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Advances in Mechanical Alloying and Milling
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Advances in Mechanical Alloying and Milling

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 8932

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Meiqing Zeng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: mechanical alloying; ball milling; nanocrystalline powders; amorphous alloy; high entropy alloy; mechanochemistry; supersaturated solid–solution; thermodynamic analysis; plasma assisted ball milling
Dr. Zhongchen Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: mechanical alloying; ball milling; nanocrystalline powders; amorphous alloy; high entropy alloy; mechanochemistry; supersaturated solid–solution; thermodynamic analysis; plasma assisted ball milling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mechanical alloying is a solid-state powder processing technique involving repeated welding, fracturing, and rewelding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill. It has been confirmed to be a successful method for the fabrication of a variety of materials, including amorphous alloy powders, nanocrystalline powders, intermetallic powders, composite and nanocomposite powders, and nanopowders. In addition to nanoscale processing, the brute-force employment of mechanical milling has been proven to be one of the most promising and rapidly developing methods to synthesize extended solid solubility even in immiscible systems. Meanwhile, mechanical energy at room temperatures can also induce unusual chemical reactions, which is referred to as mechanochemistry. This is attracting increased attention because it is a solution-free, energy saving, high-productivity, and low-temperature process. To enhance the ball milling efficiency, other supplementary energy by applying external fields such as supersonic, magnetic, electric, and temperature fields can be induced simultaneously with the mechanical milling procedure. For example, a new material processing method—dielectric barrier discharge plasma-assisted milling—was developed by creating non-equilibrium plasma conditions in a ball mill chamber.

In this Special Issue, recent advanced ball milling methods and nanocrystalline preparation processes in these areas, as well as mechanochemical materials synthesis, will be highlighted and discussed. It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are welcome.

Prof. Meiqing Zeng
Dr. Zhongchen Lu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mechanical alloying 
  • Ball milling 
  • Nanocrystalline powders 
  • Amorphous alloy 
  • High-entropy alloy 
  • Mechanochemistry 
  • Supersaturated solid solution 
  • Thermodynamic analysis 
  • Plasma-assisted ball milling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 22557 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Optimization of the Milling Performance of an Industry-Scale VSM via Numerical Simulations
by Chengguang Tong, Zuobing Chen, Chang Liu and Qiang Xie
Materials 2023, 16(13), 4712; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16134712 - 29 Jun 2023
Viewed by 768
Abstract
Vertical stirred mills (VSM) are widely used for powder processing in many situations like mechanical alloying preparation and raw material crushing and shaping. Many structural and operational parameters like stirrer helix angle and rotating speed have great significance on VSM performance, especially in [...] Read more.
Vertical stirred mills (VSM) are widely used for powder processing in many situations like mechanical alloying preparation and raw material crushing and shaping. Many structural and operational parameters like stirrer helix angle and rotating speed have great significance on VSM performance, especially in a large industry-scale situation. Therefore, it becomes essential to investigate these parameters systematically to obtain high energy efficiency and good product quality. In this work, the discrete element method (DEM) was used to examine the effects of stirrer helix angle (α), stirrer diameter (d), and rotating speed (n) on the grinding performance in an industrial VSM, and then the response surface method (RSM) was employed for multi-objective optimization in the VSM. It is found that a media vortex phenomenon may happen near the stirring shaft. The media collisions are significantly influenced by α, d, and n. Through multi-objective optimization design (MOD), the power consumption (P) of the stirrer reduced by 8.09%. The media collision energy (E) increased by 9.53%. The energy conversion rate (R) rises by 20.70%. The collision intensity and frequency are both improved. This optimization method can help determine good operating parameters based on certain structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mechanical Alloying and Milling)
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11 pages, 4578 KiB  
Article
Biomass Straw-Derived Porous Carbon Synthesized for Supercapacitor by Ball Milling
by Bixia Jiang, Lin Cao, Qinghua Yuan, Zhuwen Ma, Zhenrui Huang, Zhidan Lin and Peng Zhang
Materials 2022, 15(3), 924; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15030924 - 25 Jan 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3203
Abstract
A large amount of biomass straw waste is generated every year in the world, which can cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste if disposed of improperly. At present, biomass-derived porous carbon materials prepared from biomass waste as a carbon source have garnered [...] Read more.
A large amount of biomass straw waste is generated every year in the world, which can cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste if disposed of improperly. At present, biomass-derived porous carbon materials prepared from biomass waste as a carbon source have garnered attention due to their renewability, huge reserves, low cost, and environmental benevolence. In this work, high-performance carbon materials were prepared via a one-step carbonization-activation method and ball milling, with waste tobacco straw as precursor and nano-ZnO as template and activator. The specific surface area and porous structure of biomass-derived carbon could be controlled by carbonization temperature, which is closely related to the electrochemical performances of the carbon material. It was found that, when the carbonization temperature was 800 °C, the biochar possesses maximum specific surface area (1293.2 m2·g−1) and exhibits high capacitance of 220.7 F·g−1, at 1 A·g−1 current density in a three-electrode configuration with 6 M KOH aqueous solution. The capacitance retention maintained about 94.83% at 5 A·g−1 after 3000 cycles. This work proves the porous biochar derived from tobacco straws has a great potential prospect in the field of supercapacitors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mechanical Alloying and Milling)
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13 pages, 2946 KiB  
Article
Tailoring Compressive Strength and Absorption Energy of Lightweight Multi-Phase AlCuSiFeX (X = Cr, Mn, Zn, Sn) High-Entropy Alloys Processed via Powder Metallurgy
by Ashutosh Sharma, Hansung Lee and Byungmin Ahn
Materials 2021, 14(17), 4945; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14174945 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1889
Abstract
The development of lightweight HEAs with high strength and low cost is an urgent requirement. In this study, equimolar AlCuSiFeX (X = Cr, Mn, Zn, Sn) lightweight HEAs were fabricated by advanced powder metallurgy. The mechanical alloying was performed for 45 h, and [...] Read more.
The development of lightweight HEAs with high strength and low cost is an urgent requirement. In this study, equimolar AlCuSiFeX (X = Cr, Mn, Zn, Sn) lightweight HEAs were fabricated by advanced powder metallurgy. The mechanical alloying was performed for 45 h, and the powder compacts were densified at 650 °C. The final results revealed that AlCuSiFeSn lightweight HEA was composed of a single face-centered cubic (FCC) and Cu81Sn22, whereas AlCuSiFeZn showed a dual FCC and body-centered cubic (BCC) structures. Similarly, AlCuSiFeMn alloy contained a BCC + FCC phase with a µ-phase, whereas a σ-phase was present in AlCuSiFeCr in addition to FCC + BCC phases. We also calculated various thermodynamic parameters to predict the solid-solution phase stability of each of the above lightweight HEAs. It was found that lightweight HEAs with additive elements Sn and Zn tend to predominant FCC phases, whereas those with Cr and Mn result in major BCC with hard µ and σ phases, which further improve their mechanical strength. A maximum fracture strain of 23% was obtained for AlCuSiFeSn followed by 19% for AlCuSiFeZn HEA. The compressive fracture mechanisms of these lightweight HEAs are also discussed and reported here. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mechanical Alloying and Milling)
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13 pages, 4138 KiB  
Article
Research on High-Value Utilization of Carbon Derived from Tobacco Waste in Supercapacitors
by Zhenrui Huang, Caiyun Qin, Jun Wang, Lin Cao, Zhuwen Ma, Qinghua Yuan, Zhidan Lin and Peng Zhang
Materials 2021, 14(7), 1714; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14071714 - 31 Mar 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 2266
Abstract
Large quantities of tobacco stalks residues are generated and discarded as crop waste or combusted directly every year. Thus, we need to find an appropriate way to dispose of this type of waste and recycle it. The conversion of biomass waste into electrode [...] Read more.
Large quantities of tobacco stalks residues are generated and discarded as crop waste or combusted directly every year. Thus, we need to find an appropriate way to dispose of this type of waste and recycle it. The conversion of biomass waste into electrode materials for supercapacitors is entirely in line with the concept of sustainability and green. In this paper, tobacco-stalk-based, porous activated carbon (TC) was successfully synthesized by high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal pre-carbonization and KOH activation. The synthesized TC had a high pore volume and a large surface area of 1875.5 m2 g−1, in which there were many mesopores and interconnected micro-/macropores. The electrochemical test demonstrated that TC-1 could reach a high specific capacitance of up to 356.4 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, which was carried in 6M KOH. Additionally, a symmetrical supercapacitor device was fabricated by using TC-1 as the electrode, which delivered a high energy density up to 10.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 300 W kg−1, and excellent long-term cycling stability (92.8% of the initial capacitance retention rate after 5000 cycles). Therefore, TC-1 is considered to be a promising candidate for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials and is a good choice for converting tobacco biomass waste into a resource. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mechanical Alloying and Milling)
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