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Microstructure and Mechanics of Metallic Materials
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Microstructure and Mechanics of Metallic Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 10282

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Olivier Bouaziz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LAboratoire d'EXcellence DAMAS, Univeristé de Lorraine, Arts et Métier Paris Tech, F 57000 Metz, France
Interests: microstructure; mechanical behavior; strengthening; lightening; characterization; forming

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With concrete, metallic alloys are the main family of materials used for structural applications (cars, airplanes, trains, etc.). The main requirements for the development of metallic alloys are strength, ductility, and density in order to lighten the structures as much as possible to reduce the CO2 emission. This is why microstructural design (refinement, precipitation hardening, multiphase alloys, etc.) is crucial to provide guidelines for new alloy developments. Simultaneously, new microstructures are becoming more and more complicated, characterization must be performed at a very fine scale. Thus, a lot of devices have been developed and applied (FEG-SEM, TEM, SANS, atom probe, etc.). This Special Issue will serve as a crossroads from physical metallurgy to mechanics, taking into account Al-Li alloys, new intermetallics, Twining-induced plasticity in steel, high entropy alloys, etc.

Prof. Dr. Olivier Bouaziz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • steel
  • aluminium
  • titanium
  • magnesium
  • TWIP (twinning-induced plasticity)
  • TRIP (transformation induced plasticity)
  • HEA (high-entropy alloys)
  • microstructure
  • strengthening
  • strain hardening

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7122 KiB  
Article
Machining-Induced Work Hardening Behavior of Inconel 718 Considering Edge Geometries
by Bin Zhou, Weiwei Zhang, Zhongmei Gao and Guoqiang Luo
Materials 2022, 15(2), 397; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15020397 - 06 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1628
Abstract
As a representative type of superalloy, Inconel 718 is widely employed in aerospace, marine and nuclear industries. The significant work hardening behavior of Inconel 718 can improve the service performance of components; nevertheless, it cause extreme difficulty in machining. This paper aims to [...] Read more.
As a representative type of superalloy, Inconel 718 is widely employed in aerospace, marine and nuclear industries. The significant work hardening behavior of Inconel 718 can improve the service performance of components; nevertheless, it cause extreme difficulty in machining. This paper aims to investigate the influence of chamfered edge parameters on work hardening in orthogonal cutting of Inconel 718 based on a novel hybrid method, which integrates Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method and grain-size-based functions considering the influence of grain size on microhardness. Orthogonal cutting experiments and nanoindentation tests are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The predicted results are highly consistent with the experimental results. The depth of work hardening layer increases with increasing chamfer angle and chamfer width, also with increasing feed rate (the uncut chip thickness). However, the maximum microhardness on the machined surface does not exhibit a significant difference. The proposed method can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of cutting parameters and improvement of the work hardening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanics of Metallic Materials)
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19 pages, 19449 KiB  
Article
Influence of Selective Laser Melting Technology Process Parameters on Porosity and Hardness of AISI H13 Tool Steel: Statistical Approach
by Filip Véle, Michal Ackermann, Václav Bittner and Jiří Šafka
Materials 2021, 14(20), 6052; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206052 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2281
Abstract
The correct setting of laser beam parameters and scanning strategy for Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is a demanding process. Usually, numerous experimental procedures must be taken before the final strategy can be applied. The presented work deals with SLM technology and the [...] Read more.
The correct setting of laser beam parameters and scanning strategy for Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is a demanding process. Usually, numerous experimental procedures must be taken before the final strategy can be applied. The presented work deals with SLM technology and the impact of its technological parameters on the porosity and hardness of AISI H13 tool steel. In this study, we attempted to map the dependency of porosity and hardness of the tested tool steel on a broad spectrum of scanning speed—laser power combinations. Cubic samples were fabricated under parameters defined by full factorial DOE, and metallurgic specimens were prepared for measurement of the two studied quantities. The gathered data were finally analyzed, and phenomenological models were proposed. Analysis of the data revealed a minimal energy density of 100.3 J/mm3 was needed to obtain a dense structure with a satisfactory hardness level. Apart from this, the model may be used for approximation of non-tested combinations of input parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanics of Metallic Materials)
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21 pages, 22313 KiB  
Article
New Grain Formation Mechanisms during Powder Bed Fusion
by Alexander M. Rausch, Julian Pistor, Christoph Breuning, Matthias Markl and Carolin Körner
Materials 2021, 14(12), 3324; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14123324 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2339
Abstract
Tailoring the mechanical properties of parts by influencing the solidification conditions is a key topic of powder bed fusion. Depending on the application, single crystalline, columnar, or equiaxed microstructures are desirable. To produce single crystals or equiaxed microstructures, the control of nucleation is [...] Read more.
Tailoring the mechanical properties of parts by influencing the solidification conditions is a key topic of powder bed fusion. Depending on the application, single crystalline, columnar, or equiaxed microstructures are desirable. To produce single crystals or equiaxed microstructures, the control of nucleation is of outstanding importance. Either it should be avoided or provoked. There are also applications, such as turbine blades, where both microstructures at different locations are required. Here, we investigate nucleation at the melt-pool border during the remelting of CMSX-4® samples built using powder bed fusion. We studied the difference between remelting as-built and homogenized microstructures. We identified two new mechanisms that led to grain formation at the beginning of solidification. Both mechanisms involved a change in the solidification microstructure from the former remelted and newly forming material. For the as-built samples, a discrepancy between the former and new dendrite arm spacing led to increased interdentritic undercooling at the beginning of solidification. For the heat-treated samples, the collapse of a planar front led to new grains. To identify these mechanisms, we conducted experimental and numerical investigations. The identification of such mechanisms during powder bed fusion is a fundamental prerequisite to controlling the solidification conditions to produce single crystalline and equiaxed microstructures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanics of Metallic Materials)
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12 pages, 3874 KiB  
Article
Molecular Dynamics Investigation of the Deformation Mechanism of Gold with Variations in Mold Profiles during Nanoimprinting
by Abhaysinh Gaikwad and Salil Desai
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2548; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14102548 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1590
Abstract
Understanding the deformation behavior during nanoimprint lithography is crucial for high resolution patterning. Molecular dynamics modeling was implemented to investigate the effect of different mold profiles (cylindrical, rectangular, and spherical) on the von Mises stress, lattice dislocations, and material deformation. Relatively higher von [...] Read more.
Understanding the deformation behavior during nanoimprint lithography is crucial for high resolution patterning. Molecular dynamics modeling was implemented to investigate the effect of different mold profiles (cylindrical, rectangular, and spherical) on the von Mises stress, lattice dislocations, and material deformation. Relatively higher von Mises stress (1.08 × 107 Pa) was observed for the spherical mold profile compared to the rectangular and cylindrical profiles due to the larger surface area of contact during the mold penetration stage of NIL. Substantial increases in the von Mises stress were observed for all the mold geometries during the mold penetration stage. The von Mises stresses had a reduction in the relaxation and mold retrieval stages based on the rearrangement of the gold atoms. The lattice dislocation during the deformation process revealed the formation of the BCC structure which further reverted to the FCC structure after the mold retrieval. The polyhedral template matching (PTM) method was used to explain the retention of the FCC structure and subsequent ductile behavior of the substrate. The cylindrical mold had the lowest percentage spring back in both of the orthogonal directions and thus replicated the mold profile with high-fidelity as compared to the spherical and rectangular molds. The findings of this research can aid the design of molds for several applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanics of Metallic Materials)
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10 pages, 4644 KiB  
Article
Automotive Steel with a High Product of Strength and Elongation used for Cold and Hot Forming Simultaneously
by Fei Huang, Qiwei Chen, Hanlin Ding, Yongqiang Wang, Xiuting Mou and Jian Chen
Materials 2021, 14(5), 1121; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14051121 - 27 Feb 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1751
Abstract
A low-cost and easy-to-produce C–Mn–Cr automotive steel for both cold and hot forming is presented in this paper. The alloying element Cr was used to replace Mn in medium-Mn steel and instead of B in hot-formed steel, in order to achieve microstructure control [...] Read more.
A low-cost and easy-to-produce C–Mn–Cr automotive steel for both cold and hot forming is presented in this paper. The alloying element Cr was used to replace Mn in medium-Mn steel and instead of B in hot-formed steel, in order to achieve microstructure control and hardenability improvement, replacing the residual austenite-enhanced plasticization with multidimensional enhanced plasticization through multiphase microstructure design, grain refinement, and dispersion enhancement of second-phase particles. The products of strength and elongation for the cold-formed and hot-formed steel were 20 GPa·% and 18 GPa·%, respectively, while the tensile strengths were more than 1000 MPa and 1500 MPa, respectively. This new automotive steel was also characterized by good oxidation resistance. The mechanisms of strength and plasticization of the experimental automotive steel were analyzed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanics of Metallic Materials)
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