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Bioactive Dental Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2023) | Viewed by 24234

Special Issue Editors

Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: smart dental materials; cariology; preventive and minimally invasive dentistry; bioactivity and biocompatibility; adhesive interfaces
Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: dental resin composites; experimental composites; materials characterization; bioactive restorative materials; bioactive glass
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Regardless of the type or extent of dental treatment, its success critically depends on the properties of materials used for the reconstruction of damaged or lost tissues. Although contemporary dental materials perform reasonably well, considerable research efforts are still being invested in overcoming particular material shortcomings which negatively affect the success and long-term prognosis of the treatment.

Bioactivity, broadly defined as the ability of materials to interact with living tissues, is an interesting property that can be used to improve outcomes of various dental treatments. While for some dental procedures the bioactivity of reconstructive materials is a necessary prerequisite (e.g., bone implants), other procedures (e.g., dental restorations) still mainly rely on bioinert materials and have only recently been benefiting from materials interacting with living tissues. Such a shift from bioinert to bioactive materials aims to render restorations made from an alloplastic material more similar to natural tissues. The compositional and structural similarity of bioactive materials to living tissue allows for better integration into the surrounding biological environment while causing fewer undesired reactions.

Various bioactive materials are being investigated for use in a wide range of dental fields. Periodontics has been successfully using bioactive bone grafting materials for more than three decades. Bone grafts, as well as resorptive osteoinductive scaffolds, are being investigated for reconstructions of large bone defects in maxillofacial surgery. In restorative and preventive dentistry, the need for re-treatment due to secondary caries can be reduced by using bioactive materials capable of remineralizing dental hard tissues, sealing the marginal gap, and inhibiting bacterial growth. Furthermore, the interface between resin-based composites and dentin can be strengthened by adhesive systems able to remineralize the collagenous network within the hybrid layer. The adhesion of endodontic fillings to root canal walls can be improved by bioactive materials capable of converting into hydroxyapatite. Various bioactive materials used for pulp capping can improve the chance of pulpal recovery and reduce the need for root canal treatments. Endosseous dental implants coated with bioactive materials can attain better and longer-lasting osseointegration. Therefore, bioactive dental materials represent a broad and fast-growing field of research with a promising potential for improving the quality of various dental treatments.

In this Special Issue of Materials dedicated to bioactive dental materials, you are invited to contribute original research, short communications, and review articles.

Prof. Dr. Tobias Tauböck
Dr. Matej Par
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bioactive glass
  • calcium (ortho)phosphates
  • hydroxyapatite
  • ion release
  • functional dental materials
  • remineralizing dental materials
  • bone grafting materials
  • bone scaffolds
  • dental implants
  • tissue engineering

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6433 KiB  
Article
FEA Comparison of the Mechanical Behavior of Three Dental Crown Materials: Enamel, Ceramic, and Zirconia
by Mario Ceddia, Luciano Lamberti and Bartolomeo Trentadue
Materials 2024, 17(3), 673; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17030673 - 30 Jan 2024
Viewed by 456
Abstract
The restoration of endodontically treated teeth is one of the main challenges of restorative dentistry. The structure of the tooth is a complex assembly in which the materials that make it up, enamel and dentin, have very different mechanical behaviors. Therefore, finding alternative [...] Read more.
The restoration of endodontically treated teeth is one of the main challenges of restorative dentistry. The structure of the tooth is a complex assembly in which the materials that make it up, enamel and dentin, have very different mechanical behaviors. Therefore, finding alternative replacement materials for dental crowns in the area of restorative care isa highly significant challenge, since materials such as ceramic and zirconia have very different stress load resistance values. The aim of this study is to assess which material, either ceramic or zirconia, optimizes the behavior of a restored tooth under various typical clinical conditions and the masticatory load. A finite element analysis (FEA) framework is developed for this purpose. The 3D model of the restored tooth is input into the FEA software (Ansys Workbench R23)and meshed into tetrahedral elements. The presence of masticatory forces is considered: in particular, vertical, 45° inclined, and horizontal resultant forces of 280 N are applied on five contact points of the occlusal surface. The numerical results show that the maximum stress developed in the restored tooth including a ceramic crown and subject to axial load is about 39.381 MPa, which is rather close to the 62.32 MPa stress computed for the natural tooth; stresses of about 18 MPa are localized at the roots of both crown materials. In the case of the zirconia crown, the stresses are much higher than those in the ceramic crown, except for the 45° load direction, while, for the horizontal loads, the stress peak in the zirconia crown is almost three times as large as its counterpart in the ceramic crown (i.e., 163.24 MPa vs. 56.114 MPa, respectively). Therefore, the zirconia crown exhibits higher stresses than enamel and ceramic that could increase in the case of parafunctions, such as bruxism. The clinician’s choice between the two materials should be evaluated based on the patient’s medical condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
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11 pages, 4705 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Orthodontic Tooth Movement of Regenerated Bone Induced by Carbonated Hydroxyapatite or Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral in Beagle Dogs
by Takaharu Abe, Ryo Kunimatsu and Kotaro Tanimoto
Materials 2024, 17(1), 112; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17010112 - 25 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 573
Abstract
Orthodontic treatments often involve tooth movement to improve dental alignment. In this study, we aimed to compare tooth movement in regenerated bone induced by two different bone fillers, carbonated hydroxyapatite (CAP) and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). Four beagle dogs were used in [...] Read more.
Orthodontic treatments often involve tooth movement to improve dental alignment. In this study, we aimed to compare tooth movement in regenerated bone induced by two different bone fillers, carbonated hydroxyapatite (CAP) and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). Four beagle dogs were used in this comparative study. The first, second, and fourth lower mandibular premolars (P1, P2, and P4) on both sides of the mouth were extracted, and CAP was implanted into the extraction site on the left side and DBBM into the right side. Following regenerative bone healing, orthodontic devices were attached to perform orthodontic tooth movement of the lower third mandibular premolar (P3) on both sides. X-ray examination, intraoral scan, and histological analysis were performed. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Bone regeneration and orthodontic tooth movement were observed in the CAP and DBBM groups. Histologically, normal periodontal tissue remodeling was observed on the compression and tension sides of CAP and DBBM. No statistical difference was observed in the number of osteoclasts around the periodontal ligament and the root resorption area. Orthodontic tooth movement of regenerated bone induced by CAP and DBBM was therefore achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
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12 pages, 3104 KiB  
Article
Effects of Ion-Releasing Materials on Dentine: Analysis of Microhardness, Appearance, and Chemical Composition
by Ivan Šalinović, Falk Schwendicke, Haitham Askar, Jamila Yassine and Ivana Miletić
Materials 2023, 16(23), 7310; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16237310 - 24 Nov 2023
Viewed by 691
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the potential of standard ion-releasing materials to repair demineralized lesions with recently introduced alkasite and glass hybrid materials. Glass ionomer (GC Fuji TRIAGE), two glass hybrids (EQUIA Forte HT, Riva SC), calcium silicate cement (Biodentine) [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to compare the potential of standard ion-releasing materials to repair demineralized lesions with recently introduced alkasite and glass hybrid materials. Glass ionomer (GC Fuji TRIAGE), two glass hybrids (EQUIA Forte HT, Riva SC), calcium silicate cement (Biodentine) and an alkasite (Cention Forte) were tested. A total of 72 human third molars were used for sample preparation; on the dentine surface, a class-I cavity was prepared, and one half was covered with nail varnish. The teeth were subjected to a demineralization protocol, filled with the examined materials, and cut in half. The evaluation included a dentine microhardness assessment (n = 10) and SEM/EDS analysis (n = 2). The results were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software and compared using an analysis of variance and Scheffe post-hoc test. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. Mean microhardness values (HV0.1) after 14 and 28 days were, respectively: EQUIA Forte HT (26.7 ± 1.45 and 37.74 ± 1.56), Riva Self Cure (19.66 ± 1.02 and 29.58 ± 1.18), Cention Forte (19.01 ± 1.24 and 27.93 ± 1.33), Biodentine (23.35 ± 1.23 and 29.92 ± 1.02), GC Fuji TRIAGE (25.94 ± 1.35 and 33.87 ± 5.57) and control group (15.57 ± 0.68 and 15.64 ± 0.82). The results were significantly different between most groups (p < 0.001). SEM/EDS revealed varying patterns, material deposits and distinct elemental variations. To conclude, all materials increased microhardness and affected the dentine surface appearance and chemical composition; EQUIA Forte HT demonstrated the most pronounced effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
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10 pages, 253 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Manuka Honey as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A 12-Month Follow-Up, Split-Mouth Pilot Study
by David Opšivač, Larisa Musić, Ana Badovinac, Anđelina Šekelja and Darko Božić
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1248; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16031248 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1390
Abstract
Periodontitis is recognized as one of the most common diseases worldwide. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) is the initial approach in periodontal treatment. Recently, interest has shifted to various adjunctive treatments to which the bacteria cannot develop resistance, including Manuka honey. This study was [...] Read more.
Periodontitis is recognized as one of the most common diseases worldwide. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) is the initial approach in periodontal treatment. Recently, interest has shifted to various adjunctive treatments to which the bacteria cannot develop resistance, including Manuka honey. This study was designed as a split-mouth clinical trial and included 15 participants with stage III periodontitis. The participants were subjected to non-surgical full-mouth therapy, followed by applying Manuka honey to two quadrants. The benefit of adjunctive use of Manuka honey was assessed at the recall appointment after 3, 6, and 12 months, when periodontal probing depth (PPD), split-mouth plaque score (FMPS), split-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were reassessed. Statistically significant differences between NSPT + Manuka and NSPT alone were found in PPD improvement for all follow-up time points and CAL improvement after 3 and 6 months. These statistically significant improvements due to the adjunctive use of Manuka amounted to (mm): 0.21, 0.30, and 0.19 for delta CAL and 0.18, 0.28, and 0.16 for delta PPD values measured after 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. No significant improvements in FMPS and FMBS were observed. This pilot study demonstrated the promising potential of Manuka honey for use as an adjunct therapy to nonsurgical treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
10 pages, 895 KiB  
Article
Short and Long-Term Solubility, Alkalizing Effect, and Thermal Persistence of Premixed Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers: AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer vs. Total Fill BC Sealer
by David Donnermeyer, Patrick Schemkämper, Sebastian Bürklein and Edgar Schäfer
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7320; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15207320 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the short- and long-term solubility, alkalizing potential, and suitability for warm-vertical compaction of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHBC), and Total Fill BC Sealer (TFBC) compared to the epoxy-resin sealer AH Plus (AHP). A solubility test was performed according [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the short- and long-term solubility, alkalizing potential, and suitability for warm-vertical compaction of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHBC), and Total Fill BC Sealer (TFBC) compared to the epoxy-resin sealer AH Plus (AHP). A solubility test was performed according to ISO specification 6876 and further similar to ISO requirements over a period of 1 month in distilled water (AD) and 4 months in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The pH of the immersion solution was determined weekly. Sealers were exposed to thermal treatment at 37, 57, 67, and 97 °C for 30 s. Furthermore, heat treatment at 97 °C was performed for 180 s to simulate inappropriate implementation of warm vertical filling techniques. Physical properties (setting time, flow, film thickness according to ISO 6876) and chemical properties (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy) were assessed. AHBC and TFBC were associated with significantly higher solubility than AHP over 1 month in AD and 4 months in PBS (p < 0.05). AHBC and TFBC both reached high initial alkaline pH, while TFBC was associated with a longer-lasting alkaline potential than AHBC. Initial pH of AHBC and TFBC was higher in AD than in PBS. None of the sealers were compromised by thermal treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
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15 pages, 2786 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Assessment of Contemporary Ion-Releasing Restorative Dental Materials
by Danijela Marovic, Matej Par, Karlo Posavec, Ivana Marić, Dominik Štajdohar, Alen Muradbegović, Tobias T. Tauböck, Thomas Attin and Zrinka Tarle
Materials 2022, 15(12), 4042; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15124042 - 07 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2653
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate new commercially available ion-releasing restorative materials and compare them to established anti-cariogenic materials. Four materials were tested: alkasite Cention (Ivoclar Vivadent) in self-cure or light-cure mode, giomer Beautifil II (Shofu), conventional glass-ionomer Fuji IX (GC), and resin composite [...] Read more.
The objective was to evaluate new commercially available ion-releasing restorative materials and compare them to established anti-cariogenic materials. Four materials were tested: alkasite Cention (Ivoclar Vivadent) in self-cure or light-cure mode, giomer Beautifil II (Shofu), conventional glass-ionomer Fuji IX (GC), and resin composite Tetric EvoCeram (Ivoclar Vivadent) as a control. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, and Weibull modulus were measured one day, three months, and after three months with accelerated aging in ethanol. Water sorption and solubility were evaluated for up to one year. Degree of conversion was measured during 120 min for self-cured and light-cured Cention. In this study, Beautifil II was the ion-releasing material with the highest flexural strength and modulus and with the best resistance to aging. Alkasite Cention showed superior mechanical properties to Fuji IX. Weibull analysis showed that the glass-ionomer had the least reliable distribution of mechanical properties with the highest water sorption. The solubility of self-cured alkasite exceeded the permissible values according to ISO 4049. Degree of conversion of light-cured Cention was higher than in self-cure mode. The use of alkasite Cention is recommended only in the light-cure mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
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13 pages, 6427 KiB  
Article
Biomimetic Ceramic Composite: Characterization, Cell Response, and In Vivo Biocompatibility
by Hung-Yang Lin, Yi-Jung Lu, Hsin-Hua Chou, Keng-Liang Ou, Bai-Hung Huang, Wen-Chien Lan, Takashi Saito, Yung-Chieh Cho, Yu-Hsin Ou, Tzu-Sen Yang and Pei-Wen Peng
Materials 2021, 14(23), 7374; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14237374 - 01 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3281
Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesize biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (CaPs) composed of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) from the propagated Scleractinian coral and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous using a solid-state reaction followed by heat treatment at a temperature of 1100 °C for [...] Read more.
The present study aimed to synthesize biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (CaPs) composed of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) from the propagated Scleractinian coral and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous using a solid-state reaction followed by heat treatment at a temperature of 1100 °C for 1 h to 7 days. The as-prepared coral and coral-derived biphasic CaPs samples were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The cell response of the biphasic CaPs was evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity assessment using mouse fibroblast (L929) cells. The bilateral femoral defect rabbit model was used to assess the early local reaction of the coral-derived biphasic CaPs bone graft on tissue. The results confirmed that the co-existence of β-TCP and HAp was formed at 1100 °C for 1 h. The ratio of HA/β-TCP increased as the heat-treatment time increased. The coral-derived biphasic CaPs comprising 61% HAp and 39% β-TCP (defined as HT-3) were not cytotoxic. Furthermore, no significant differences in local tissue reaction were observed between the HT-3 sample and autogenous bone. Therefore, the synthesized coral-derived biphasic CaPs is a candidate for bone grafting due to its good biocompatibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
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12 pages, 1582 KiB  
Article
Treatment of Intrabony Defects with a Combination of Hyaluronic Acid and Deproteinized Porcine Bone Mineral
by Darko Božić, Ivan Ćatović, Ana Badovinac, Larisa Musić, Matej Par and Anton Sculean
Materials 2021, 14(22), 6795; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14226795 - 11 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2550
Abstract
Background: this study evaluates the clinical outcomes of a novel approach in treating deep intrabony defects utilizing papilla preservation techniques with a combination of hyaluronic acid (HA) and deproteinized porcine bone mineral. Methods: 23 patients with 27 intrabony defects were treated with a [...] Read more.
Background: this study evaluates the clinical outcomes of a novel approach in treating deep intrabony defects utilizing papilla preservation techniques with a combination of hyaluronic acid (HA) and deproteinized porcine bone mineral. Methods: 23 patients with 27 intrabony defects were treated with a combination of HA and deproteinized porcine bone mineral. Clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket probing depth (PPD), gingival recession (REC) were recorded at baseline and 6 months after the surgery. Results: At 6 months, there was a significant CAL gain of 3.65 ± 1.67 mm (p < 0.001) with a PPD reduction of 4.54 ± 1.65 mm (p < 0.001), which was associated with an increase in gingival recession (0.89 ± 0.59 mm, p < 0.001). The percentage of pocket resolution based on a PPD ≤4 mm was 92.6% and the failure rate based on a PPD of 5 mm was 7.4%. Conclusions: the present findings indicate that applying a combined HA and xenograft approach in deep intrabony defects provides clinically relevant CAL gains and PPD reductions compared to baseline values and is a valid new approach in treating intrabony defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
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9 pages, 1473 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Three Remineralizing Agents on the Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Demineralized Enamel
by Ivan Salinovic, Zdravko Schauperl, Marijan Marcius and Ivana Miletic
Materials 2021, 14(20), 6051; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14206051 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2490
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of three different varnish materials (containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, nano-hydroxyapatite, and fluoride) on enamel. Thirty-three extracted human third molars were used for specimen preparation. These were demineralized using phosphoric acid. Three experimental groups (n = [...] Read more.
This study aimed to determine the effects of three different varnish materials (containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, nano-hydroxyapatite, and fluoride) on enamel. Thirty-three extracted human third molars were used for specimen preparation. These were demineralized using phosphoric acid. Three experimental groups (n = 11) were treated with 3M™ Clinpro™ White Varnish, MI Varnish®, and Megasonex® toothpaste, respectively, every twenty-four hours for fourteen days. Analysis of the microhardness of the specimens’ enamel surfaces was carried out via the Vickers method, and by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Analysis was performed at three stages: at baseline value, after demineralization, and after the period of remineralization. Data were subjected to Scheffe’s post hoc test. The mean microhardness values (HV0.1) obtained for the group of samples treated with MI Varnish® were higher compared with the other two groups (p = 0.001 for both comparisons), while the first and third groups did not differ significantly from each other (p = 0.97). SEM analysis showed uneven patterns and porosities on all samples tested. EDS results showed an increase in the mineral content of the examined samples, with the highest mineral content observed in the MI Varnish® group. It can be concluded that MI Varnish® use has a better remineralization effect on enamel than the other two materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
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12 pages, 11054 KiB  
Article
Nanoparticles of Bioactive Glass Enhance Biodentine Bioactivity on Dental Pulp Stem Cells
by Camila Corral Nunez, Diego Altamirano Gaete, Miguel Maureira, Javier Martin and Cristian Covarrubias
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2684; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14102684 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2712
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of a novel nanocomposite containing nanoparticles of bioactive glass (nBGs) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). nBGs were synthesized by the sol–gel method. Biodentine (BD) nanocomposites (nBG/BD) were prepared with 2 and 5% [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of a novel nanocomposite containing nanoparticles of bioactive glass (nBGs) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). nBGs were synthesized by the sol–gel method. Biodentine (BD) nanocomposites (nBG/BD) were prepared with 2 and 5% wt of nBG content; unmodified BD and glass ionomer cement were used as references. Cell viability and attachment were evaluated after 3, 7 and 14 days. Odontogenic differentiation was assessed with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Cells successfully adhered and proliferated on nBG/BD nanocomposites, cell viability of nanocomposites was comparable with unmodified BD and higher than GIC. nBG/BD nanocomposites were, particularly, more active to promote odontogenic differentiation, expressed as higher ALP activity of hDPSCs after 7 days of exposure, than neat BD or GIC. This novel nanocomposite biomaterial, nBG/BD, allowed hDPSC attachment and proliferation and increased the expression of ALP, upregulated in mineral-producing cells. These findings open opportunities to use nBG/BD in vital pulp therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
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12 pages, 2958 KiB  
Article
Incorporation of Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres in Experimental Dental Composites: Chemical and Mechanical Characterization
by Danijela Marovic, Håvard J. Haugen, Visnja Negovetic Mandic, Matej Par, Kai Zheng, Zrinka Tarle and Aldo R. Boccaccini
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2611; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14102611 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3349
Abstract
Experimental dental resin composites incorporating copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) were designed to impart antibacterial and remineralizing properties. The study evaluated the influence of Cu-MBGN on the mechanical properties and photopolymerization of resin composites. Cu-MBGN were synthesized using a microemulsion-assisted sol–gel method. [...] Read more.
Experimental dental resin composites incorporating copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) were designed to impart antibacterial and remineralizing properties. The study evaluated the influence of Cu-MBGN on the mechanical properties and photopolymerization of resin composites. Cu-MBGN were synthesized using a microemulsion-assisted sol–gel method. Increasing amounts of Cu-MBGN (0, 1, 5, and 10 wt %) were added to the organic polymer matrix with inert glass micro- and nanofillers while maintaining a constant resin/filler ratio. Six tests were performed: X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), Vickers microhardness (MH), and degree of conversion (DC). FS and MH of Cu-MBGN composites with silica fillers showed no deterioration with aging, with statistically similar results at 1 and 28 days. FM was not influenced by the addition of Cu-MBGN but was reduced for all tested materials after 28 days. The specimens with 1 and 5% Cu-MBGN had the highest FS, FM, MH, and DC values at 28 days, while controls with 45S5 bioactive glass had the lowest FM, FS, and MH. DC was high for all materials (83.7–93.0%). Cu-MBGN composites with silica have a potential for clinical implementation due to high DC and good mechanical properties with adequate resistance to aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Dental Materials)
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