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Durability and Safety of Concrete Structures
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Durability and Safety of Concrete Structures

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Building Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 5626

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Javier Sánchez Montero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Eduardo Torroja Institute of Construction Sciences (IETcc-CSIC), Callede Serrano Galvache, 4, 28033 Madrid, Spain
Interests: study of corrosion mechanisms using electrochemical techniques; monitoring of structures using corrosion sensors; development of corrosion rate measurement methods; study and monitoring of repair solutions: surface inhibitors, cathodic protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Servando Chinchón-Payá

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Eduardo Torroja Ciencias de la Construcción (IETcc-CSIC), Calle de Serrano Galvache, 4, 28033 Madrid, Spain
Interests: construction materials; durability; expansive reactions; test methodologies; NDT

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The durability of construction materials is a very important object of study since it can affect the structures of which they are a part and therefore their safety. It is a field in constant evolution due to progress in manufacturing and the use of new materials and new application technologies.

The materials that compose building and civil structures can be degraded by a large set of factors, including environmental or engineering. The pathologies of concretes can manifest themselves in the appearance of cracks, pop outs, and even pieces to break off. Among the causes of the damage that may suffer are the corrosion of the reinforcements of the concrete due to the action of chlorides or carbonation, expansive reactions due to alkali–aggregate reactions, or reactions with sulphates, freeze/thaw cycles, mold and humidity, etc.

This Special Issue includes research papers that study the durability of materials and their relationship with the safety of structures.

Among others, the topics on which it will focus will be works that advance the study of the degradation of materials, test methodologies including NDT, practical cases of structure deteriorations, and repair and maintenance, as well as the modeling and simulation of processes of degradation and their influence on construction elements.

Dr. Javier Sánchez Montero
Dr. Servando Chinchón-Payá
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • concrete
  • durability
  • safety
  • structures
  • modeling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2310 KiB  
Article
Quantification of Chlorides and Sulphates on Concrete Surfaces Using Portable X-ray Fluorescence. Optimization of the Measurement Method Using Monte Carlo Simulation
by Servando Chinchón-Payá, Julio E. Torres Martín, Antonio Silva Toledo and Javier Sánchez Montero
Materials 2021, 14(24), 7892; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14247892 - 20 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1583
Abstract
A correct assessment of the pathologies that can affect a reinforced concrete structure is required in order to define the repair procedure. This work addresses the challenge of quantifying chlorides and sulphates directly on the surface of concrete. The quantification was carried out [...] Read more.
A correct assessment of the pathologies that can affect a reinforced concrete structure is required in order to define the repair procedure. This work addresses the challenge of quantifying chlorides and sulphates directly on the surface of concrete. The quantification was carried out by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis on the surface of concrete specimens at different points with portable equipment. Concrete prisms were made with different amounts of NaCl and Na2SO4. To avoid the influence of coarse aggregate, a qualitative estimate of the amount of coarse aggregate analyzed has been made, although the results show that there is no significant influence. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out in order to establish the necessary number of random analyses of the mean value to be within an acceptable range of error. In the case of quantifying sulphates, it is necessary to carry out six random analyses on the surface, and eight measurements in the case of quantifying chlorides; in this way, it is ensured that errors are below 10% in 95% of the cases. The results of the study highlight that a portable XRF device can be used in situ to obtain concentrations of chlorides and sulphates of a concrete surface with good accuracy. There is no need to take samples and bring them to a laboratory, allowing lower overall costs in inspection and reparation works. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Durability and Safety of Concrete Structures)
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12 pages, 5638 KiB  
Article
Corrosion of Steel Rebars in Anoxic Environments. Part II: Pit Growth Rate and Mechanical Strength
by Elena Garcia, Julio Torres, Nuria Rebolledo, Raul Arrabal and Javier Sanchez
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2547; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14102547 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1627
Abstract
Reinforced concrete may corrode in anoxic environments such as offshore structures. Under such conditions the reinforcement fails to passivate completely, irrespective of chloride content, and the corrosion taking place locally induces the growth of discrete pits. This study characterised such pits and simulated [...] Read more.
Reinforced concrete may corrode in anoxic environments such as offshore structures. Under such conditions the reinforcement fails to passivate completely, irrespective of chloride content, and the corrosion taking place locally induces the growth of discrete pits. This study characterised such pits and simulated their growth from experimentally determined electrochemical parameters. Pit morphology was assessed with an optical profilometer. A finite element model was developed to simulate pit growth based on electrochemical parameters for different cathode areas. The model was able to predict long-term pit growth by deformed geometry set up. Simulations showed that pit growth-related corrosion tends to maximise as cathode area declines, which lower the pitting factor. The mechanical strength developed by the passive and prestressed rebar throughout its service life was also estimated. Passive rebar strength may drop by nearly 20% over 100 years, whilst in the presence of cracking from the base of the pit steel strength may decline by over 40%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Durability and Safety of Concrete Structures)
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15 pages, 5471 KiB  
Article
Corrosion of Steel Rebars in Anoxic Environments. Part I: Electrochemical Measurements
by Elena Garcia, Julio Torres, Nuria Rebolledo, Raul Arrabal and Javier Sanchez
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2491; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14102491 - 12 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1667
Abstract
The number of reinforced concrete structures subject to anoxic conditions such as offshore platforms and geological storage facilities is growing steadily. This study explored the behaviour of embedded steel reinforcement corrosion under anoxic conditions in the presence of different chloride concentrations. Corrosion rate [...] Read more.
The number of reinforced concrete structures subject to anoxic conditions such as offshore platforms and geological storage facilities is growing steadily. This study explored the behaviour of embedded steel reinforcement corrosion under anoxic conditions in the presence of different chloride concentrations. Corrosion rate values were obtained by three electrochemical techniques: Linear polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronopotenciometry. The corrosion rate ceiling observed was 0.98 µA/cm2, irrespective of the chloride content in the concrete. By means of an Evans diagram, it was possible to estimate the value of the cathodic Tafel constant (bc) to be 180 mV dec−1, and the current limit yielded an ilim value of 0.98 µA/cm2. On the other hand, the corrosion potential would lie most likely in the −900 mVAg/AgCl to −1000 mVAg/AgCl range, whilst the bounds for the most probable corrosion rate were 0.61 µA/cm2 to 0.22 µA/cm2. The experiments conducted revealed clear evidence of corrosion-induced pitting that will be assessed in subsequent research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Durability and Safety of Concrete Structures)
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