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Research and Development in Magnesium Alloys for Industrial and Biomedical Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2023) | Viewed by 4101

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Designing a biodegradable implant implies good mechanical properties in correlation with the degradation rate and their biocompatibility in the host biological system. The research and development of alloys for medical applications with high biocompatibility and high strength alloys with good performance are a source of constant concern for researchers as, while many biomaterials have been studied and introduced, clinical applications in medicine are very rare. This is caused by the fact that effects expressed in vitro cannot be maintained in harsh environments in vivo. The next generation of biodegradable materials will contain multiple functions, with a high-end design that will require in-depth knowledge of the interaction between host tissues and bones, causing minimal adverse reactions.

This Special Issue covers a wide range of topics: characterization of different types of Mg based alloys, from obtaining to in vivo analysis highlighting their structure, properties, and functions. In this Special Issue of Materials, we will gather the top research results from researchers in various fields related to obtaining, processing, and utilizing biomaterials from different chemical elements. Topics of interest include Mg-based biodegradable alloys, modern processing technologies, in vitro and in vivo biological responses, and characterization techniques. For this purpose, original research articles, review articles, and significant preliminary communications are invited, with particular interest in articles describing current research trends and future perspectives in biomaterials characterization used in medical applications.

This Special Issue on “Research and Development in Magnesium Alloys for Industrial and Biomedical Applications” aims to publish some of the best research and reviews performed in the area of metallic biomaterials applications and will cover several topics, such as:

  • Mg-based metallic biomaterials;
  • Osseointegration;
  • Metal/tissue interfaces;
  • Biomechanical design and characterization;
  • Corrosion analysis of Mg-based alloys;
  • Additive manufacturing of Mg alloys;
  • Design of metallic implants and prosthesis;
  • Mg-based alloys for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine;
  • Mechanical coating/alloying/treatment of the biodegradable metallic alloys;
  • Mg alloys used in industrial applications.

Prof. Dr. Munteanu Corneliu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biodegradable alloys
  • microstructural analysis, corrosion resistance, in vitro & in vivo analysis
  • industrial applications

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2182 KiB  
Article
Influence of Alkaline Earth Metals on Structure Formation and Magnesium Alloy Properties
by Vadym Shalomeev, Galyna Tabunshchyk, Viktor Greshta, Marek Nykiel and Kinga Korniejenko
Materials 2022, 15(12), 4341; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15124341 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1355
Abstract
The main aim of this work is to improve the structure and properties of the magnesium alloy ML5 by modifying it with alkaline earth metals (ALM). The separate and joint influence of calcium and barium on the macrostructure and microstructure of the alloy [...] Read more.
The main aim of this work is to improve the structure and properties of the magnesium alloy ML5 by modifying it with alkaline earth metals (ALM). The separate and joint influence of calcium and barium on the macrostructure and microstructure of the alloy of Mg-Al-Zn system was investigated. The qualitative and quantitative estimation of the structural components was carried out. Alkali earth metals were included in complex intermetallic phases and serve as additional crystallization centers. Modification of magnesium alloys with alkaline earth metals is established in an amount of 0.05 to 0.1 wt. % increased the bulk percentage of intermetallic phases by ~1.5 times, shifting them towards smaller size groups while simultaneously forming spherical intermetallic phases located in the grain centre and serving as additional crystallization centers. In this case, grain size reduction and significant refinement of the alloy structural components were provided. The dependency of the separate and joint influence of alkali earth metals on the castings complex of properties of the magnesium alloy has been established. Thus, a separate modification of the ML5 alloy provided the maximum level of its strength and ductility with the addition of 0.1% Ca or Ba. The modification of the complex (0.1% Ca + 0.1% Ba) of the magnesium alloy decreased the dimensions of its structural components 1.5 times and increased the strength of the alloy by 20%, the ductility by 2 times and the long-term heat resistance 1.5 times due to the formation of the intermetallic phases of the complex composition. Linear dependences were obtained that describe the influence of the characteristics of the structural components of the modified magnesium alloy on its mechanical properties. The developed technology for modifying cast magnesium alloys with alkaline earth elements provides an improvement in casting quality and allows the reliability and durability of responsible casting operation. Full article
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18 pages, 5605 KiB  
Article
Novel Mg-0.5Ca-xMn Biodegradable Alloys Intended for Orthopedic Application: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
by Corneliu Munteanu, Daniela Maria Vlad, Eusebiu-Viorel Sindilar, Bogdan Istrate, Maria Butnaru, Sorin Aurelian Pasca, Roxana Oana Nastasa, Iuliana Mihai and Stefan-Lucian Burlea
Materials 2021, 14(23), 7262; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14237262 - 27 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1562
Abstract
Mg-based biodegradable materials, used for medical applications, have been extensively studied in the past decades. The in vitro cytocompatibility study showed that the proliferation and viability (as assessed by quantitative MTT-assay—3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) were not negatively affected with time by the addition of [...] Read more.
Mg-based biodegradable materials, used for medical applications, have been extensively studied in the past decades. The in vitro cytocompatibility study showed that the proliferation and viability (as assessed by quantitative MTT-assay—3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) were not negatively affected with time by the addition of Mn as an alloying element. In this sense, it should be put forward that the studied alloys don’t have a cytotoxic effect according to the standard ISO 10993-5, i.e., the level of the cells’ viability (cultured with the studied experimental alloys) attained both after 1 day and 5 days was over 82% (i.e., 82, 43–89, 65%). Furthermore, the fibroblastic cells showed variable morphology (evidenced by fluorescence microscopy) related to the alloy sample’s proximity (i.e., related to the variation on the Ca, Mg, and Mn ionic concentration as a result of alloy degradation). It should be mentioned that the cells presented a polygonal morphology with large cytoplasmic processes in the vicinity of the alloy’s samples, and a bipolar morphology in the remote region of the wells. Moreover, the in vitro results seem to indicate that only 0.5% Mn is sufficient to improve the chemical stability, and thus the cytocompatibility; from this point of view, it could provide some flexibility in choosing the right alloy for a specific medical application, depending on the specific parameters of each alloy, such as its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In order to assess the in vivo compatibility of each concentration of alloy, the pieces were implanted in four rats, in two distinct body regions, i.e., the lumbar and thigh. The body’s reaction was followed over time, 60 days, both by general clinical examinations considering macroscopic changes, and by laboratory examinations, which revealed macroscopic and microscopic changes using X-rays, CT(Computed Tomography), histology exams and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). In both anatomical regions, for each of the tested alloys, deformations were observed, i.e., a local reaction of different intensities, starting the day after surgery. The release of hydrogen gas that forms during Mg alloy degradation occurred immediately after implantation in all five of the groups examined, which did not affect the normal functionality of the tissues surrounding the implants. Imaging examinations (radiological and CT) revealed the presence of the alloy and the volume of hydrogen gas in the lumbar and femoral region in varying amounts. The biodegradable alloys in the Mg-Ca-Mn system have great potential to be used in orthopedic applications. Full article
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