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Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Materials: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 21614

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Elisabete M. S. Castanheira

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Guest Editor

Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: drug delivery systems; magnetic and plasmonic nanoparticles; (magneto)liposomes; bionanomaterials; combined cancer therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of magnetic nanoparticle-based materials has exponentially grown in recent years, with a great emphasis on biomedical applications. This Special Issue (SI) is devoted to the development and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticle-based systems, including preparation methods, characterization techniques, and structural and magnetic properties.

A focus on synthesis methods is justified due to the impact on surface chemistry, final shape, size distribution, crystallinity and magnetic properties. Nanoparticles with anisotropic shapes or nanoassemblies (nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, nanosheets, nanoplates, nanocubes, nanoflowers) will also be explored in this Special Issue.

The biomedical applications include contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, combined magnetic hyperthermia/chemotherapy, drug delivery, theranostics, and multimodal cancer therapy.

The development and applications of magnetic nanoparticle-based systems, such as magnetic liposomes, magnetic microemulsions, magnetic magnetogels, magnetic/plasmonic nanoparticles, magnetolipogels, and other hybrid magnetic nanosystems are also welcome to this SI.

Dr. Elisabete Maria Dos Santos Castanheira Coutinho
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

magnetic nanoparticles
magnetic nanocarriers
magnetic hyperthermia
MRI contrast agents
magnetoliposomes
magnetogels
magnetic/plasmonic nanoparticles
combined chemotherapy/ hyperthermia
magnetic nanosystems for multimodal cancer therapy
theranostics

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 8467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mitoxantrone and Mitoxantrone-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cell Death in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Spheroids

by Jonas Dinter, Ralf P. Friedrich, Hai Yang, Christian Pilarsky, Harald Mangge, Marina Pöttler, Christina Janko, Christoph Alexiou and Stefan Lyer

Materials 2023, 16(7), 2906; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16072906 - 06 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1578

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a hard-to-treat, deadly malignancy. Traditional treatments, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, unfortunately are still not able to significantly improve long-term survival. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures might be a platform to study new drug types in a highly reproducible, resource-saving model within a relevant pathophysiological cellular microenvironment. We used a 3D culture of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines to investigate a potential new treatment approach using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a drug delivery system for mitoxantrone (MTO), a chemotherapeutic agent. We established a PaCa DD183 cell line and generated PANC-1^{SMAD4 (−/−)} cells by using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, differing in a prognostically relevant mutation in the TGF-β pathway. Afterwards, we formed spheroids using PaCa DD183, PANC-1 and PANC-1^{SMAD4 (−/−)} cells, and analyzed the uptake and cytotoxic effect of free MTO and MTO-loaded SPIONs by microscopy and flow cytometry. MTO and SPION–MTO-induced cell death in all tumor spheroids in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, spheroids with a SMAD4 mutation showed an increased uptake of MTO and SPION–MTO, while at the same time being more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents. MTO-loaded SPIONs, with their ability for magnetic drug targeting, could be a future approach for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Materials: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications)

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15 pages, 3465 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Dipole Interactions on Blocking Temperature and Relaxation Dynamics of Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide (Fe₃O₄) Nanoparticle Systems

by Md Ehsan Sadat, Sergey L. Bud’ko, Rodney C. Ewing, Hong Xu, Giovanni M. Pauletti, David B. Mast and Donglu Shi

Materials 2023, 16(2), 496; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16020496 - 04 Jan 2023

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2023

Abstract

The effects of dipole interactions on magnetic nanoparticle magnetization and relaxation dynamics were investigated using five nanoparticle (NP) systems with different surfactants, carrier liquids, size distributions, inter-particle spacing, and NP confinement. Dipole interactions were found to play a crucial role in modifying the blocking temperature behavior of the superparamagnetic nanoparticles, where stronger interactions were found to increase the blocking temperatures. Consequently, the blocking temperature of a densely packed nanoparticle system with stronger dipolar interactions was found to be substantially higher than those of the discrete nanoparticle systems. The frequencies of the dominant relaxation mechanisms were determined by magnetic susceptibility measurements in the frequency range of 100 Hz–7 GHz. The loss mechanisms were identified in terms of Brownian relaxation (1 kHz–10 kHz) and gyromagnetic resonance of Fe₃O₄ (~1.12 GHz). It was observed that the microwave absorption of the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles depend on the local environment surrounding the NPs, as well as the long-range dipole–dipole interactions. These significant findings will be profoundly important in magnetic hyperthermia medical therapeutics and energy applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Materials: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications)

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18 pages, 29975 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fluorescently Labeled Gadolinium Ferrate/Trigadolinium Pentairon(III) Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, In Vivo Biodistribution, and Application for Visualization of Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

by Dmitry V. Korolev, Galina A. Shulmeyster, Maria S. Istomina, Natalia V. Evreinova, Ilia V. Aleksandrov, Aleksandr S. Krasichkov, Viktor N. Postnov and Michael M. Galagudza

Materials 2022, 15(11), 3832; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15113832 - 27 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1491

Abstract

Various gadolinium compounds have been proposed as contrasting agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we suggested a new synthesis method of gadolinium ferrate/trigadolinium pentairon(III) oxide nanoparticles (GF/TPO NPs). The specific surface area of gadolinium ferrate (GdFeO₃) and trigadolinium pentairon(III) oxide (Gd₃Fe₅O₁₂) nanoparticles was equal to 42 and 66 m²/g, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the synthesized substances were GdFeO₃ and Gd₃Fe₅O₁₂. The gadolinium content in the samples was close to the theoretically calculated value. The free gadolinium content was negligible. Biodistribution of the GF/TPO NPs was studied in rats by fluorescent imaging and Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ quantification demonstrating predominant accumulation in such organs as lung, kidney, and liver. We showed in the in vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury that GF/TPO NPs are able to target the area of myocardial infarction as evidenced by the significantly greater level of fluorescence. In perspective, the use of fluorescently labeled GF/TPO NPs in multimodal imaging may provide basis for high-resolution 3D reconstruction of the infarcted heart, thereby serving as unique theranostic platform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Materials: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications)

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20 pages, 22919 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Thermo- and pH-Sensitive Liposomal Magnetic Carriers for New Potential Antitumor Thienopyridine Derivatives

by Beatriz C. Ribeiro, Cristina A. R. Alvarez, Bárbara C. Alves, Juliana M. Rodrigues, Maria João R. P. Queiroz, Bernardo G. Almeida, Ana Pires, André M. Pereira, João P. Araújo, Paulo J. G. Coutinho, Ana Rita O. Rodrigues and Elisabete M. S. Castanheira

Materials 2022, 15(5), 1737; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15051737 - 25 Feb 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2161

Abstract

The development of stimuli-sensitive drug delivery systems is a very attractive area of current research in cancer therapy. The deep knowledge on the microenvironment of tumors has supported the progress of nanosystems’ ability for controlled and local fusion as well as drug release. Temperature and pH are two of the most promising triggers in the development of sensitive formulations to improve the efficacy of anticancer agents. Herein, magnetic liposomes with fusogenic sensitivity to pH and temperature were developed aiming at dual cancer therapy (by chemotherapy and magnetic hyperthermia). Magnetic nanoparticles of mixed calcium/manganese ferrite were synthesized by co-precipitation with citrate and by sol–gel method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy in transmission mode (STEM), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The citrate-stabilized nanoparticles showed a small-sized population (around 8 nm, determined by XRD) and suitable magnetic properties, with a low coercivity and high saturation magnetization (~54 emu/g). The nanoparticles were incorporated into liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesteryl hemisuccinate (DPPC:CHEMS) and of the same components with a PEGylated lipid (DPPC:CHEMS:DSPE-PEG), resulting in magnetoliposomes with sizes around 100 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) measurements were performed to investigate the pH-sensitivity of the magnetoliposomes’ fusogenic ability. Two new antitumor thienopyridine derivatives were efficiently encapsulated in the magnetic liposomes and the drug delivery capability of the loaded nanosystems was evaluated, under different pH and temperature conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Materials: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications)

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Review

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47 pages, 20844 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Multifunctional Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: A Review

by Hung-Vu Tran, Nhat M. Ngo, Riddhiman Medhi, Pannaree Srinoi, Tingting Liu, Supparesk Rittikulsittichai and T. Randall Lee

Materials 2022, 15(2), 503; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15020503 - 10 Jan 2022

Cited by 58 | Viewed by 9643

Abstract

Due to their good magnetic properties, excellent biocompatibility, and low price, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are the most commonly used magnetic nanomaterials and have been extensively explored in biomedical applications. Although magnetic IONPs can be used for a variety of applications in biomedicine, most practical applications require IONP-based platforms that can perform several tasks in parallel. Thus, appropriate engineering and integration of magnetic IONPs with different classes of organic and inorganic materials can produce multifunctional nanoplatforms that can perform several functions simultaneously, allowing their application in a broad spectrum of biomedical fields. This review article summarizes the fabrication of current composite nanoplatforms based on integration of magnetic IONPs with organic dyes, biomolecules (e.g., lipids, DNAs, aptamers, and antibodies), quantum dots, noble metal NPs, and stimuli-responsive polymers. We also highlight the recent technological advances achieved from such integrated multifunctional platforms and their potential use in biomedical applications, including dual-mode imaging for biomolecule detection, targeted drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, and magnetic hyperthermia therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Materials: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications)

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27 pages, 3190 KiB

Open AccessReview

Prospects of Synthesized Magnetic TiO₂-Based Membranes for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

by E. Kweinor Tetteh, S. Rathilal, D. Asante-Sackey and M. Noro Chollom

Materials 2021, 14(13), 3524; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14133524 - 24 Jun 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3282

Abstract

Global accessibility to clean water has stressed the need to develop advanced technologies for the removal of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants and pathogens from wastewater to meet stringent discharge water quality limits. Conventionally, the high separation efficiencies, relative low costs, small footprint, and ease of operation associated with integrated photocatalytic-membrane (IPM) technologies are gaining an all-inclusive attention. Conversely, photocatalysis and membrane technologies face some degree of setbacks, which limit their worldwide application in wastewater settings for the treatment of emerging contaminants. Therefore, this review elucidated titanium dioxide (TiO₂), based on its unique properties (low cost, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and high chemical stability), to have great potential in engineering photocatalytic-based membranes for reclamation of wastewater for re-use. The environmental pathway of TiO₂ nanoparticles, membranes and configuration types, modification process, characteristics, and applications of IPMs in water settings are discussed. Future research and prospects of magnetized TiO₂-based membrane technology is highlighted as a viable water purification technology to mitigate fouling in the membrane process and photocatalyst recoverability. In addition, exploring life cycle assessment research would also aid in utilizing the concept and pressing for large-scale application of this technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Materials: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications)

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