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Recent Progresses in Thermoelectric Materials
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Recent Progresses in Thermoelectric Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2024) | Viewed by 11654

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hsin-Jay Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
Interests: thermoelectric material; green energy material; phase diagram; material analysis
Dr. Kesavan Manibalan

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
Interests: thermoelectric materials; organic synthesis; electrochemical sensor; microfluidics; Li-ion battery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pursuits in technology development and environmental sustainability have driven research trends in opposite directions until the blossoming of green energies, which satisfy the aims of both. Thermoelectric (TE) materials, which enable the conversion of thermal energy into electricity, are specialized in waste-heat recovery using a thermoelectric generator (TEG), or spot-cooling via a thermoelectric refrigerator. Both applications help ease the burden of the growing energy shortage issue and protect our earth by reducing heat emissions, making the TE technology green and sustainable. Like all green energies, the conversion efficiency for a TE material matters most and is governed by a dimensionless figure-of-merit zT = (S2σκ-1) T, in which case the S, σ, κ refers to the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. After decades of efforts, numerous well-established alloys for TE generators and TE coolers have been reported alongside the breakthroughs in either their zT values or conversion efficiency when resembling a TE module. This Special Issue addresses the recent progress and innovative findings in thermoelectric materials and thermoelectric modules.

Dr. Hsin-Jay Wu
Dr. Kesavan Manibalan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green energy
  • thermoelectric materials
  • thermoelectric modules
  • thermal conductivity
  • electrical conductivity

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2842 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Room-Temperature Thermoelectric Performance of 2D-SnSe Alloys via Electric-Current-Assisted Sintering
by Kesavan Manibalan, Meng-Yuan Ho, You-Cheng Du, Hung-Wei Chen and Hsin-Jay Wu
Materials 2023, 16(2), 509; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16020509 - 05 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1534
Abstract
Single-crystalline tin-selenide (SnSe) has emerged as a high-performance and eco-friendly alternative to the lead-chalcogens often used in mid-temperature thermoelectric (TE) generators. At high temperature >800 K, the phase transition from Pnma to Cmcm causes a significant rise in the TE figure-of-merit (zT [...] Read more.
Single-crystalline tin-selenide (SnSe) has emerged as a high-performance and eco-friendly alternative to the lead-chalcogens often used in mid-temperature thermoelectric (TE) generators. At high temperature >800 K, the phase transition from Pnma to Cmcm causes a significant rise in the TE figure-of-merit (zT) curve. Conversely, the SnSe TE requires a booster at low temperatures, which allows broader applicability from a device perspective. Herein, a synergy of Cu alloy and Ag-coating is realized through a sequential multi-step synthesis, designed to combine different metal deposition effects. Single-crystalline (Cu2Se)x(SnSe)1−x alloys grown by the Bridgman method were then coated with a thin Ag layer by radio frequency (RF) sputtering, and the interlayer epitaxial film was observed via electric-current assisted sintering (ECAS). Consequently, the thin Ag-coating improves the electrical conductivity (σ) and reduces the thermal conductivity (κ) for (Cu2Se)0.005(SnSe)0.995+Ag alloy, increasing the zT curve at close to room temperature (373 K). The incorporation of multistep addition by ECAS enables tuning of the overall solubility of the alloy, which opens a new avenue to optimize TE performance in anisotropic 2D materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progresses in Thermoelectric Materials)
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11 pages, 3480 KiB  
Article
Quasi-2D SnO2 Thin Films for Gas Sensors: Chemoresistive Response and Temperature Effect on Adsorption of Analytes
by Alexander A. Petrunin and Olga E. Glukhova
Materials 2023, 16(1), 438; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16010438 - 03 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1428
Abstract
We performed in silico calculations of electrical conductivity of quasi-2D SnO2 thin films with a (110) surface–prospect material for sensitive element of gas sensors. Electronic structure, charge transfer and chemoresistive response of quasi-2D SnO2 thin films during adsorption of alcohol molecules [...] Read more.
We performed in silico calculations of electrical conductivity of quasi-2D SnO2 thin films with a (110) surface–prospect material for sensitive element of gas sensors. Electronic structure, charge transfer and chemoresistive response of quasi-2D SnO2 thin films during adsorption of alcohol molecules (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol and butanol) and ketones (acetone, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone) were calculated. It was found that the electrical conductivity of quasi-2D SnO2 thin films decreases within 4–15% during adsorption of analytes. The influence of temperature on the concentration of analytes on the surface of quasi-2D SnO2 thin films was explored in dependence analyte’s type. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progresses in Thermoelectric Materials)
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14 pages, 8534 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of CuYO2 Nanofibers by Electrospinning and Applied to Hydrogen Harvest
by Kai-Chun Hsu, Arjunan Karthi Keyan, Chin-Wei Hung, Subramanian Sakthinathan, Chung-Lun Yu, Te-Wei Chiu, Karuppiah Nagaraj, Fang-Yu Fan, Yung-Kang Shan and Po-Chou Chen
Materials 2022, 15(24), 8957; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15248957 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1425
Abstract
Hydrogen can be employed as an alternative renewable energy source in response to climate change, global warming, and the energy problem. Methanol gas steam reforming (SRM) is the major method used in industry to produce hydrogen. In the SRM process, the catalyst nature [...] Read more.
Hydrogen can be employed as an alternative renewable energy source in response to climate change, global warming, and the energy problem. Methanol gas steam reforming (SRM) is the major method used in industry to produce hydrogen. In the SRM process, the catalyst nature offers benefits such as low cost, simplicity, and quickness. In this work, delafossite copper yttrium oxide (CuYO2) nanofibers were successfully prepared by electrospinning. The prepared CuYO2 nanofibers have different physical and chemical properties including thermoelectric behavior. The electrospinning method was used to produce as-spun fibers and annealed in an air atmosphere to form Cu2Y2O5 fibers; then, Cu2Y2O5 fibers were annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere to form CuYO2 nanofibers. X-ray diffraction studies and thermogravimetric and transmission electron microscope analysis confirmed the formation of CuYO2 nanofibers. The CuYO2 nanofibers were applied to methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production to confirm their catalytic ability. The CuYO2 nanofibers exhibited high catalytic activity and the best hydrogen production rate of 1967.89 mL min−1 g-cat−1 at 500 °C. The highly specific surface area of CuYO2 nanofibers used in steam reforming reactions could have significant economic and industrial implications. The performance of these CuYO2 nanofibers in hydrogen generation could be very important in industries with a global economic impact. Furthermore, the H2 production performance increases at higher reaction temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progresses in Thermoelectric Materials)
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19 pages, 5889 KiB  
Article
State of Charge Estimation and Evaluation of Lithium Battery Using Kalman Filter Algorithms
by Longzhou Hu, Rong Hu, Zengsheng Ma and Wenjuan Jiang
Materials 2022, 15(24), 8744; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15248744 - 07 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1409
Abstract
The accurate and rapid estimation of the state of charge (SOC) is important and difficult in lithium battery management systems. In this paper, an adaptive infinite Kalman filter (AUKF) was used to estimate the state of charge for a 18650 LiNiMnCoO2/graphite [...] Read more.
The accurate and rapid estimation of the state of charge (SOC) is important and difficult in lithium battery management systems. In this paper, an adaptive infinite Kalman filter (AUKF) was used to estimate the state of charge for a 18650 LiNiMnCoO2/graphite lithium-ion battery, and its performance was systematically evaluated under large initial errors, wide temperature ranges, and different drive cycles. In addition, three other Kalman filter algorithms on the predicted SOC of LIB were compared under different work conditions, and the accuracy and convergence time of different models were compared. The results showed that the convergence time of the AUKF algorithms was one order of magnitude smaller than that of the other three methods, and the mean absolute error was only less than 50% of the other methods. The present work can be used to help other researchers select an appropriate strategy for the SOC online estimation of lithium-ion cells under different applicable conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progresses in Thermoelectric Materials)
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23 pages, 8078 KiB  
Article
Development and Testing of the Thermoelectric Thermal Energy Conversion Device in the Conditions of Existing Aluminum Production
by Viktor V. Kondratiev, Ivan A. Sysoev, Aleksandr D. Kolosov, Vera V. Galishnikova, Vitaliy A. Gladkikh, Antonina I. Karlina and Yuliya I. Karlina
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8526; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15238526 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1235
Abstract
The aim of the work is to develop an energy-saving device that provides the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy. The design and materials of the thermoelectric converter unit, consisting of 12 thermoelectric converter modules, a cooling radiator and a switching unit, [...] Read more.
The aim of the work is to develop an energy-saving device that provides the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy. The design and materials of the thermoelectric converter unit, consisting of 12 thermoelectric converter modules, a cooling radiator and a switching unit, were developed and selected. Based on the test results, the zone of the maximum temperatures in the section of the gas duct recommended for the installation of a gas cooling module using a thermoelectric converter was determined. The technology for cooling gases with the help of a thermoelectric converter was tested on the site located in front of the experimental heat exchanger. An assessment of the efficiency of the conversion of heat into electrical energy was conducted using the design of the thermoelectric converter unit, based on thermoelectric modules TGM 127-1.4-1.2. It was determined that the device is capable of generating electricity stably for production needs. The data obtained showed that, at a temperature difference of 75–80 °C between the wall surface of the gas duct section and the coolant, the power of one thermoelectric converter block of the gas cooling system reaches 9 W. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progresses in Thermoelectric Materials)
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8 pages, 2107 KiB  
Article
Proton Transport in the Gadolinium-Doped Layered Perovskite BaLaInO4
by Nataliia Tarasova, Anzhelika Bedarkova and Irina Animitsa
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7351; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15207351 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1524
Abstract
Materials capable for use in energy generation have been actively investigated recently. Thermoelectrics, photovoltaics and electronic/ionic conductors are considered as a part of the modern energy system. Layered perovskites have many attractions, as materials with high conductivity. Gadolinium-doped layered perovskite BaLaInO4 was [...] Read more.
Materials capable for use in energy generation have been actively investigated recently. Thermoelectrics, photovoltaics and electronic/ionic conductors are considered as a part of the modern energy system. Layered perovskites have many attractions, as materials with high conductivity. Gadolinium-doped layered perovskite BaLaInO4 was obtained and investigated for the first time. The high values of conductivity were proved. The composition BaLa0.9Gd0.1InO4 demonstrates predominantly protonic transport under wet air and low temperatures (<400 °C). The doping by rare earth metals of layered perovskite is a prospective method for significantly improving conductivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progresses in Thermoelectric Materials)
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9 pages, 23989 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Thermoelectric Properties of (Cu2Te)1−x-(BiCuTeO)x Composites by Optimizing Carrier Concentration
by Wenyu Zhang, Zhifang Zhou, Yueyang Yang, Yunpeng Zheng, Yushuai Xu, Mingchu Zou, Ce-Wen Nan and Yuan-Hua Lin
Materials 2022, 15(6), 2096; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062096 - 11 Mar 2022
Viewed by 1967
Abstract
Because of the high carrier concentration, copper telluride (Cu2Te) has a relatively low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity, which are not good for its thermoelectric performance. To simultaneously optimize carrier concentration, lower thermal conductivity and improve the stability, BiCuTeO, an [...] Read more.
Because of the high carrier concentration, copper telluride (Cu2Te) has a relatively low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity, which are not good for its thermoelectric performance. To simultaneously optimize carrier concentration, lower thermal conductivity and improve the stability, BiCuTeO, an oxygen containing compound with lower carrier concentration, is in situ formed in Cu2Te by a method of combining self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) with spark plasma sintering (SPS). With the incorporation of BiCuTeO, the carrier concentration decreased from 8.1 × 1020 to 3.8 × 1020 cm−3, bringing the increase of power factor from ~1.91 to ~2.97 μW cm−1 K−2 at normal temperature. At the same time, thermal conductivity reduced from 2.61 to 1.48 W m−1 K−1 at 623 K. Consequently, (Cu2Te)0.95-(BiCuTeO)0.05 composite sample reached a relatively high ZT value of 0.13 at 723 K, which is 41% higher than that of Cu2Te. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progresses in Thermoelectric Materials)
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