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Metamaterial and Metasurface Design for Microwave Applications
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Metamaterial and Metasurface Design for Microwave Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 13803

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xavier Begaud

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
Interests: metamaterials; metasurfaces; antennas; microwave absorbing materials; ultra wideband
Dr. Anne Claire Lepage

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
Interests: metamaterials; metasurfaces; antennas; microwave absorbing materials; ultra wideband

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metamaterials and metasurfaces have attracted the interest of researchers in recent years. These concepts have many applications today but remain complex at microwaves frequencies where size and frequency bandwidth may be critical. The ability of metamaterials and metasurfaces to control the propagation of electromagnetic waves can be used to modify the polarization, the reflection, the refraction or the absorption in a microwave device. However, the implementation of these electromagnetic properties are strongly linked to the available technology and usually leads to compromises between the performance and the fabrication cost.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent applications of metamaterials and metamasurfaces, as well as their realizations at microwave frequencies, with advanced functionalities, in order to explore the different steps from the proof of concept to the real-world devices.

Prof. Dr. Xavier Begaud
Dr. Anne Claire Lepage
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metamaterials
  • metasurfaces
  • antennas
  • microwave circuits
  • microwave absorbing materials

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5365 KiB  
Article
Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Composite Absorber Based on Pixelated Metasurface with Optimization Algorithm
by Changhyeong Lee, Kichul Kim, Pyoungwon Park, Yunseok Jang, Jeongdai Jo, Taein Choi and Hakjoo Lee
Materials 2023, 16(17), 5916; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16175916 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1019
Abstract
An ultra-wideband electromagnetic (EM) absorber is proposed. The proposed absorber consists of two thin metasurfaces, four dielectric layers, a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), and a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) which works as a conductive reflector. The thin metasurfaces are accomplished with [...] Read more.
An ultra-wideband electromagnetic (EM) absorber is proposed. The proposed absorber consists of two thin metasurfaces, four dielectric layers, a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), and a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) which works as a conductive reflector. The thin metasurfaces are accomplished with 1-bit pixelated patterns and optimized by a genetic algorithm. Composite materials of GFRP and CFRP are incorporated to improve the durability of the proposed absorber. From the full-wave simulation, more than 90% absorption rate bandwidth is computed from 2.2 to 18 GHz such that the fractional bandwidth is about 156% for the incidence angles from 0° to 30°. Absorptivity is measured using the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) arch method in an EM anechoic environment. It was shown that the measured results correlated with the simulated results. In addition, the proposed absorber underwent high temperature and humidity tests under military environment test conditions in order to investigate its durability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial and Metasurface Design for Microwave Applications)
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19 pages, 8876 KiB  
Article
Compact Wearable Antenna with Metasurface for Millimeter-Wave Radar Applications
by María Elena de Cos Gómez, Humberto Fernández Álvarez, Alicia Flórez Berdasco and Fernando Las-Heras Andrés
Materials 2023, 16(7), 2553; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16072553 - 23 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1189
Abstract
Three metasurfaces (MTS) are designed to be combined with a series end-fed 1 × 10 array antenna with a modified Dolph-Chebyshev distribution for imaging applications in the millimeter frequency range, 24.05–24.25 GHz. A reduction in secondary lobes and an increase in FTBR can [...] Read more.
Three metasurfaces (MTS) are designed to be combined with a series end-fed 1 × 10 array antenna with a modified Dolph-Chebyshev distribution for imaging applications in the millimeter frequency range, 24.05–24.25 GHz. A reduction in secondary lobes and an increase in FTBR can be achieved while preserving gain, radiation efficiency, SLL and size using an MTS–array combination. Moreover, as a result of each single-layer MTS–array combination, operation bandwidth is widened, with gain and radiation efficiency enhancement. The overall devices’ size is 86.8 × 12 × 0.762 mm3. The envisioned application is collision avoidance in aid to visually impaired people at a medium-long distance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial and Metasurface Design for Microwave Applications)
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19 pages, 5996 KiB  
Article
Modified Coptic Cross Shaped Split-Ring Resonator Based Negative Permittivity Metamaterial for Quad Band Satellite Applications with High Effective Medium Ratio
by Md Bellal Hossain, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Nissren Tamam and Abdelmoneim Sulieman
Materials 2022, 15(9), 3389; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15093389 - 09 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1606
Abstract
This research article describes a modified Coptic cross shaped split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial that exhibits a negative permittivity and refractive index with a permeability of nearly zero. The metamaterial unit cell consists of an SRR and modified Coptic cross shaped resonator [...] Read more.
This research article describes a modified Coptic cross shaped split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial that exhibits a negative permittivity and refractive index with a permeability of nearly zero. The metamaterial unit cell consists of an SRR and modified Coptic cross shaped resonator providing quadruple resonance frequency at 2.02, 6.985, 9.985 and 14.425 GHz with the magnitude of −29.45, −25.44, −19.05, and −24.45 dB, respectively. The unit cell that was fabricated on a FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm has an electrical dimension of 0.074λ × 0.074λ; the wavelength (λ) is computed at the frequency of 2.02 GHz. The computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio was employed to determine the scattering parameters and their effective medium properties, i.e., permittivity, permeability and refractive index, also calculated based on NRW (Nicolson–Ross–Weir) method through the implementation of MATLAB code. The frequency range of 2.02–2.995 GHz, 6.985–7.945 GHz, 9.985–10.6 GHz, and 14.425–15.445 GHz has been found for negative permittivity. An effective medium ratio (EMR) of 13.50 at 2.02 GHz shows that the proposed unit cell is compact and effective. The lumped component based equivalent circuit model is used to validate with simulation results. The proposed unit cell and its array were fabricated for experimental verification. The results show that the simulation result using CST and high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulator, equivalent circuit model result using advanced design system (ADS) simulator and measurement results match each other better. Its near zero permeability, negative permittivity, negative refractive index, high EMR and simple unit cell design allow the proposed metamaterial to be used for S-, C-, X- and Ku-band satellite applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial and Metasurface Design for Microwave Applications)
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9 pages, 2587 KiB  
Article
A Time-Modulated Transparent Nonlinear Active Metasurface for Spatial Frequency Mixing
by Luyi Wang, Hongyu Shi, Gantao Peng, Jianjia Yi, Liang Dong, Anxue Zhang and Zhuo Xu
Materials 2022, 15(3), 873; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15030873 - 24 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2396
Abstract
In this article, a time-modulated transparent nonlinear active metasurface loaded with varactor diodes was proposed to realize spatial electromagnetic (EM) wave frequency mixing. The nonlinear transmission characteristic of the active metasurface was designed and measured under time-modulated biasing signals. The transmission phase can [...] Read more.
In this article, a time-modulated transparent nonlinear active metasurface loaded with varactor diodes was proposed to realize spatial electromagnetic (EM) wave frequency mixing. The nonlinear transmission characteristic of the active metasurface was designed and measured under time-modulated biasing signals. The transmission phase can be continuously controlled across a full 360° range at 5 GHz when the bias voltage of the varactor diodes changes from 0 V to 25.5 V, while the transmission amplitude is between −2.1 dB to −2.7 dB. By applying the bias voltage in time-modulated sequences, frequency mixing can be achieved. Due to the nonlinearity of the transmission amplitude and transmission phase of the metasurface versus a time-modulated bias voltage, harmonics of the fundamental mode were observed using an upper triangle bias voltage. Furthermore, with a carefully designed bias voltage sequence, unwanted higher order harmonics were suppressed. The proposed theoretical results are validated with the measured results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial and Metasurface Design for Microwave Applications)
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13 pages, 2911 KiB  
Article
Metasurfaces for Far-Field Radiation Pattern Correction of Antennas under Dielectric Seamed-Radomes
by Riccardo Cacocciola, Badreddine Ratni, Nicolas Mielec, Emmanuel Mimoun and Shah Nawaz Burokur
Materials 2022, 15(2), 665; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15020665 - 16 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1747
Abstract
A high-index dielectric radome seam is camouflaged with respect to a low-index dielectric radome panel by tuning the seam with carefully engineered metasurfaces. A transmission-line approach is used to model the metasurface-tuned seam and analytically retrieve the corresponding surface impedance, from which the [...] Read more.
A high-index dielectric radome seam is camouflaged with respect to a low-index dielectric radome panel by tuning the seam with carefully engineered metasurfaces. A transmission-line approach is used to model the metasurface-tuned seam and analytically retrieve the corresponding surface impedance, from which the unit-cell design is then tailored. Full-wave simulations and microwave antenna measurements performed on a proof-of-concept prototype validate the undesired scattering suppression effect in the case of normally and obliquely incident transverse electric and transverse magnetic wave illuminations. Robustness of the proposed solution to fabrication tolerances is also reported. The study presents metasurface-tuning as an easily implementable, frequency adjustable, and polarization insensitive solution to reduce the scattering of dielectric mechanical seams and improve the overall transparency performance of radome structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial and Metasurface Design for Microwave Applications)
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10 pages, 3129 KiB  
Communication
Experimental Realization of Sub-THz Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Metasurface Superstrate at 300 GHz
by Basem Aqlan, Mohamed Himdi, Hamsakutty Vettikalladi and Laurent Le-Coq
Materials 2021, 14(17), 4796; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14174796 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2340
Abstract
This communication presents a low-profile fully metallic high gain circularly polarized resonant cavity antenna, with a novel single-layer metasurface as superstrate operating at 300 GHz. The unit cell of the metallic metasurface layer consists of perforated grids of hexagonal and octagonal-shaped radiating apertures. [...] Read more.
This communication presents a low-profile fully metallic high gain circularly polarized resonant cavity antenna, with a novel single-layer metasurface as superstrate operating at 300 GHz. The unit cell of the metallic metasurface layer consists of perforated grids of hexagonal and octagonal-shaped radiating apertures. The metasurface superstrate layer acts as a polarization convertor from linear-to-circular, which provides left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) radiation. For simplicity and less design difficulty, a low cost laser cutting brass technology is proposed to design the antenna at sub-terahertz. The proposed circularly polarized resonant cavity antenna prototype has a low-profile planar metallic structure of volume 2.6λ0×2.6λ0×1.24λ0. Experimental results validate the design concept. The antenna yields a measured LHCP gain of 16.2 dBic with a directivity of 16.7 dBic at 302 GHz. This proposed circularly polarized resonant cavity antenna finds potential application in 6G sub-terahertz wireless communications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial and Metasurface Design for Microwave Applications)
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10 pages, 4114 KiB  
Article
Band-Pass Filtering Cross-Polarization Converter Using Transmitarrays
by Jialin Feng, Hongyu Shi, Jianjia Yi, Anxue Zhang and Zhuo Xu
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2109; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14092109 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1868
Abstract
Microwave devices with polarization conversion and band-pass filtering response have great application prospects on radomes. Here, the concepts of band-pass filters and cross-polarization converters are combined to realize a band-pass filtering cross-polarization converter with an extremely high polarization-conversion ratio. Most importantly, the device [...] Read more.
Microwave devices with polarization conversion and band-pass filtering response have great application prospects on radomes. Here, the concepts of band-pass filters and cross-polarization converters are combined to realize a band-pass filtering cross-polarization converter with an extremely high polarization-conversion ratio. Most importantly, the device has an excellent out-of-band rejection level, above 30 and 40 dB for the lower and upper edges, respectively. In addition, the transmission zeros of the passband can be flexibly tuned independently. The band-pass filtering polarization converter was simulated, fabricated, and measured, and the measured results were found to be in good agreement with the simulation results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial and Metasurface Design for Microwave Applications)
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