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Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2023) | Viewed by 18459

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Irena Jankowska-Sumara

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Guest Editor

Department of Ferroics, Institute of Physics, Cracow Pedagogical University, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
Interests: solid state physics (ferroelectric physics); dynamics of phase transformations in antiferroelectrics; piezoelectricity; light scattering; crystal structure

Dr. Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak

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Guest Editor

Department of Ferroics, Institute of Physics, Cracow Pedagogical University, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
Interests: ferroics; electrocaloric effect; ceramics; phase transition; energy conversion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced ceramic materials today enable applications that were virtually unimaginable just yesterday. Because of their unique material properties, ceramics are considered one of the most efficient materials of our time. Ceramic dielectric materials are used to manufacture microelectronic devices. Piezoelectric elements have been used for many years in radio electronics and microprocessor devices. Ferroelectric materials are widely used in various devices, such as memory elements, piezoelectric/electrostrictive transducers and actuators, pyroelectric infrared detectors, optical integrated circuits, and optical display devices. The switchable spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric materials confers upon them many useful properties with an extraordinarily wide range of applicability. Pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects continue to attract tremendous interest. In recent studies, it appears that ferroelectric materials are excellent candidates for modern cooling devices as electrocaloric materials.

In this call, we welcome contributions in the field of the latest developments in advanced dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials, high strain high performance piezo- and ferroelectric ceramics, novel processing and new materials, and novel properties of ferroelectrics and related materials.

Scientists working in a wide range of disciplines are invited to contribute to this issue.

Prof. Dr. Irena Jankowska-Sumara
Dr. Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

piezoelectric effect
electrostriction
pyroelectric effect
electrocaloric effect
electrooptic effect
sensors
actuators
electroceramics
high energy capacitors
capacitors

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 174 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue: Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric, and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications

by Irena Jankowska-Sumara and Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak

Materials 2022, 15(15), 5118; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15155118 - 23 Jul 2022

Viewed by 990

Abstract

Materials Physics: Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric, and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and their Applications is an open Special Issue of Materials, which aims to publish original and review papers on new scientific and applied research and make great contributions to the identification and understanding of ceramic and crystalline materials which today enable applications that were previously virtually unimaginable [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 4717 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak, Irena Jankowska-Sumara, Przemysław Gwizd, Marceli Koralewski and Andrzej Soszyński

Materials 2023, 16(1), 413; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16010413 - 01 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1255

Abstract

In this paper, we studied some ferroelectric properties of archetypal oxide uniaxial ferroelectric single crystals of Pb₅Ge₃O₁₁ modified by Ba ions. They include dielectric, DSC, ferroelectric polarization, and electrocaloric effect (ECE) measurements. The measurements show that increasing Ba doping considerably influences all the measured parameters, mainly by lowering the Curie temperature, gradually diffusing the phase transition, and decreasing values of polarization as well as the coercive field. The decrease in overall ECE is influenced by decreasing polarization. Compared with the pure PGO single crystals, this decrease is from 1.2 K to 0.2 K. However, the effect of diffusing the phase transition increases the range of its occurrence (up to 30 K), which might be beneficial in applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

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20 pages, 6065 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Structural Phase Transitions and Thermal Degradation Process of MAPbCl₃ Single Crystals Studied by Raman and Brillouin Scattering

by Furqanul Hassan Naqvi and Jae-Hyeon Ko

Materials 2022, 15(22), 8151; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15228151 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1677

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy was applied to MAPbCl₃ single crystals in a wide frequency range from 10 to 3500 cm⁻¹ over a broad temperature range from −196 °C to 200 °C including both two structural phase transitions and a thermal degradation range. Low-frequency lattice modes of MAPbCl₃ were revealed for the first time, which showed discontinuous anomalies along with the change in the number of Raman modes at the transition points of −114 °C and −110 °C. Several Raman modes related to the C–N stretching and MA rocking modes in addition to the lattice modes displayed temperature dependences similar to those of MAPbBr₃ in both Raman shifts and half widths, indicating that the MA cation arrangement and H–halide bond interactions behave similarly in both systems during the phase transition. The substantial increase in the half widths of nearly all Raman modes especially suggests that the dynamic disorder caused by the free rotational motions of MA cations induces significant anharmonicity in the lattice and thus, reduces the phonon lifetimes. High-temperature Raman and Brillouin scattering measurements showed that the spectral features changed drastically at ~200 °C where the thermal decomposition of MAPbCl₃ into PbCl₂ began. This result exhibits that combined Raman and Brillouin spectroscopic techniques can be a useful tool in monitoring temperature-induced or temporal changes in lead-based halide perovskite materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

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11 pages, 2678 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improved Mechanical Amplification of Monolithic PZT and PZT Composite via Optimized Honeycomb Macrostructures

by Franziska Eichhorn, Julia Bytomski, Markus Gerauer, Ken-ichi Kakimoto and Tobias Fey

Materials 2022, 15(22), 7893; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15227893 - 08 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1134

Abstract

Honeycomb-based, modular composites with a relative density of 0.3948 and a slenderness ratio L_ges/t of 6.48 were fabricated on PZT building blocks connected with a PZT-filled phenyl silicone resin. The macro- and micro-structure, phase composition, and the interface between the two materials were analyzed by SEM and image analysis techniques. The mechanical in-plane strain response was determined with uniaxial compression tests and the transversal piezoelectric strain response was determined by applying an electric field. These deformations were analyzed by a 2D digital image correlation analysis to calculate the mechanical strain amplification of monolithic and composite PZT lattice structures. Compared to bulk PZT, the piezoelectric strain amplification in the Y-direction |a_y^piezo| was higher by a factor of 69 for the composite and by a factor of 12 for the monolithic cellular PZT lattice, when it was assumed that the ratio of the deformation of the bulk material to bulk material was 1. The mechanical amplification of the composite lattices increased up to 73 and that of the cellular PZT lattices decreased to 12. Special focus was given to the fracture behavior and the interface of the PZT/PZT-filled phenyl silicone resin interface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

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11 pages, 3800 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Annealing-Dependent Morphotropic Phase Boundary in the BiMg_0.5Ti_0.5O₃–BiZn_0.5Ti_0.5O₃ Perovskite System

by João Pedro V. Cardoso, Vladimir V. Shvartsman, Anatoli V. Pushkarev, Yuriy V. Radyush, Nikolai M. Olekhnovich, Dmitry D. Khalyavin, Erik Čižmár, Alexander Feher and Andrei N. Salak

Materials 2022, 15(19), 6998; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15196998 - 09 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1267

Abstract

The annealing behavior of (1-x)BiMg_0.5Ti_0.5O₃–xBiZn_0.5Ti_0.5O₃ [(1-x)BMT–xBZT] perovskite solid solutions synthesized under high pressure was studied in situ via X-ray diffraction and piezoresponse force microscopy. The as prepared ceramics show a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the non-polar orthorhombic and ferroelectric tetragonal states at 75 mol. % BZT. It is shown that annealing above 573 K results in irreversible changes in the phase diagram. Namely, for compositions with 0.2 < x < 0.6, the initial orthorhombic phase transforms into a ferroelectric rhombohedral phase. The new MPB between the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases lies at a lower BZT content of 60 mol. %. The phase diagram of the BMT–BZT annealed ceramics is formally analogous to that of the commercial piezoelectric material lead zirconate titanate. This makes the BMT–BZT system promising for the development of environmentally friendly piezoelectric ceramics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

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12 pages, 5057 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Ultrahigh Piezoelectric Strains in PbZr_1−xTi_xO₃ Single Crystals with Controlled Ti Content Close to the Tricritical Point

by Iwona Lazar, Roger William Whatmore, Andrzej Majchrowski, Anthony Mike Glazer, Dariusz Kajewski, Janusz Koperski, Andrzej Soszyński, Julita Piecha, Barbara Loska and Krystian Roleder

Materials 2022, 15(19), 6708; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15196708 - 27 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1302

Abstract

Intensive investigations of PbZr_1-xTi_xO₃ (PZT) materials with the ABO₃ perovskite structure are connected with their extraordinary piezoelectric properties. Especially well known are PZT ceramics at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB), with x~0.48, whose applications are the most numerous among ferroelectrics. These piezoelectric properties are often obtained by doping with various ions at the B sites. Interestingly, we have found similar properties for undoped PZT single crystals with low Ti content, for which we have confirmed the existence of the tricritical point near x~0.06. For a PbZr_{0.95 ± 0.01}Ti_0.05_{∓ 0.01}O₃ crystal, we describe the ultrahigh strain, dielectric, optical and piezoelectric properties. We interpret the ultrahigh strain observed in the region of the antiferroelectric–ferroelectric transition as an inverse piezoelectric effect generated by the coexistence of domains of different symmetries. The complex domain coexistence was confirmed by determining optical indicatrix orientations in domains. The piezoelectric coefficient in this region reached an extremely high value of 5000 pm/V. We also verified that the properties of the PZT single crystals from the region near the tricritical point are incredibly susceptible to a slight deviation in the Ti content. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

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14 pages, 4993 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

An Overview of Some Nonpiezoelectric Properties of BaTiO₃ Ceramics Doped by Eu Ions

by Magdalena Krupska-Klimczak, Przemyslaw Gwizd, Irena Jankowska-Sumara, Dorota Sitko and Piotr Jeleń

Materials 2022, 15(15), 5363; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15155363 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1531

Abstract

Ferroelectric ceramics BaTiO₃:x%Eu (x = 0, 0.1, 1, 2, 3) were synthesized by a conventional method. Structural investigation confirmed that all ceramics possessed tetragonal (P4mm) symmetries at room temperature for the undoped ceramics as well as for the doped ceramics. Furthermore, a slight downshifting of the Curie temperature (T_C) with an increasing Eu³⁺ doping amount has been noted. The Raman spectra unveiled the existence of new modes for higher-doped BaTiO₃:x%Eu (BTEx) which are related to local disorders and defects. The ferroelectric properties were found to depend on both doping and the microstructure. The electrocaloric effect was also studied for those ceramics. It was observed that ΔT decreases with doping; however, the temperature range of its occurrence widens considerably. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

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12 pages, 1624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of the Elastic, Piezoelectric, and Dielectric Properties of Lithium Niobate from 25 °C to 900 °C Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Resonance Method

by Sevan Bouchy, Ricardo J. Zednik and Pierre Bélanger

Materials 2022, 15(13), 4716; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15134716 - 05 Jul 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1701

Abstract

Lithium niobate (LiNbO

_{3}

Lithium niobate (LiNbO

_{3}

) is known for its high Curie temperature, making it an attractive candidate for high-temperature piezoelectric applications (>200 °C); however, the literature suffers from a paucity of reliable material properties data at high temperatures. This paper therefore provides a complete set of elastic and piezoelectric coefficients, as well as complex dielectric constants and the electrical conductivity, for congruent monocrystalline LiNbO

_{3}

from 25 °C to 900 °C at atmospheric pressure. An inverse approach using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) resonance method was used to determine the materials’ coefficients and constants. Single crystal Y-cut and Z-cut samples were used to estimate the twelve coefficients defining the electromechanical coupling of LiNbO

_{3}

. We employed an analytical model inversion to calculate the coefficients based on a linear superposition of nine different bulk acoustic waves (three longitudinal waves and six shear waves), in addition to considering the thermal expansion of the crystal. The results are reported and compared with those of other studies for which the literature has available values. The dominant piezoelectric stress constant was found to be

e_{15}

, which remained virtually constant between 25 °C and 600 °C; thereafter, it decreased by approximately 10% between 600 °C and 900 °C. The elastic stiffness coefficients

c_{11}^{E}

c_{12}^{E}

, and

c_{33}^{E}

all decreased as the temperature increased. The two dielectric constants

ϵ_{11}^{S}

and

ϵ_{33}^{S}

increased exponentially as a function of temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

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12 pages, 3911 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Isothermal Phase Transformation in Lead Zirconate

by Dariusz Kajewski, Irena Jankowska-Sumara, Jae-Hyeon Ko, Jeong Woo Lee, Syed Furqan Ul Hassan Naqvi, Rafał Sitko, Andrzej Majchrowski and Krystian Roleder

Materials 2022, 15(12), 4077; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15124077 - 08 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1544

Abstract

Lead zirconate PbZrO₃ has been the subject of research interest for several dozen years. Recently, even its antiferroelectric properties have started to be questioned, and many researchers still deal with the so-called intermediate phase below Curie temperature (T_C), whose existence is not fully understood. It turns out that PbZrO₃ doped with Nb exhibits below T_C phases with complex domain structures. One of them undergoes self-organization taking place at a constant temperature, and transforms, after several minutes, into a lower phase. This isothermal transition was investigated through dielectric, pyroelectric current and Raman scattering measurements. Discontinuities accompanied it in the permittivity and pyroelectric current. The obtained Raman spectra proved that those discontinuities are strictly linked with the isothermal transition between two intermediate phases. The ordering process in lead sublattice stimulated by thermal fluctuations is discussed as a driving force for this peculiar phenomenon. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

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23 pages, 6647 KiB

Open AccessArticle

First-Principles Calculations of Thermoelectric Transport Properties of Quaternary and Ternary Bulk Chalcogenide Crystals

by Sahib Hasan, Saro San, Khagendra Baral, Neng Li, Paul Rulis and Wai-Yim Ching

Materials 2022, 15(8), 2843; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15082843 - 13 Apr 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2921

Abstract

Chalcogenide crystals have a wide range of applications, especially as thermoelectric materials for energy conversion. Thermoelectric materials can be used to generate an electric current from a temperature gradient based on the Seebeck effect and based on the Peltier effect, and they can be used in cooling applications. Using first-principles calculations and semiclassical Boltzmann theory, we have computed the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, electronic thermal conductivity, power factor, and figure of merit of 30 chalcogenide crystals. A Quantum Espresso package is used to calculate the electronic properties and locate the Fermi level. The transport properties are then calculated using the BoltzTraP code. The 30 crystals are divided into two groups. The first group has four crystals with quaternary composition (A₂BCQ₄) (A = Tl; B = Cd, Hg; C = Si, Ge, Sn; Q = S, Se, Te). The second group contains 26 crystals with the ternary composition (A’B’Q₂) (A’ = Ag, Cu, Au, Na; B’ = B, Al, Ga, In; Q = S, Se, Te). Among these 30 chalcogenide crystals, the results for 11 crystals: Tl₂CdGeSe₄, Tl₂CdSnSe₄, Tl₂HgSiSe₄, Tl₂HgSnS₄, AuBSe₂, AuBTe₂, AuAlTe₂, AuGaTe₂, AuInTe₂, AgAlSe₂, and AgAlTe₂ are revealed for the first time. In addition, temperature-dependent transport properties of pure and doped AgSbSe₂ and AgSbTe₂ crystals with dopant compositions of AgSb_0.94Cd_0.06Te₂ and AgSbTe_1.85Se_0.15 were explored. These results provide an excellent database for bulk chalcogenides crucial for a wide range of potential applications in renewable energy fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

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14 pages, 6292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vibration Excitation and Suppression of a Composite Laminate Plate Using Piezoelectric Actuators

by Shiuh-Chuan Her and Han-Yung Chen

Materials 2022, 15(6), 2027; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15062027 - 09 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1885

Abstract

Piezoelectric (PZT) actuators bonded on a structure can be used to generate deformation and excite vibration for the shape control and vibration suppression, respectively. This article proposes a theoretical model for predicting vibrational response of a composite laminate plate with PZT actuators. The bending moment induced by the PZT actuator was obtained and applied on the composite laminate plate. Utilizing composite mechanics and plate theory, an analytical solution of the vibrational response of a composite laminate plate excited by the PZT actuator with oscillating voltage was derived. Furthermore, the finite element analysis using ANSYS software (2019 version) was carried out to compare with the proposed model with a good agreement. A parametric study was performed to investigate the influences of PZT location and frequency on the vibration. Numerical results illustrate that mode can be selectively excited provided the PZT actuator is placed in an appropriate location. Moreover, the proposed model was employed to predict the effectiveness of vibration suppression by distributed PZT actuators. The novelty of this work is that a complicated coupling problem between the composite plate and bonded PZT actuator is resolved into two simple problems, leading to a simple analytical solution for the vibrational response of a composite plate induced by PZT actuators. The proposed model has been successfully demonstrated its applications on the vibration excitation and suppression of a composite laminate plate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Ceramic and Crystalline Materials and Their Applications)

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