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Novel Electrical Double Layer Capacitors of Carbon Based Electrodes

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 3005

Special Issue Editor

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
Interests: carbon nanotubes; material sciences; nanotechnology; multifunctional materials; nano carbon; biomedical applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrical double-layer (EDL) capacitors, also known as supercapacitors, are promising candidates for energy storage when high-power density, high cycle efficiency, and long cycle life are required. Unlike batteries, which store energy in chemical bonds, EDL capacitors store electrical energy at an electrode–electrolyte interface when a voltage bias is applied. The absence of the resistances associated with the charge-transfer reactions present in batteries allows the energy to be stored and delivered at extremely high power.

The maximum capacitance of EDL devices is on the order of hundreds of farads per gram, orders of magnitude larger than that of a traditional dielectric capacitor whose capacitance is typically in the microfarad per gram range. Large capacitances are achievable thanks to the extremely short charge separation distance at the electrode–electrolyte interface and the exceptionally high specific surface area of porous carbon electrodes. The highest energy storage densities of commercially available EDL capacitors, based on high-surface-area activated carbons, are nevertheless still not very outstanding—an order of magnitude smaller than in Li-ion batteries. Research has therefore focused on increasing the energy density of EDL capacitors without sacrificing the power density and cycle life. Optimization of the electrode material is crucial, because at a given maximum voltage, the total stored energy is proportional to the capacitance.

Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to share interesting and promising works among researchers, particularly concerning advanced EDL capacitors of carbon-based electrodes. State-of-the-art composite electrode materials, including carbon/carbon, carbon/metal oxide, carbon/polymer, and other novel composite material systems, can be covered. We will also consider other advanced composite materials in EDL capacitors and devices.

It is my pleasure to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue "Novel Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors of Carbon-Based Electrodes".

Prof. Stefano Bellucci
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Electrical double-layer capacitors
  • Carbon-based electrodes
  • Binder
  • Internal resistance
  • Supercapacitor.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 10158 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Composite Monolith Supercapacitor Electrode Made from Textile-Grade Polyacrylonitrile Fibers and Phenolic Resin
by Karim Nabil, Nabil Abdelmonem, Masanobu Nogami and Ibrahim Ismail
Materials 2020, 13(3), 655; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13030655 - 01 Feb 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2157
Abstract
In this work a composite monolith was prepared from widely available and cost effective raw materials, textile-grade polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and phenolic resin. Two activation procedures (physical and chemical) were used to increase the surface area of the produced carbon electrode. Characterization of [...] Read more.
In this work a composite monolith was prepared from widely available and cost effective raw materials, textile-grade polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and phenolic resin. Two activation procedures (physical and chemical) were used to increase the surface area of the produced carbon electrode. Characterization of the thermally stabilized fibers produced was made using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Carbon-Hydrogen-Nitrogen(CHN) elemental analysis, in order to choose the optimum conditions of producing the stabilized fibers. Characterization of the produced composite monolith electrode was performed using physical adsorption of nitrogen at 77 °K, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrical resistivity in order to evaluate its performance. All the electrodes prepared had a mixture of micropores and mesopores. Pressing the green monolith during the curing process was found to reduce largely the specific surface area and to some degree the electrical resistivity of the chemically activated composite electrode. Physical activation was more suitable than chemical activation, where it resulted in an electrode with specific capacity 29 F/g, good capacitive behavior and the stability of the electrical resistivity over the temperature range −130 to 80 °C. Chemical activation resulted in a very poor electrode with resistive rather than capacitive properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Electrical Double Layer Capacitors of Carbon Based Electrodes)
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