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Advanced Biomaterials in Dentistry and Healthcare

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2022) | Viewed by 20255

Special Issue Editor

Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Dental School, Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy
Interests: oral surgery; maxillofacial surgery; oral pathology; implant; digital dentistry; prosthodontics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although biomaterials are already being used in a variety of dental fields (implantology, prosthodontics, restorative dentistry, endodontics, periodontology, oral surgery), there is still a need to improve the performance characteristics of such materials, as well as their durability, cost efficiency, and relevant testing methods. This is a driving force in the development of new solutions, to find innovative synthesis and technological solutions, as well as understand the function-to-properties relationships, all of which may be reflected in your scientific contributions to this Special Issue.

Advanced biomaterials and their applications in implant prosthodontics, bone regenerative procedures, and dentistry in general may represent an important element in our efforts to improve clinical results and shorten the time of treatment. Moreover, potential applications in tissue engineering are a remarkably interesting topic, especially if associated with stem cells.

Biomaterials can also have an important correlation with healthcare in general and improve dental results in systemic patients.

The forthcoming Special Issue of Materials aims to publish new advances in the attractive field of research of “Advanced Biomaterials in Dentistry and Healthcare”.

It is our pleasure to invite you to contribute your research article, communication, or review for this Special Issue.

Prof. Gherlone Felice Enrico
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterial
  • prosthodontics
  • esthetic
  • implant
  • stem cells
  • molecular biology
  • metal-free

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4087 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements Reinforced with Synthesized Diopside Produced via Sol–Gel Method
by Ali Maleki Nojehdehi, Farina Moghaddam and Bejan Hamawandi
Materials 2023, 16(5), 2107; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16052107 - 05 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1593
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate a glass ionomer cement/diopside (GIC/DIO) nanocomposite to improve its mechanical properties for biomaterials applications. For this purpose, diopside was synthesized using a sol–gel method. Then, for preparing the nanocomposite, 2, 4, and 6 wt% diopside were added to [...] Read more.
This study aimed to fabricate a glass ionomer cement/diopside (GIC/DIO) nanocomposite to improve its mechanical properties for biomaterials applications. For this purpose, diopside was synthesized using a sol–gel method. Then, for preparing the nanocomposite, 2, 4, and 6 wt% diopside were added to a glass ionomer cement (GIC). Subsequently, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) analyses were used to characterize the synthesized diopside. Furthermore, the compressive strength, microhardness, and fracture toughness of the fabricated nanocomposite were evaluated, and a fluoride-releasing test in artificial saliva was also applied. The highest concurrent enhancements of compressive strength (1155.7 MPa), microhardness (148 HV), and fracture toughness (5.189 MPa·m1/2) were observed for the glass ionomer cement (GIC) with 4 wt% diopside nanocomposite. In addition, the results of the fluoride-releasing test showed that the amount of released fluoride from the prepared nanocomposite was slightly lower than the glass ionomer cement (GIC). Overall, the improvement in mechanical properties and optimal fluoride release of prepared nanocomposites can introduce suitable options for dental restorations under load and orthopedic implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials in Dentistry and Healthcare)
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14 pages, 6562 KiB  
Article
Effect of Short-Term Ageing Treatment on Bending Force Behavior of Commercial Nickel-Titanium Archwire
by Asad Munir, Muhammad Fauzinizam Razali, Muhammad Hafiz Hassan and Gérald Franz
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1008; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16031008 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1349
Abstract
Superelastic nickel–titanium (NiTi) archwires have become the preferred archwire for orthodontic alignment and the levelling stage due to their ability to exert a light force on teeth throughout a wide range of tooth movement. The magnitude and trend of the force exerted on [...] Read more.
Superelastic nickel–titanium (NiTi) archwires have become the preferred archwire for orthodontic alignment and the levelling stage due to their ability to exert a light force on teeth throughout a wide range of tooth movement. The magnitude and trend of the force exerted on the malposed tooth is influenced by the orthodontist’s consideration of the size and geometry of the NiTi archwire during orthodontic therapy. In this work, a novel approach of a short-term ageing treatment was utilized to modify the magnitude and trend of the bending force of a commercial superelastic NiTi archwire. The bending behavior of the superelastic NiTi archwire was altered by subjecting it to different temperatures in an ageing treatment for 15 min. The bending behavior of the aged NiTi archwire was examined using a three-point and three-bracket setup. The commercial NiTi archwire’s bending forces in both the three-point and three-bracket configurations were successfully altered by the 15 min ageing treatment. During unloading in the three-bracket arrangement, the NiTi archwires aged at 490 °C or 520 °C exhibited a lower magnitude and more consistent force compared to the NiTi archwires aged at 400 °C or 430 °C. Ageing the archwire for 15 min at 490 °C produced a suitable size of Ni4Ti3 precipitate, which makes the wire more flexible during bending and reduces the unloading force in the three-bracket bending configuration. The short-term aged NiTi archwire could be used to enhance the force delivery trend to the malposed tooth by lowering the amplitude of the force delivered and sustaining that force throughout the orthodontic treatment duration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials in Dentistry and Healthcare)
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11 pages, 526 KiB  
Article
Alkalizing Properties of Six Calcium-Silicate Endodontic Biomaterials
by Katarzyna Kot, Łukasz Kucharski, Ewa Marek, Krzysztof Safranow and Mariusz Lipski
Materials 2022, 15(18), 6482; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15186482 - 19 Sep 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1544
Abstract
Introduction: Calcium silicate-based cements (CSC), are self-setting hydraulic biomaterials widely used for reparative procedures in dentistry and endodontics. These materials possess physical properties, such as ion release, porosity, solubility, and radiopacity. Their biological properties are connected to their alkalizing activity and calcium release [...] Read more.
Introduction: Calcium silicate-based cements (CSC), are self-setting hydraulic biomaterials widely used for reparative procedures in dentistry and endodontics. These materials possess physical properties, such as ion release, porosity, solubility, and radiopacity. Their biological properties are connected to their alkalizing activity and calcium release capacity. Materials and Methods: Six calcium silicate-based materials were selected for this study: TheraCal LC (Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA), MTA Plus (PrevestDenpro, Jammu, India Avalon Biomed Inc., Bradenton, FL, USA), Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France), RetroMTA (BioMTA, Seoul, Korea), MTA Flow (Ultradent Products, Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA), and OrthoMTA (BioMTA, Seoul, Korea). The pH was analyzed immediately after immersion (baseline) and after 1 h, 3 h, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 1 year with a pH meter, previously calibrated with solutions of known pH. All testing materials had alkaline pH. Results: Analysis of the tested materials showed statistically significant differences in terms of pH changes as a function of the time showed a gradual rise in the pH of all materials. Conclusions: All tested materials exhibited continuous hydroxyl ion release resulting in a rise in pH until the end of time of experience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials in Dentistry and Healthcare)
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12 pages, 1389 KiB  
Article
Acid Dentin Lysate Modulates Macrophage Polarization and Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro
by Jila Nasirzade, Zahra Kargarpour, Layla Panahipour and Reinhard Gruber
Materials 2021, 14(22), 6920; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14226920 - 16 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1779
Abstract
Dentin prepared from extracted teeth is used as autograft for alveolar bone augmentation. Graft consolidation involves the acid lysis of dentin thereby generating a characteristic paracrine environment. Acid lysate of dentin is mimicking this environment. Acid dentin lysate (ADL) potentially targets hematopoietic cells [...] Read more.
Dentin prepared from extracted teeth is used as autograft for alveolar bone augmentation. Graft consolidation involves the acid lysis of dentin thereby generating a characteristic paracrine environment. Acid lysate of dentin is mimicking this environment. Acid dentin lysate (ADL) potentially targets hematopoietic cells thereby affecting their differentiation towards macrophages and osteoclasts; however, the question remains if ADL controls macrophage polarization and osteoclastogenesis. Here, we show that ADL reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage polarization of the pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype, indicated by attenuated Interleukin 1 (IL1), Interleukine 6 (IL6)and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression. This decrease in M1 macrophages was confirmed by the reduced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 in the LPS-exposed RAW 264.7 macrophages. Similarly, when RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated with other agonists of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling e.g., FSL1, Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid High Molecular Weight (Poly (1:C) HMW), Pam3CSK4, and imiquimod, ADL reduced the IL6 expression. We further show herein that ADL decreased osteoclastogenesis indicated by the reduced formation of multinucleated cell expressing cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in murine bone marrow cultures. Overall, our results suggest that acid dentin lysate can affect the differentiation of hematopoietic cells to M1 macrophage polarization and a decrease in osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cultures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials in Dentistry and Healthcare)
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20 pages, 8935 KiB  
Article
Bonding Interface and Repairability of 3D-Printed Intraoral Splints: Shear Bond Strength to Current Polymers, with and without Ageing
by Ebru Kuscu, Andrea Klink, Sebastian Spintzyk, Pablo Kraemer Fernandez and Fabian Huettig
Materials 2021, 14(14), 3935; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14143935 - 14 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2212
Abstract
This in-vitro study investigates the bonding interfaces reached by the conditioning of a splint material additively manufactured by digital light processing (AM base) as well as the shear bond strength (SBS) of resins bonded to these surfaces (repair material). Therefore, the AM base [...] Read more.
This in-vitro study investigates the bonding interfaces reached by the conditioning of a splint material additively manufactured by digital light processing (AM base) as well as the shear bond strength (SBS) of resins bonded to these surfaces (repair material). Therefore, the AM base was either stored in dry for 12 h or wet environment for 14 days to simulate ageing by intraoral wear. The dry and wet group was bonded after physical and/or chemical conditioning to cylinders made from polymethylmethacrylate or four novel polymers allowing splint modifications. Blasted and methylmethacrylate (MMA)-conditioned Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bonded to PMMA acted as the gold standard. The surface profiles revealed highest differences of Ra towards the gold standard in AM base conditioned with other than MMA after sandblasting. The adhesively bonded repair materials of the wet AM base were further aged in wet environment for 14 days. The SBS of the gold standard (25.2 MPa and 25.6 MPa) was only reached by PMMA bonded to blasted and MMA-conditioned AM base after dry (22.7 MPa) and non-conditioned after wet storage (23 MPa). Four repair materials failed to reach the threshold of 5 MPa after dry storage and three after wet storage, respectively. Non-conditioned AM base revealed the highest risk for adhesive fractures when using other resins than PMMA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials in Dentistry and Healthcare)
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11 pages, 2353 KiB  
Article
A Pilot Retrospective Study on the Effect of Bone Grafting after Wisdom Teeth Extraction
by Luigi Canullo, Giampiero Rossi-Fedele, Francesca Camodeca, Maria Menini and Paolo Pesce
Materials 2021, 14(11), 2844; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14112844 - 26 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6175
Abstract
This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the effect of bone graft after extraction of wisdom teeth impacting with the distal aspect of the second molar, on soft tissue wound healing, bone loss, and periodontal parameters. Sixteen patients treated an for impacted mandibular wisdom [...] Read more.
This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the effect of bone graft after extraction of wisdom teeth impacting with the distal aspect of the second molar, on soft tissue wound healing, bone loss, and periodontal parameters. Sixteen patients treated an for impacted mandibular wisdom tooth at least one year ago were re-called (18 teeth). Dental panoramic tomography and periodontal parameters were assessed. A graft material was used to fill the post-extractive sockets in the test group (GUIDOR easy-graft CRYSTAL), whereas in the control group, the socket was filled using a collagen sponge and blood clot (Hemocollagene, Septodont, Matarò, Spain). The radiographic bone loss was measured at the distal aspect of the second molar. The Wilcoxon singed-rank test for paired data was performed to evaluate statistical differences. In the test group, only two cases out of nine showed bone loss, with an average of 0.55 ± 1.30 mm. Conversely, in the control group, five teeth out of nine showed bone resorption with an average of 1.22 ± 1.30 mm. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Periodontal parameters at the second molar demonstrated similar behavior between the test and control groups. Soft tissue healing complications were lower in the grafted compared to the comparator sites without reaching statistical significance. Within the limitations of the present study, no difference was found between the two groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials in Dentistry and Healthcare)
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9 pages, 17478 KiB  
Article
Silane-Coating Strategy for Titanium Functionalization Does Not Impair Osteogenesis In Vivo
by Plinio Mendes Senna, Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão, Rafael Coutinho Mello-Machado, Kayvon Javid, Pietro Montemezzi, Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury and Luiz Meirelles
Materials 2021, 14(7), 1814; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14071814 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2642
Abstract
Silane-coating strategy has been used to bind biological compounds to the titanium surface, thereby making implant devices biologically active. However, it has not been determined if the presence of the silane coating itself is biocompatible to osseointegration. The aim of the present study [...] Read more.
Silane-coating strategy has been used to bind biological compounds to the titanium surface, thereby making implant devices biologically active. However, it has not been determined if the presence of the silane coating itself is biocompatible to osseointegration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if silane-coating affects bone formation on titanium using a rabbit model. For this, titanium screw implants (3.75 by 6 mm) were hydroxylated in a solution of H2SO4/30% H2O2 for 4 h before silane-coating with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). A parallel set of titanium screws underwent only the hydroxylation process to present similar acid-etched topography as a control. The presence of the silane on the surface was checked by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of 40 titanium screws were implanted in the tibia of ten New Zealand rabbits in order to evaluate bone-to-implant contact (BIC) after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of healing. Silane-coated surface presented higher nitrogen content in the XPS analysis, while micro- and nano-topography of the surface remained unaffected. No difference between the groups was observed after 3 and 6 weeks of healing (p > 0.05, independent t-test), although an increase in BIC occurred over time. These results indicate that silanization of a titanium surface with APTES did not impair the bone formation, indicating that this can be a reliable tool to anchor osteogenic molecules on the surface of implant devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials in Dentistry and Healthcare)
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16 pages, 2630 KiB  
Article
Calcium Phosphate Modified with Silicon vs. Bovine Hydroxyapatite for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: Densitometric Evaluation, Morphological Changes and Histomorphometric Study
by Guillermo Cadenas-Vacas, Natalia Martínez-Rodríguez, Cristina Barona-Dorado, Luis Sánchez-Labrador, Jorge Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann, Cristina Meniz-García and José María Martínez-González
Materials 2021, 14(4), 940; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14040940 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1957
Abstract
After tooth extraction, the alveolar bone undergoes a physiological resorption that may compromise the future placement of the implant in its ideal position. This study evaluated bone density, morphological changes, and histomorphometric results undergone by alveolar bone after applying a new biomaterial composed [...] Read more.
After tooth extraction, the alveolar bone undergoes a physiological resorption that may compromise the future placement of the implant in its ideal position. This study evaluated bone density, morphological changes, and histomorphometric results undergone by alveolar bone after applying a new biomaterial composed of calcium phosphate modified with silicon (CAPO-Si) compared with hydroxyapatite of bovine origin (BHA). Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) was performed in 24 alveoli, divided into a test group filled with CAPO-Si and a control group filled with BHA. Three months later, the mineral bone density obtained by the biomaterials, horizontal and vertical bone loss, the degree of alveolar corticalization, and histomorphometric results were evaluated. Both biomaterials presented similar behavior in terms of densitometric results, vertical bone loss, and degree of alveolar corticalization. Alveoli treated with CAPO-Si showed less horizontal bone loss in comparison with alveoli treated with BHA (0.99 ± 0.2 mm vs. 1.3 ± 0.3 mm), with statistically significant difference (p = 0.017). Histomorphometric results showed greater bone neoformation in the test group than the control group (23 ± 15% vs. 11 ± 7%) (p = 0.039) and less residual biomaterial (5 ± 10% vs. 17 ± 13%) (p = 0.043) with statistically significant differences. In conclusion, the ARP technique obtains better results with CAPO-Si than with BHA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomaterials in Dentistry and Healthcare)
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