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Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 32955

Special Issue Editors

Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
Interests: prosthesis; prosthodontics; material sciences; oral surgery; tissue engineering; biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07021 Sassari, Italy
Interests: dental implant; occlusion; bone atrophy; peri-implantitis; guided surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dental Implant treatment represents today a safe and predictable method for managing edentulous jaw, giving patients the opportunity of having fixed prosthodontics. Long-term clinical studies have recently demonstrated how the clinical success of this kind of treatment is related to the osteointegration phases and to the oral health of the patients. Therefore, the digital solution applied to dentistry, medicine and the surgical technique is aimed at reducing patients’ discomfort and having a quick and easy solution for performing surgeries. The introduction of new aesthetic materials, together with a whole range of digital devices (intraoral, extraoral, face scanners and cone beam computed tomography scans), processing software, and powerful manufacturing and prototyping tools (milling machines and 3D printers) are radically transforming the dental profession. In this vision, modern digital dentistry is changing workflows and, consequently, operating procedures. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide strong evidence for the new treatment opportunities for dental implants. Clinical research as well as new devices, technologies and materials related to dental implants are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Marco Cicciu
Dr. Marco Tallarico
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • dental implants
  • dental materials
  • digital workflow
  • aesthetics
  • patient-centered outcomes
  • long-term results

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4027 KiB  
Article
Contour Analysis of Three-Dimensional Peri-Implant Mucosal Model as an Endpoint Analysis of Photofunctionalization Effects on Implant Abutment Materials
by Masfueh Razali, Wen Lin Chai, Ros Anita Omar and Wei Cheong Ngeow
Materials 2023, 16(16), 5529; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16165529 - 09 Aug 2023
Viewed by 660
Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of photofunctionalization on the soft-tissue contour formed at the interface of various abutment materials using end-point analyses obtained from the three-dimensional oral mucosal model (3D-OMMs). Methods: Commercially pure titanium (CPTi), alumina-toughened zirconia [...] Read more.
Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of photofunctionalization on the soft-tissue contour formed at the interface of various abutment materials using end-point analyses obtained from the three-dimensional oral mucosal model (3D-OMMs). Methods: Commercially pure titanium (CPTi), alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ), and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) made into discs shapes were classified into two groups: UV-treated (PTx) and non-treated (NTx). The materials in PTx groups were exposed to UV light for 12 min. Human gingival fibroblasts and TR146 epithelial cell lines co-cultured on the acellular dermal membrane were used to construct the 3D-OMM. After 4 days of culture, the discs were inserted into the holes prepared within the membrane of 3D-OMMs. The contour formed by the tissue was evaluated after 14 days of culture. Results: The UV treatment of abutment materials resulted in the formation of more non-pocket-tissue types among the PTx group (p = 0.002). Of all materials tested, soft tissue contour around YSZ showed higher scores for the non-pocket type in both non- and UV-treated groups. Conclusions: The non-pocket type of tissue attachment was frequently found in all surfaces modified by photofunctionalization, particularly zirconia. The 3D-OMM can be used to evaluate the biological endpoints of implant surface modifications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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15 pages, 4888 KiB  
Article
Influence of Multiple Used Implant Drills on Their Cutting Performance and Fracture Resistance
by Vasilios Alevizakos, Richard Mosch and Constantin von See
Materials 2023, 16(15), 5271; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16155271 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 749
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the influence of multiple uses of zirconia implant drills on their cutting performance and bending strength. The hypothesis was that drill usage and sterilization cycles would not affect drilling time or flexural strength. Sixty zirconia twist drills from [...] Read more.
This study aimed to analyze the influence of multiple uses of zirconia implant drills on their cutting performance and bending strength. The hypothesis was that drill usage and sterilization cycles would not affect drilling time or flexural strength. Sixty zirconia twist drills from Z-Systems were used to drill in the angulus mandibulae region of fresh porcine jaws. The drills were divided into four groups based on the cycle count, and the drilling time was measured. Bending strength tests were conducted using a universal testing machine, and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA tests. The results showed that drilling times followed a normal distribution, and significant differences were observed in drilling times between group 1 and the other groups for the pilot drill. However, no significant differences were found for ø3.75 mm and ø4.25 mm drills, and drilling times also varied significantly among different drill diameters, regardless of the cycle count. Flexural strength did not significantly differ among drill diameters or sterilization cycles. Overall, using and sterilizing zirconia implant drills had no significant impact on drilling time or flexural strength. Nevertheless, drilling times did vary depending on the diameter of the drill. These findings provide valuable insights into the performance and durability of zirconia implant drills, contributing to the optimization of dental implant procedures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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15 pages, 3907 KiB  
Article
Effect of Antirotational Two-Piece Titanium Base on the Vertical Misfit, Fatigue Behavior, Stress Concentration, and Fracture Load of Implant-Supported Zirconia Crowns
by Dario Adolfi, Manassés Tercio Vieira Grangeiro, Pietro Ausiello, Marco Antonio Bottino and João Paulo Mendes Tribst
Materials 2023, 16(13), 4848; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16134848 - 06 Jul 2023
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Abstract
This study investigated the effects of antirotational titanium bases on the mechanical behavior of CAD/CAM titanium bases used for implant-supported prostheses. The aim was to assess the impact on the marginal fit, fatigue behavior, stress concentration, and fracture load of implant-supported CAD/CAM zirconia [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effects of antirotational titanium bases on the mechanical behavior of CAD/CAM titanium bases used for implant-supported prostheses. The aim was to assess the impact on the marginal fit, fatigue behavior, stress concentration, and fracture load of implant-supported CAD/CAM zirconia crowns. Forty titanium implants were divided into two groups: those with antirotational titanium bases (ARs) and those with rotational titanium bases (RTs). Torque loosening and vertical misfit were evaluated before and after cyclic fatigue testing (200 N, 2 Hz, 2 × 106 cycles). Fracture resistance was assessed using a universal testing machine (1 mm/min, 1000 kgf), and failed specimens were examined with microscopy. Three-dimensional models were created, and FEA was used to calculate stress. Statistical analysis was performed on the in vitro test data using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (α = 0.5). Results show that the presence of an antirotational feature between the implant and titanium base reduced preload loss and stress concentration compared to rotational titanium bases. However, there were no differences in vertical misfit and resistance to compressive load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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15 pages, 6270 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of Zirconium and Titanium Implants under the Effect of Critical Masticatory Load
by Miguel Martinez-Mondragon, Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa, Beatriz Romero-Ángeles, Daniel Maya-Anaya, Jacobo Martínez-Reyes, Francisco Javier Gallegos-Funes and Guillermo Manuel Urriolagoitia-Calderón
Materials 2022, 15(21), 7843; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15217843 - 07 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1555
Abstract
Dental implants have become an alternative to replace the teeth of people suffering from edentulous and meet the physiological and morphological characteristics (recovering 95% of the chewing function). The evolution and innovation of biomaterials for dental implants have had a trajectory that dates [...] Read more.
Dental implants have become an alternative to replace the teeth of people suffering from edentulous and meet the physiological and morphological characteristics (recovering 95% of the chewing function). The evolution and innovation of biomaterials for dental implants have had a trajectory that dates back to prehistory, where dental pieces were replaced by ivory or seashells, to the present day, where they are replaced by metallic materials such as titanium or ceramics such as zirconium or fiberglass. The numerical evaluation focuses on comparing the stress distribution and general displacement between different dental implants and a healthy tooth when applying a force of 850 N. For the analysis, a model of the anatomical structure was developed of a healthy tooth considering three essential parts of the tooth (enamel, dentin, and pulp). The tooth biomodel was established through computed tomography. Three dental implant models were considered by changing the geometry of the abutment. A structural simulation was carried out by applying the finite element method (FEM). In addition, the material considered for the analyses was zirconium oxide (ZrO2), which was compared against titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). The analyses were considered with linear, isotropic, and homogeneous properties. The variables included in the biomodeling were the modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, density, and elastic limit. The results obtained from the study indicated a significant difference in the biomechanical behavior of the von Mises forces and the displacement between the healthy tooth and the titanium and zirconium implant models. However, the difference between the titanium implant and the zirconium implant is minimal because one is more rigid, and the other is more tenacious. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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15 pages, 4260 KiB  
Article
Histomorphometry of Bone after Intentionally Exposed Non-Resorbable d-PTFE Membrane or Guided Bone Regeneration for the Treatment of Post-Extractive Alveolar Bone Defects with Implant-Supported Restorations: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
by Roberto Luongo, Marco Tallarico, Elena Canciani, Daniele Graziano, Claudia Dellavia, Marco Gargari, Francesco Mattia Ceruso, Dario Melodia and Luigi Canullo
Materials 2022, 15(17), 5838; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15175838 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1647
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate quantitative histological examination of bone reconstructed with non-resorbable high-density polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (d-PTFE), left intentionally exposed in post extraction sockets grafted with anorganic bone material, and removed after four weeks, versus extraction and [...] Read more.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate quantitative histological examination of bone reconstructed with non-resorbable high-density polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (d-PTFE), left intentionally exposed in post extraction sockets grafted with anorganic bone material, and removed after four weeks, versus extraction and guided bone regeneration (GBR), performed two months later. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a multicenter randomized controlled trial of parallel-group design. Patients were selected and consecutively treated in three centers in Italy. Patients randomly received intentionally exposed non-resorbable d-PTFE membrane (group A), or guided bone regeneration (group B), to treat post-extractive alveolar bone defects with implant-supported restorations. Outcomes were: the implant failure, any mechanical and biological complications, patient satisfaction, and qualitative and histomorphometric evaluation of the collected bone samples. Results: Eighteen patients were consecutively enrolled in the trial. Of these, six out of 18 patients were male. All the included patients were treated according to the allocated interventions, and no drop out occurred. No implant failure and no complications were experienced, and all the patients were fully satisfied with the function and aesthetic of their implant-supported restoration, without difference between groups. Morphological analysis revealed no sign of tissue reaction, such as fibrosis or necrosis. Regenerated bone was well mineralized in both groups, but it seemed more mature in group B than in group A. Three samples showed a minimal number of lymphocytes. Several blood vessels of small size occupied the medullary spaces, where the tissue resulted in more maturity, indicating the activity of the tissue in progress. The histomorphometric evaluation showed no statistically significant differences in the tissue volume fractions between the two groups of patients. Conclusions: With the limitation of the present study, buccal plate reconstruction with an intentionally exposed non-resorbable membrane is an effective and easy procedure for regenerating a resorbed buccal bone plate, reducing the need for guided bone regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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12 pages, 12040 KiB  
Article
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Guided Bone Regeneration for Peri-Implant Dehiscence Defects with Two Anorganic Bovine Bone Materials Covered by Titanium Meshes
by JaeHyung Lim, Sang Ho Jun, Marco Tallarico, Jun-Beom Park, Dae-Ho Park, Kyung-Gyun Hwang and Chang-Joo Park
Materials 2022, 15(15), 5294; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15155294 - 01 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2311
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare two low-temperature sintered anorganic bovine bone materials (ABBMs), Bio-Oss (Geistlich, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and A-Oss (Osstem, Seoul, Korea), for GBR in dehiscence defects. A single implant was placed simultaneously with GBR in the buccal or bucco-proximal [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to compare two low-temperature sintered anorganic bovine bone materials (ABBMs), Bio-Oss (Geistlich, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and A-Oss (Osstem, Seoul, Korea), for GBR in dehiscence defects. A single implant was placed simultaneously with GBR in the buccal or bucco-proximal osseous defect by double-layering of inner allograft and outer ABBM, covered by a preformed ultrafine titanium mesh and an absorbable collagen membrane. Grafted volume changes were evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography, taken preoperatively (T0), immediately after implant surgery (T1), after re-entry surgery (T2), and after delivery of the final restoration (T3). The density of the regenerated bone was assessed by measuring the probing depth on the buccal mid-center of the mesh after removing the mesh at T2. Postoperative sequelae were also recorded. Grafted volume shrinkage of 46.0% (0.78 ± 0.37 cc) and 40.8% (0.79 ± 0.33 cc) in the Bio-Oss group (8 patients) and A-Oss group (8 patients), respectively, was observed at T3 (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in grafted volume changes according to time periods or bone density between the two groups. Despite postoperative mesh exposure (3 patients), premature removal of these exposed meshes and additional grafting was not necessary, and all implants were functional over the 1-year follow-up period. Both ABBMs with titanium meshes showed no significant difference in the quantity and density of the regenerated bone after GBR for peri-implant defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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10 pages, 2776 KiB  
Article
An Evaluation of the Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Peri-Implant Bone Healing of Implants with Different Surfaces: An In Vivo Study
by Pier Paolo Poli, Laís Kawamata de Jesus, Ulisses Ribeiro Campos Dayube, Henrique Hadad, Caroline Loureiro, Fernando Yamamoto Chiba, Thayane Silveira Mata Furtado, Maísa Pereira Silva, Roberta Okamoto, Carlo Maiorana, Paulo Sergio Perri de Carvalho and Francisley Ávila Souza
Materials 2022, 15(13), 4371; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15134371 - 21 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1625
Abstract
(1) Background: This study evaluates the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on the peri-implant bone healing of implants with a machined surface (MS) and treated surface (TS). (2) Methods: Topographic characterization of the surfaces (scanning electron microscopy [SEM]- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy [EDX]) [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This study evaluates the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on the peri-implant bone healing of implants with a machined surface (MS) and treated surface (TS). (2) Methods: Topographic characterization of the surfaces (scanning electron microscopy [SEM]- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy [EDX]) was performed before and after implant removal. Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: MS and TS groups (without PBM therapy) and LMS and LTS groups (with PBM therapy). After implant placement, the stability coefficient (ISQ) was measured. In the periods of 21 and 42 days, the ISQ was measured again, followed by biomechanical analysis. (3) Results: The surfaces of the TS implants showed topographic differences compared with MS implants. The ISQ values of the LMS were statistically significant when compared with those of the MS at 42 days (p < 0.001). The removal torque values of the LMS were statistically significant when compared with those of the MS at 21 days (p = 0.023) and 42 days (p = 0.023). For SEM, in general, the LMS, TS and LTS presented high bone tissue coverage when compared to MS. (4) Conclusions: The PBM therapy modulated the osseointegration process and was evidenced mainly on the machined surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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15 pages, 2841 KiB  
Article
Sealing Efficacy of the Original and Third-Party Custom-Made Abutments—Microbiological In Vitro Pilot Study
by Igor Smojver, Roko Bjelica, Amir Ćatić, Ana Budimir, Marko Vuletić and Dragana Gabrić
Materials 2022, 15(4), 1597; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15041597 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1961
Abstract
Implant–abutment connection (IAC) is a key factor for the long-term success and stability of implant-supported prosthodontic restoration and its surrounding tissues. Misfit between prosthodontic abutment and implant at the IAC leads to technical and biological complications. Two kinds of prosthodontic abutments are currently [...] Read more.
Implant–abutment connection (IAC) is a key factor for the long-term success and stability of implant-supported prosthodontic restoration and its surrounding tissues. Misfit between prosthodontic abutment and implant at the IAC leads to technical and biological complications. Two kinds of prosthodontic abutments are currently available on the market: original and third-party abutments. The aim of this pilot study was to test and compare the internal fit (gap) at the implant–abutment interface depending on the abutment fabrication method based on microbial leakage in static conditions and the need for the use of gap sealing material. Two groups of 40 implants were formed on the basis of the type of abutment. In each of the groups of two implant systems, two subgroups of 10 implants were formed. The tested subgroups consisted of 10 implants with sealing material and a negative control subgroups consisting of 10 implants without any sealing material. The test material, GapSeal (Hager and Werken, Duisburg, Germany) was applied in the test subgroups. The implant–abutment assemblies were contaminated with a solution containing Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans for 14 days under aerobic conditions. Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference regarding the microbial leakage between the original and third-party custom-made abutments, regardless of the use of sealing material. It can be concluded that the abutment fabrication method has no significant influence on sealing efficacy regarding the bacterial and fungal leakage in static conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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11 pages, 1815 KiB  
Article
Comparison between Early Loaded Single Implants with Internal Conical Connection or Implants with Transmucosal Neck Design: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial with 1-Year Clinical, Aesthetics, and Radiographic Evaluation
by Francesco Mattia Ceruso, Irene Ieria, Marco Tallarico, Silvio Mario Meloni, Aurea Immacolata Lumbau, Alessandro Mastroianni, Alessio Zotti and Marco Gargari
Materials 2022, 15(2), 511; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15020511 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3301
Abstract
To evaluate the implant and prosthetic of two implants with different surfaces and neck design. Enrolled patients received bone level, 12° conical connection implants (Nobel Parallel, Nobel Biocare; NOBEL group) with anodized surface (TiUnite) and roughness of 1.35 μm, or transmucosal implant system [...] Read more.
To evaluate the implant and prosthetic of two implants with different surfaces and neck design. Enrolled patients received bone level, 12° conical connection implants (Nobel Parallel, Nobel Biocare; NOBEL group) with anodized surface (TiUnite) and roughness of 1.35 μm, or transmucosal implant system (Prama, Sweden and Martina; PRAMA group) with convergent collar, ZIrTi surface, and roughness 1.4–1.7 μm. Both implants were made of pure grade IV titanium, with similar diameter and length, chosen according to the dentistry department availability and patient’s request. After early prosthesis delivery, patients were filled for at least one year. Outcome measures were: implant and prosthetic survival and success rates, physiological marginal bone remodeling, periodontal parameters and pink esthetic score (PES). Results: Fifteen patients were allocated and treated in each group. At the one-year follow-up, three patients dropped out, one in the NOBEL group and two in the PRAMA group. During the entire time of investigation, all implants survived and the prostheses were successful. No statistically significant differences were found in term of marginal bone loss, periodontal parameters, and aesthetics (p > 0.05). Conclusion: With the limitations of the present study, both implant systems showed successful clinical results. Finally, many other clinical and surgical variables may influenced marginal bone levels, implant survival, and periodontal parameters. More homogenous clinical trials with larger samples are needed to confirm these preliminary conclusions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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16 pages, 7775 KiB  
Article
Histological and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Post-Extractive Sites Filled with a New Bone Substitute with or without Autologous Plate Concentrates: One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial
by Marco Tallarico, Erta Xhanari, Aurea Maria Immacolata Lumbau, Adela Alushi, Irene Ieria, Luca Fiorillo, Fausto Famà, Agron Meto, Edoardo Baldoni, Silvio Mario Meloni and Marco Cicciù
Materials 2022, 15(1), 254; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15010254 - 29 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1763
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the histological and histomorphometric characteristics of post-extraction sites grafted with decellularized bovine compact bone from bovine femur, mixed and unmixed with leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin after four months of healing. This study was designed [...] Read more.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the histological and histomorphometric characteristics of post-extraction sites grafted with decellularized bovine compact bone from bovine femur, mixed and unmixed with leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin after four months of healing. This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial of parallel groups. Patients in need of a single, implant-supported restoration to replace a hopeless tooth were recruited for tooth extraction and implant placement four months after socket preservation procedure. After tooth extraction, patients were randomly allocated to receive decellularized bovine compact bone from bovine femur, mixed and unmixed with leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin. After four months of healing, tapered implants were inserted with an insertion torque between 35 and 45 Ncm. Two months later, implants were loaded with screw-retained definitive crowns. Outcome measures were implant (ISR) and prosthesis (PSR) survival rates, complications, histological and histomorphometric analyses, radiographic marginal bone-level changes, and patients’ satisfaction. Clinical data were collected up to one year after tooth extraction and socket preservation procedures. Thirty patients were consecutively enrolled in the trial (15 in each group). Unfortunately, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, bone samples were collected only in 19 patients. Two implants failed before definitive prosthesis delivery (ISR 93.3%). No prosthesis failed (PSR 100%). Three complications were experienced in the control group. The mean bone percentage was 40.64 ± 18.76 in the test group and 33.40 ± 22.38 in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.4846). The mean soft tissue percentage was 32.55 ± 19.45 in the test group and 55.23 ± 17.64 in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0235). The mean residual graft was 24.59 ± 18.39 in the test group and 11.37 ± 12.12 in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.0992). Mean marginal bone loss, as well as patient satisfaction, showed no differences between groups. With the limitations of the present study, socket preservation with L-PRF mixed with decellularized bovine compact bone demonstrated favorable results, comparing with decellularized bovine compact bone from bovine femur alone. Further studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these preliminary results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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12 pages, 2263 KiB  
Article
Aesthetic Outcomes of Early Occlusal Loaded SLA Dental Implants with Hydroxyl Ion Modified Surface—A 12 Months Prospective Study
by Maciej Krawiec, Jakub Hadzik, Cyprian Olchowy, Marzena Dominiak and Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross
Materials 2021, 14(21), 6353; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14216353 - 24 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1644
Abstract
Background: Many efforts have been made recently to arrange a newer, more hydrophilic and more osteoconductive implant surface. One of the possible options in this matter is modification with hydroxyl ion. Materials and Methods: Forty implants with the diameters 3.5 and 4.0 mm [...] Read more.
Background: Many efforts have been made recently to arrange a newer, more hydrophilic and more osteoconductive implant surface. One of the possible options in this matter is modification with hydroxyl ion. Materials and Methods: Forty implants with the diameters 3.5 and 4.0 mm were inserted as a single missing tooth restoration protocol in the frontal aspect of the maxilla. All implants were loaded early in a 4 week period. Prior to and during the surgery, the following indices were considered: height of keratinized tissue, the thickness of soft tissue, and the initial level of bone tissue. After 12 months, the implant and the tissues in its direct vicinity were evaluated once more with the following indices: marginal bone loss (MBL), height of keratinized tissue (HKT), probing pocket depth (PPD), pink and white aesthetics scores (PES, WES), as well as pain sensations combined with the procedure (VAS). All results were related to the diameter of the implant and thickness of periodontal biotype. Results: High aesthetic outcomes were reported regardless of soft tissue thickness and implant diameter. The VAS score was higher for the 4.0 implant group, and the thickness of soft tissue had no influence on VAS. In case of implantation in thin or soft tissue, higher MBL levels were reported (0.26 mm), while in case of a thick phenotype, MBL was 0.06 mm. Conclusions: Hydrophilic surface implants can be used for a protocol of early functional occlusal loading. The initial thickness of soft tissue does not influence aesthetic outcomes and does not raise pain perception, although it may elevate crestal bone resorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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Review

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16 pages, 3242 KiB  
Review
Diabetes Mellitus and Dental Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Yasmin Al Ansari, Halime Shahwan and Bruno Ramos Chrcanovic
Materials 2022, 15(9), 3227; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15093227 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3411
Abstract
The present review aimed to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus on dental implant failure rates and marginal bone loss (MBL). An electronic search was undertaken in three databases, plus a manual search of journals. Meta-analyses were performed as well as meta-regressions in [...] Read more.
The present review aimed to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus on dental implant failure rates and marginal bone loss (MBL). An electronic search was undertaken in three databases, plus a manual search of journals. Meta-analyses were performed as well as meta-regressions in order to verify how the odds ratio (OR) and MBL were associated with follow-up time. The review included 89 publications. Altogether, there were 5510 and 62,780 implants placed in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, respectively. Pairwise meta-analysis showed that implants in diabetic patients had a higher failure risk in comparison to non-diabetic patients (OR 1.777, p < 0.001). Implant failures were more likely to occur in type 1 diabetes patients than in type 2 (OR 4.477, p = 0.032). The difference in implant failure between the groups was statistically significant in the maxilla but not in the mandible. The MBL mean difference (MD) between the groups was 0.776 mm (p = 0.027), with an estimated increase of 0.032 mm in the MBL MD between groups for every additional month of follow-up (p < 0.001). There was an estimated decrease of 0.007 in OR for every additional month of follow-up (p = 0.048). In conclusion, implants in diabetic patients showed a 77.7% higher risk of failure than in non-diabetic patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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18 pages, 7304 KiB  
Review
Endosseous Dental Implant Materials and Clinical Outcomes of Different Alloys: A Systematic Review
by Luca Fiorillo, Marco Cicciù, Tolga Fikret Tozum, Matteo Saccucci, Cristiano Orlando, Giovanni Luca Romano, Cesare D’Amico and Gabriele Cervino
Materials 2022, 15(5), 1979; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15051979 - 07 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3412
Abstract
In recent years, implantology has made significant progress, as it has now become a safe and predictable practice. The development of new geometries, primary and secondary, of new surfaces and alloys, has made this possible. The purpose of this review is to analyze [...] Read more.
In recent years, implantology has made significant progress, as it has now become a safe and predictable practice. The development of new geometries, primary and secondary, of new surfaces and alloys, has made this possible. The purpose of this review is to analyze the different alloys present on the market, such as that in zirconia, and evaluate their clinical differences with those most commonly used, such as those in grade IV titanium. The review, conducted on major scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and MDPI yielded a startling number of 305 results. After the application of the filters and the evaluation of the results in the review, only 10 Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) were included. Multiple outcomes were considered, such as Marginal Bone Level (MBL), Bleeding on Probing (BoP), Survival Rate, Success Rate and parameters related to aesthetic and prosthetic factors. There are currently no statistically significant differences between the use of zirconia implants and titanium implants, neither for fixed prosthetic restorations nor for overdenture restorations. Only the cases reported complain about the rigidity and, therefore, the possibility of fracture of the zirconium. Certainly the continuous improvement in these materials will ensure that they could be used safely while maintaining their high aesthetic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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30 pages, 2918 KiB  
Systematic Review
Evaluation of Retention, Wear, and Maintenance of Attachment Systems for Single- or Two-Implant-Retained Mandibular Overdentures: A Systematic Review
by Raphaël Wakam, Aurélie Benoit, Kwamivi Bernardin Mawussi and Caroline Gorin
Materials 2022, 15(5), 1933; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15051933 - 04 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6218
Abstract
Attachment systems (AS) enhance retention and stability by anchoring the overdentures to implants. Since 2002, the McGill consensus statement recommends the 2-implant-retained overdentures as the standard choice for edentulous mandible (2-IRMO). Considering the large number of AS available, it remains difficult for a [...] Read more.
Attachment systems (AS) enhance retention and stability by anchoring the overdentures to implants. Since 2002, the McGill consensus statement recommends the 2-implant-retained overdentures as the standard choice for edentulous mandible (2-IRMO). Considering the large number of AS available, it remains difficult for a practitioner to make a reasoned choice. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed/Medline and carried out independently by three authors, on retention, wear, and maintenance of AS used clinically or in vitro specifically for 1- or 2-IRMO. The 45 selected studies include 14 clinical and 31 in vitro studies. The risk of bias was evaluated according to the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The initial retention force of the cylindrical system is higher than the ball system. The retention loss, related to the wear of the retention device, is responsible for the most common need of maintenance, requiring activation or replacement. Plastic retention devices wear out faster and more significantly than metal ones, implying a worse time behavior of cylindrical systems, but their maintenance rate is similar. Neither system appears categorically superior. Cylindrical systems provide higher initial retention than ball ones; this advantage reduces over time with wear without affecting their need for maintenance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Implants and Materials (Second Volume))
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