as optical probes for fluorescence imaging. GdVO4, GdPO4, GdAlO3, Gd2SiO5 and Gd3Ga [...] Read more.
This study aims to investigate the optical properties of multiple neodymium-doped gadolinium compounds as a means to examine their eligibility as optical probes for fluorescence imaging. GdVO4, GdPO4, GdAlO3, Gd2SiO5 and Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) samples were synthesized through solid-state reactions with varying neodymium doping levels to compare their optical properties in great detail. The optimal doping concentration was generally found to be approximately 2%. Furthermore, the luminescence lifetime, which is a valuable parameter for time-gated imaging, was determined to range from 276 down to 14 µs for the highest doping concentrations, resulting from energy transfer and migration assisted decay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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14 pages, 2880 KiB  
Article
Charge Transfer and Charge Trapping Processes in Ca- or Al-Co-doped Lu2SiO5 and Lu2Si2O7 Scintillators Activated by Pr3+ or Ce3+ Ions
by Valentyn Laguta, Lubomir Havlak, Vladimir Babin, Jan Barta, Jan Pejchal and Martin Nikl
Materials 2023, 16(12), 4488; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16124488 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 950
Abstract
Lutetium oxyorthosilicate Lu2SiO5 (LSO) and pyrosilicate Lu2Si2O7 (LPS) activated by Ce3+ or Pr3+ are known to be effective and fast scintillation materials for the detection of X-rays and γ-rays. Their performances can be [...] Read more.
Lutetium oxyorthosilicate Lu2SiO5 (LSO) and pyrosilicate Lu2Si2O7 (LPS) activated by Ce3+ or Pr3+ are known to be effective and fast scintillation materials for the detection of X-rays and γ-rays. Their performances can be further improved by co-doping with aliovalent ions. Herein, we investigate the Ce3+(Pr3+) → Ce4+(Pr4+) conversion and the formation of lattice defects stimulated by co-doping with Ca2+ and Al3+ in LSO and LPS powders prepared by the solid-state reaction process. The materials were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), radioluminescence spectroscopy, and thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL), and scintillation decays were measured. EPR measurements of both LSO:Ce and LPS:Ce showed effective Ce3+ → Ce4+ conversions stimulated by Ca2+ co-doping, while the effect of Al3+ co-doping was less effective. In Pr-doped LSO and LPS, a similar Pr3+ → Pr4+ conversion was not detected by EPR, suggesting that the charge compensation of Al3+ and Ca2+ ions is realized via other impurities and/or lattice defects. X-ray irradiation of LPS creates hole centers attributed to a hole trapped in an oxygen ion in the neighborhood of Al3+ and Ca2+. These hole centers contribute to an intense TSL glow peak at 450–470 K. In contrast to LPS, only weak TSL peaks are detected in LSO and no hole centers are visible via EPR. The scintillation decay curves of both LSO and LPS show a bi-exponential decay with fast and slow component decay times of 10–13 ns and 30–36 ns, respectively. The decay time of the fast component shows a small (6–8%) decrease due to co-doping. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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15 pages, 3522 KiB  
Article
The Optimization of Radiation Synthesis Modes for YAG:Ce Ceramics
by Victor Lisitsyn, Dossymkhan Mussakhanov, Aida Tulegenova, Ekaterina Kaneva, Liudmila Lisitsyna, Mikhail Golkovski and Amangeldy Zhunusbekov
Materials 2023, 16(8), 3158; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16083158 - 17 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 940
Abstract
Synthesis in the radiation field is a promising direction for the development of materials transformation processes, especially those differing in melting temperature. It has been established that the synthesis of yttrium–aluminum ceramics from yttrium oxides and aluminum metals in the region of a [...] Read more.
Synthesis in the radiation field is a promising direction for the development of materials transformation processes, especially those differing in melting temperature. It has been established that the synthesis of yttrium–aluminum ceramics from yttrium oxides and aluminum metals in the region of a powerful high-energy electron flux is realized in 1 s, without any manifestations that facilitate synthesis, with high productivity. It is assumed that the high rate and efficiency of synthesis are due to processes that are realized with the formation of radicals, short-lived defects formed during the decay of electronic excitations. This article presents descriptions of the energy-transferring processes of an electron stream with energies of 1.4, 2.0, and 2.5 MeV to the initial radiation (mixture) for the production of YAG:Ce ceramics. YAG:Ce (Y3Al5O12:Ce) ceramics samples in the field of electron flux of different energies and power densities were synthesized. The results of a study of the dependence of the morphology, crystal structure, and luminescence properties of the resulting ceramics on the synthesis modes, electron energy, and electron flux power are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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17 pages, 965 KiB  
Article
Addressing Current Challenges in OSL Dosimetry Using MgB4O7:Ce,Li: State of the Art, Limitations and Avenues of Research
by Lily Bossin, Igor Plokhikh, Jeppe Brage Christensen, Dariusz Jakub Gawryluk, Yuuki Kitagawa, Paul Leblans, Setsuhisa Tanabe, Dirk Vandenbroucke and Eduardo Gardenali Yukihara
Materials 2023, 16(8), 3051; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16083051 - 12 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1533
Abstract
The objective of this work is to review and assess the potential of MgB4O7:Ce,Li to fill in the gaps where the need for a new material for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry has been identified. We offer a [...] Read more.
The objective of this work is to review and assess the potential of MgB4O7:Ce,Li to fill in the gaps where the need for a new material for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry has been identified. We offer a critical assessment of the operational properties of MgB4O7:Ce,Li for OSL dosimetry, as reviewed in the literature and complemented by measurements of thermoluminescence spectroscopy, sensitivity, thermal stability, lifetime of the luminescence emission, dose response at high doses (>1000 Gy), fading and bleachability. Overall, compared with Al2O3:C, for example, MgB4O7:Ce,Li shows a comparable OSL signal intensity following exposure to ionizing radiation, a higher saturation limit (ca 7000 Gy) and a shorter luminescence lifetime (31.5 ns). MgB4O7:Ce,Li is, however, not yet an optimum material for OSL dosimetry, as it exhibits anomalous fading and shallow traps. Further optimization is therefore needed, and possible avenues of investigation encompass gaining a better understanding of the roles of the synthesis route and dopants and of the nature of defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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17 pages, 10932 KiB  
Article
Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Properties of MWNTs Decorated with Fe-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles
by Adriana Popa, Maria Stefan, Sergiu Macavei, Laura Elena Muresan, Cristian Leostean, Cornelia Veronica Floare-Avram and Dana Toloman
Materials 2023, 16(7), 2858; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16072858 - 03 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1608
Abstract
The present work reports the photoluminescence (PL) and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles. MWCNT:ZnO-Fe nanocomposite samples with weight ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:10 were prepared using a facile synthesis method. The obtained crystalline phases were [...] Read more.
The present work reports the photoluminescence (PL) and photocatalytic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles. MWCNT:ZnO-Fe nanocomposite samples with weight ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:10 were prepared using a facile synthesis method. The obtained crystalline phases were evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of both 2+ and 3+ valence states of Fe ions in a ratio of approximately 0.5. The electron paramagnetic resonance EPR spectroscopy sustained the presence of Fe3+ ions in the ZnO lattice and evidenced oxygen vacancies. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the attachment and distribution of Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles along the nanotubes with a star-like shape. All of the samples exhibited absorption in the UV region, and the absorption edge was shifted toward a higher wavelength after the addition of MWCNT component. The photoluminescence emission spectra showed peaks in the UV and visible region. Visible emissions are a result of the presence of defects or impurity states in the material. All of the samples showed photocatalytic activity against the Rhodamine B (RhB) synthetic solution under UV irradiation. The best performance was obtained using the MWCNT:ZnO-Fe(1:5) nanocomposite samples, which exhibited a 96% degradation efficiency. The mechanism of photocatalytic activity was explained based on the reactive oxygen species generated by the nanocomposites under UV irradiation in correlation with the structural and optical information obtained in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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18 pages, 1885 KiB  
Article
Thermally Assisted Optically Stimulated Luminescence (TA-OSL) from Commercial BeO Dosimeters
by Georgios S. Polymeris
Materials 2023, 16(4), 1494; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16041494 - 10 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1173
Abstract
BeO is another luminescent phosphor with very deep traps (VDTs) in its matrix that could not be stimulated using either thermal or conventional optical stimulations. The present study attempts to stimulate these traps using thermally assisted optically stimulated luminescence (TA-OSL), a combination of [...] Read more.
BeO is another luminescent phosphor with very deep traps (VDTs) in its matrix that could not be stimulated using either thermal or conventional optical stimulations. The present study attempts to stimulate these traps using thermally assisted optically stimulated luminescence (TA-OSL), a combination of simultaneous thermal and optical stimulation that is applied to the material following a thermoluminescence measurement up to 500 °C. An intense, peak-shaped TA-OSL signal is measured throughout the entire temperature range between room temperature and 270 °C. This signal can be explained as the transfer of charges from VDTs to both dosimetric TL traps. Experimental features such as the peaked shape of the signal along with the presence of residual TL after the TA-OSL suggest that recombination of TA-OSL takes place via the conduction band. Isothermal TA-OSL is not effective for extending the maximum detection dose thresholds of BeO, unlike minerals such as quartz and aluminum oxide. Nevertheless, TA-OSL could be effectively used in order to either (a) control the occupancy of VDTs, circumventing the intense sensitivity changes induced by long-term uses and high accumulated dose to the VDTs, or (b) measure the total dose accumulated over a series of repetitive dose calculations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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15 pages, 3009 KiB  
Article
ZGSO Spinel Nanoparticles with Dual Emission of NIR Persistent Luminescence for Anti-Counterfeiting Applications
by Guanyu Cai, Teresa Delgado, Cyrille Richard and Bruno Viana
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1132; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16031132 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2224
Abstract
The property of persistent luminescence shows great potential for anti-counterfeiting technology and imaging by taking advantage of a background-free signal. Current anti-counterfeiting technologies face the challenge of low security and the inconvenience of being limited to visible light emission, as emitters in the [...] Read more.
The property of persistent luminescence shows great potential for anti-counterfeiting technology and imaging by taking advantage of a background-free signal. Current anti-counterfeiting technologies face the challenge of low security and the inconvenience of being limited to visible light emission, as emitters in the NIR optical windows are required for such applications. Here, we report the preparation of a series of Zn1+xGa2−2xSnxO4 nanoparticles (ZGSO NPs) with persistent luminescence in the first and second near-infrared window to overcome these challenges. ZGSO NPs, doped with transition-metal (Cr3+ and/or Ni2+) and in some cases co-doped with rare-earth (Er3+) ions, were successfully prepared using an improved solid-state method with a subsequent milling process to reach sub-200 nm size particles. X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy were used for the analysis of the structure and local crystal field around the dopant ions at different Sn4+/Ga3+ ratios. The size of the NPs was ~150 nm, measured by DLS. Doped ZGSO NPs exhibited intense photoluminescence in the range from red, NIR-I to NIR-II, and even NIR-III, under UV radiation, and showed persistent luminescence at 700 nm (NIR-I) and 1300 nm (NIR-II) after excitation removal. Hence, these NPs were evaluated for multi-level anti-counterfeiting technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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11 pages, 1656 KiB  
Article
Express Synthesis of YAG:Ce Ceramics in the High-Energy Electrons Flow Field
by Victor Lisitsyn, Aida Tulegenova, Ekaterina Kaneva, Dossymkhan Mussakhanov and Boris Gritsenko
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1057; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16031057 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1244
Abstract
YAG:Ce ceramics by the direct action of an electron beam with 1.4 MeV energy were synthesized on a mixture of a stoichiometric composition of Y, Al, and Ce oxides without adding any substances to facilitate the process. The synthesis is realized in a [...] Read more.
YAG:Ce ceramics by the direct action of an electron beam with 1.4 MeV energy were synthesized on a mixture of a stoichiometric composition of Y, Al, and Ce oxides without adding any substances to facilitate the process. The synthesis is realized in a time less than 1 s. The main structural phase of the obtained ceramics is YAG and YAP can be additional. The luminescence characteristics of the synthesized samples, the excitation, luminescence, decay time, and pulsed cathodoluminescence spectra, are similar to those known for YAG:Ce phosphors. The conversion efficiency of the excitation energy into the luminescence of the samples reaches 60–70% of those used for the manufacture of LED phosphors. The set of processes that determine the rate and efficiency of radiation synthesis differs from those occurring during thermal methods by the existence of a high degree of the initial compositions’ ionization under the influence of a radiation flux and a high probability of the decay of electronic excitations into short-lived radiolysis products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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16 pages, 597 KiB  
Article
On the Need for Deconvolution Analysis of Experimental and Simulated Thermoluminescence Glow Curves
by George Kitis and Vasilis Pagonis
Materials 2023, 16(2), 871; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16020871 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1098
Abstract
Simulation studies of thermoluminescence (TL) and other stimulated luminescence phenomena are a rapidly growing area of research. The presence of competition effects between luminescence pathways leads to the complex nature of luminescence signals, and therefore, it is necessary to investigate and validate the [...] Read more.
Simulation studies of thermoluminescence (TL) and other stimulated luminescence phenomena are a rapidly growing area of research. The presence of competition effects between luminescence pathways leads to the complex nature of luminescence signals, and therefore, it is necessary to investigate and validate the various methods of signal analysis by using simulations. The present study shows that in simulations of luminescence signals originating from multilevel phenomenological models, it is not possible to extract mathematically the individual information for each peak in the signal. It is further shown that computerized curve deconvolution analysis is the only reliable tool for extracting the various kinetic parameters. Simulation studies aim to explain experimental results, and therefore, it is necessary to validate simulation results by comparing with experiments. In this paper, testing of simulation results is performed using two methods. In the first method, the influence of competition effects is tested by comparing the input model parameters with the output values from the deconvolution analysis. In the second method, the agreement with experimental results is tested using the properties of well-known glow peaks with very high repeatability among TL laboratories, such as the 110 °C glow peak of quartz. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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12 pages, 1215 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Glass Structure on the Luminescence Spectra of Sm3+-Doped Aluminosilicate Glasses
by Andreas Herrmann, Mohamed Zekri, Ramzi Maalej and Christian Rüssel
Materials 2023, 16(2), 564; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16020564 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1312
Abstract
Peralkaline Sm3+-doped aluminosilicate glasses with different network modifier ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Zn2+) were investigated to clarify the effect of glass composition and glass structure on the optical properties of [...] Read more.
Peralkaline Sm3+-doped aluminosilicate glasses with different network modifier ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Zn2+) were investigated to clarify the effect of glass composition and glass structure on the optical properties of the doped Sm3+ ions. For this purpose, the Sm3+ luminescence emission spectra were correlated with the molecular structure of the glasses derived by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The different network modifier ions have a clear and systematic effect on the peak area ratio of the Sm3+ emission peaks which correlates with the average rare earth site symmetry in the glasses. The highest site symmetry is found for the calcium aluminosilicate glass. Glasses with network modifier ions of lower and higher ionic radii show a notably lower average site symmetry. The symmetry could be correlated to the rare earth coordination number with oxygen atoms derived by MD simulations. A coordination number of 6 seems to offer the highest average site symmetry. Higher rare earth coordination probabilities with non-bridging oxygen result in an increased splitting of the emission peaks and a notable broadening of the peaks. The zinc containing glass seems to play a special role. The Zn2+ ions notably modify the glass structure and especially the rare earth coordination in comparison to the other network modifier ions in the other investigated glasses. The knowledge on how glass structure affects the optical properties of doped rare earth ions can be used to tailor the rare earth absorption and emission spectra for specific applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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14 pages, 6103 KiB  
Article
Manganese Luminescent Centers of Different Valence in Yttrium Aluminum Borate Crystals
by Anastasiia Molchanova, Kirill Boldyrev, Nikolai Kuzmin, Alexey Veligzhanin, Kirill Khaydukov, Evgeniy Khaydukov, Oleg Kondratev, Irina Gudim, Elizaveta Mikliaeva and Marina Popova
Materials 2023, 16(2), 537; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16020537 - 05 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1285
Abstract
We present an extensive study of the luminescence characteristics of Mn impurity ions in a YAl3(BO3)4:Mn crystal, in combination with X-ray fluorescence analysis and determination of the valence state of Mn by XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) [...] Read more.
We present an extensive study of the luminescence characteristics of Mn impurity ions in a YAl3(BO3)4:Mn crystal, in combination with X-ray fluorescence analysis and determination of the valence state of Mn by XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) spectroscopy. The valences of manganese Mn2+(d5) and Mn3+(d4) were determined by the XANES and high-resolution optical spectroscopy methods shown to be complementary. We observe the R1 and R2 luminescence and absorption lines characteristic of the 2E ↔ 4A2 transitions in d3 ions (such as Mn4+ and Cr3+) and show that they arise due to uncontrolled admixture of Cr3+ ions. A broad luminescent band in the green part of the spectrum is attributed to transitions in Mn2+. Narrow zero-phonon infrared luminescence lines near 1060 nm (9400 cm−1) and 760 nm (13,160 cm−1) are associated with spin-forbidden transitions in Mn3+: 1T2 → 3T1 (between excited triplets) and 1T2 → 5E (to the ground state). Spin-allowed 5T2 → 5E Mn3+ transitions show up as a broad band in the orange region of the spectrum. Using the data of optical spectroscopy and Tanabe–Sugano diagrams we estimated the crystal-field parameter Dq and Racah parameter B for Mn3+ in YAB:Mn as Dq = 1785 cm−1 and B = 800 cm−1. Our work can serve as a basis for further study of YAB:Mn for the purposes of luminescent thermometry, as well as other applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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15 pages, 3288 KiB  
Article
Trap Parameters for the Fast OSL Signal Component Obtained through Analytical Separation for Various Quartz Samples
by Magdalena Biernacka, Alida Timar-Gabor, Zuzanna Kabacińska, Piotr Palczewski and Alicja Chruścińska
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8682; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15238682 - 06 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1179
Abstract
Trap stability is essential in luminescence dating and thermochronometry. Trap depth and frequency factors determining the stability of the fast component of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) in quartz, which is the most important in dating, have yet to be uniquely determined, especially for [...] Read more.
Trap stability is essential in luminescence dating and thermochronometry. Trap depth and frequency factors determining the stability of the fast component of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) in quartz, which is the most important in dating, have yet to be uniquely determined, especially for samples with an OSL signal not dominated by this component. One can determine them in OSL thermal depletion curve (OTDC) experiments. The separation of the fast OSL signal undisturbed by other OSL components is vital for obtaining accurate parameters for the traps of interest. This work presents a method of simultaneous thermal and optical stimulation using red light (620 nm) to separate the fast OSL component (the thermally modulated OSL method—TM-OSL). The OTDC experiment with the TM-OSL stimulation was used for the trap parameter determination on a variety of quartz samples, leading us to report for the first time, the trap parameters for the fast OSL component analytically separated in quartz from rock samples. The results obtained for these samples with the fast component of low intensity are consistent with those with an intensive fast OSL component. Results of OTDC measurements for all investigated quartz samples were tested for a wide range of irradiation doses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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16 pages, 2162 KiB  
Article
Derivatives of Imidazole and Carbazole as Bifunctional Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
by Oleksandr Bezvikonnyi, Ronit Sebastine Bernard, Viktorija Andruleviciene, Dmytro Volyniuk, Rasa Keruckiene, Kamile Vaiciulaityte, Linas Labanauskas and Juozas Vidas Grazulevicius
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8495; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15238495 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1430
Abstract
New derivatives of carbazole and diphenyl imidazole for potential multiple applications were synthesized and investigated. Their properties were studied by thermal, optical, photophysical, electrochemical, and photoelectrical measurements. The compounds exhibited relatively narrow blue light-emission bands, which is favorable for deep-blue electroluminescent devices. The [...] Read more.
New derivatives of carbazole and diphenyl imidazole for potential multiple applications were synthesized and investigated. Their properties were studied by thermal, optical, photophysical, electrochemical, and photoelectrical measurements. The compounds exhibited relatively narrow blue light-emission bands, which is favorable for deep-blue electroluminescent devices. The synthesized derivatives of imidazole and carbazole were tested as fluorescent emitters for OLEDs. The device showed deep-blue emissions with CIE color coordinates of (0.16, 0.08) and maximum quantum efficiency of 1.1%. The compounds demonstrated high triplet energy values above 3.0 eV and hole drift mobility exceeding 10−4 cm2/V·s at high electric fields. One of the compounds having two diphenyl imidazole moieties and tert-butyl-substituted carbazolyl groups showed bipolar charge transport with electron drift mobility reaching 10−4 cm2/V·s at electric field of 8 × 105 V/cm. The synthesized compounds were investigated as hosts for green, red and sky-blue phosphorescent OLEDs. The green-, red- and sky-blue-emitting devices demonstrated maximum quantum efficiencies of 8.3%, 6.4% and 7.6%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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10 pages, 3133 KiB  
Article
Efficient Sensitized Photoluminescence from Erbium Chloride Silicate via Interparticle Energy Transfer
by Hao Shen, Huabao Shang, Yuhan Gao, Deren Yang and Dongsheng Li
Materials 2022, 15(3), 1093; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15031093 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2164
Abstract
In this study, we prepare Erbium compound nanocrystals and Si nanocrystal (Si NC) co-embedded silica film by the sol-gel method. Dual phases of Si and Er chloride silicate (ECS) nanocrystals were coprecipitated within amorphous silica. Effective sensitized emission of Er chloride silicate nanocrystals [...] Read more.
In this study, we prepare Erbium compound nanocrystals and Si nanocrystal (Si NC) co-embedded silica film by the sol-gel method. Dual phases of Si and Er chloride silicate (ECS) nanocrystals were coprecipitated within amorphous silica. Effective sensitized emission of Er chloride silicate nanocrystals was realized via interparticle energy transfer between silicon nanocrystal and Er chloride silicate nanocrystals. The influence of density and the distribution of sensitizers and Er compounds on interparticle energy transfer efficiency was discussed. The interparticle energy transfer between the semiconductor and erbium compound nanocrystals offers some important insights into the realization of efficient light emission for silicon-based integrated photonics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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7 pages, 2968 KiB  
Article
Study of Spectrally Resolved Thermoluminescence in Tsarev and Chelyabinsk Chondrites with a Versatile High-Sensitive Setup
by Alexander Vokhmintsev, Ahmed Henaish, Taher Sharshar, Osama Hemeda and Ilya Weinstein
Materials 2021, 14(21), 6518; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14216518 - 29 Oct 2021
Viewed by 1143
Abstract
Thermoluminescence (TL) research provides a powerful tool for characterizing radiation-induced processes in extraterrestrial matter. One of the challenges in studying the spectral features of the natural TL of stony meteorites is its weak intensity. The present work showcases the capabilities of a high-sensitive [...] Read more.
Thermoluminescence (TL) research provides a powerful tool for characterizing radiation-induced processes in extraterrestrial matter. One of the challenges in studying the spectral features of the natural TL of stony meteorites is its weak intensity. The present work showcases the capabilities of a high-sensitive original module for measuring the spectrally resolved TL characteristics of the Chelyabinsk and Tsarev chondrites. We have analyzed the emission spectra and glow curves of natural and induced TL over the 300–650 nm and RT–873 K ranges. A quasi-continuous distribution of traps active within the 350–650 K range was found in the silicate substructure of both meteorites under study. Based on the general order kinetic formalism and using the natural TL data, we also estimated the activation energies of EA = 0.86 and 1.08 eV for the Chelyabinsk and Tsarev chondrites, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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19 pages, 3573 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Structure-Sensitivity Factors on Thermographic Properties of Dy3+-Doped Oxide Crystals
by Radosław Lisiecki, Jarosław Komar, Bogusław Macalik, Michał Głowacki, Marek Berkowski and Witold Ryba-Romanowski
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2370; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14092370 - 02 May 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 1613
Abstract
Optical absorption spectra and luminescence spectra were recorded as a function of temperature between 295 K and 800 K for single crystal samples of Gd2SiO5:Dy3+, Lu2SiO5:Dy3+, LiNbO3:Dy3+, [...] Read more.
Optical absorption spectra and luminescence spectra were recorded as a function of temperature between 295 K and 800 K for single crystal samples of Gd2SiO5:Dy3+, Lu2SiO5:Dy3+, LiNbO3:Dy3+, and Gd3Ga3Al2O12:Dy3+ fabricated by the Czochralski method and of YAl3(BO3)4:Dy3+ fabricated by the top-seeded high temperature solution method. A thermally induced change of fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) between the 4I15/2→ 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 emission bands of Dy3+ was inferred from experimental data. It was found that relative thermal sensitivities SR at 350 K are higher for YAl3(BO3)4:Dy3+ and Lu2SiO5:Dy3+than those for the remaining systems studied. Based on detailed examination of the structural peculiarities of the crystals it was ascertained that the observed difference between thermosensitive features cannot be attributed directly to the dissimilarity of structural factors consisting of the geometry and symmetry of Dy3+ sites, the number of non-equivalent Dy3+ sites, and the host anisotropy. Instead, it was found that a meaningful correlation between relative thermal sensitivity SR and rates of radiative transitions of Dy3+ inferred from the Judd–Ofelt treatment exists. It was concluded that generalization based on the Judd–Ofelt parameters and luminescence branching ratio analysis may be useful during a preliminary assessment of thermosensitive properties of new phosphor materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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10 pages, 3136 KiB  
Article
Red Y2O3:Eu-Based Electroluminescent Device Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition for Transparent Display Applications
by José Rosa, Mikko J. Heikkilä, Mika Sirkiä and Saoussen Merdes
Materials 2021, 14(6), 1505; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14061505 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3043
Abstract
Y2O3:Eu is a promising red-emitting phosphor owing to its high luminance efficiency, chemical stability, and non-toxicity. Although Y2O3:Eu thin films can be prepared by various deposition methods, most of them require high processing temperatures in [...] Read more.
Y2O3:Eu is a promising red-emitting phosphor owing to its high luminance efficiency, chemical stability, and non-toxicity. Although Y2O3:Eu thin films can be prepared by various deposition methods, most of them require high processing temperatures in order to obtain a crystalline structure. In this work, we report on the fabrication of red Y2O3:Eu thin film phosphors and multilayer structure Y2O3:Eu-based electroluminescent devices by atomic layer deposition at 300 °C. The structural and optical properties of the phosphor films were investigated using X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements, respectively, whereas the performance of the fabricated device was evaluated using electroluminescence measurements. X-ray diffraction measurements show a polycrystalline structure of the films whereas photoluminescence shows emission above 570 nm. Red electroluminescent devices with a luminance up to 40 cd/m2 at a driving frequency of 1 kHz and an efficiency of 0.28 Lm/W were achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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Review

Jump to: Research

16 pages, 477 KiB  
Review
UV-A,B,C Emitting Persistent Luminescent Materials
by Suchinder K. Sharma, Jinu James, Shailendra Kumar Gupta and Shamima Hussain
Materials 2023, 16(1), 236; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16010236 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2398
Abstract
The nearly dormant field of persistent luminescence has gained fresh impetus after the discovery of strontium aluminate persistent luminescence phosphor in 1996. Several efforts have been put in to prepare efficient, long decay, persistent luminescent materials which can be used for different applications. [...] Read more.
The nearly dormant field of persistent luminescence has gained fresh impetus after the discovery of strontium aluminate persistent luminescence phosphor in 1996. Several efforts have been put in to prepare efficient, long decay, persistent luminescent materials which can be used for different applications. The most explored among all are the materials which emit in the visible wavelength region, 400–650 nm, of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, since 2014, the wavelength range is extended further above 650 nm for biological applications due to easily distinguishable signal between luminescent probe and the auto-fluorescence. Recently, UV-emitting persistent materials have gained interest among researchers’ due to their possible application in information storage, phototherapy and photocatalysis. In the present review, we summarize these recent developments on the UV-emitting persistent luminescent materials to motivate young minds working in the field of luminescent materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Luminescent Materials and Devices)
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