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Design, Properties and Processing of Novel Composites
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Design, Properties and Processing of Novel Composites

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2022) | Viewed by 15620

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anton Smirnov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Spark Plasma Sintering Research Laboratory, Moscow State Technological University Stankin, Moscow, Russia
Interests: powders; powder technology; nanomaterials synthesis; materials processing; advanced materials; nanocomposites; ceramic materials; composite material; biomaterials; sintering; material characterization; microstructure; mechanical properties; material characteristics; materials testing; tribology; fatigue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today, it is increasingly being recognized that new applications for traditional materials require functions and properties that are not achievable by monolithic materials. One of the advantages of the composite is that two or more materials could be combined to take advantage of the best characteristics of each of the materials. Important examples of such combinations of materials can be found in previous works.

In recent years, success in the tailored geometric, structural, and chemical material architecture has allowed the creation of composites with outstanding properties, even some that are mutually exclusive, such as high fracture strength and high fracture toughness. In addition, the development of new and deeper understanding of manufacturing control methods has enabled these materials to translate from laboratory production to large-scale production. On the one hand, these composites are increasingly being used in different applications from biomedical to aerospace as well as for energy and electrical uses. On the other hand, however, these materials are getting more and more complex, which affects the ability to retain the value of materials in successive uses.

Therefore, a critical factor in component fabrication is performing cost-effective manufacturing without a significant negative impact on their features. That is why new fabrication technologies and the development of composites are required. However, the design and manufacturing processes of composite materials are numerous and often complex.

To this end, it is necessary to carefully control each manufacturing step, from the synthesis of the materials to the processing methods.

This Special Issue on “Design, Properties and Processing of Novel Composites” focuses on advanced technology and development of novel material-processing methodologies, manufacturing schemes, advanced equipment, and tooling design and provides an interdisciplinary forum for the publication of research papers, short communications, and review papers which advance the properties, testing methods, and applications of composites.

Our aim is to provide an international forum for researchers, manufacturers, and designers who are working in the field of composite materials and an opportunity to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible so that the results can be reproduced.

Therefore, innovative policies, including new design, synthesis, and manufacturing methods that can be implemented to design, properties and processing of novel composites are desired and form the basis of the present Special Issue.

Dr. Anton Smirnov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Novel materials
  • Composites
  • Synthesis
  • Materials properties
  • Materials testing
  • Materials processing and manufacturing
  • Novel fabrication technologies

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 16565 KiB  
Article
Novel Electromagnetic Characterization Methods for New Materials and Structures in Aerospace Platforms
by David Ramos, José Cidrás, Borja Plaza, Carolina Moravec, Antonia de la Torre, Malte Richard Karl Frövel and David Poyatos
Materials 2022, 15(15), 5128; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15155128 - 23 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1452
Abstract
The tendency over the last decades in the aerospace industry is to substitute classic metallic materials with new composite materials such as carbon fiber composites (CFC), fiber glass, etc., as well as adding electronic devices to ensure the safety and proper platform operation. [...] Read more.
The tendency over the last decades in the aerospace industry is to substitute classic metallic materials with new composite materials such as carbon fiber composites (CFC), fiber glass, etc., as well as adding electronic devices to ensure the safety and proper platform operation. Due to this, to protect the aircraft against the Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3), it is mandatory to develop accurate electromagnetic (EM) characterization measurement systems to analyze the behavior of new materials and electronic components. In this article, several measurement methods are described to assess the EM behavior of the samples under test: microstrip transmission line for a surface current analysis, free space to obtain intrinsic features of the materials and shielding effectiveness (SE) approaches to figure out how well they isolate from EM fields. The results presented in this work show how the different facilities from the National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA) are suitable for such purposes, being capable of measuring a wide variety of materials, depending on the type of test to be carried out. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Properties and Processing of Novel Composites)
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12 pages, 3764 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Aging Resistance ZTA Composites Reinforced with Graphene Oxide Consolidated by SPS
by Sergey Grigoriev, Anton Smirnov, Nestor Washington Solis Pinargote, Oleg Yanushevich, Natella Kriheli, Olga Kramar, Yuri Pristinskiy and Pavel Peretyagin
Materials 2022, 15(7), 2419; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15072419 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1622
Abstract
This paper presents a study of Al2O3–ZrO2 (ZTA) nanocomposites with different contents of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The influence of the rGO content on the physico-mechanical properties of the oxide composite was revealed. Graphene oxide was obtained using [...] Read more.
This paper presents a study of Al2O3–ZrO2 (ZTA) nanocomposites with different contents of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The influence of the rGO content on the physico-mechanical properties of the oxide composite was revealed. Graphene oxide was obtained using a modified Hummers method. Well-dispersed ZTA-GO nanopowders were produced using the colloidal processing method. Using spark plasma sintering technology (SPS), theoretically dense composites were obtained, which also reduced GO during SPS. The microstructure, phase composition, and physico-mechanical properties of the sintered composites were studied. The sintered ZTA composite with an in situ reduced graphene content of 0.28 wt.% after the characterization showed improved mechanical properties: bending strength was 876 ± 43 MPa, fracture toughness—6.8 ± 0.3 MPa·m1/2 and hardness—17.6 ± 0.3 GPa. Microstructure studies showed a uniform zirconia distribution in the ZTA ceramics. The study of the electrical conductivity of reduced graphene oxide-containing composites showed electrical conductivity above the percolation threshold with a small content of graphene oxide (0.28 wt.%). This electrical conductivity makes it possible to produce sintered ceramics by electrical discharge machining (EDM), which significantly reduces the cost of manufacturing complex-shaped products. Besides improved mechanical properties and EDM machinability, 0.28 wt.% rGO composites demonstrated high resistance to hydrothermal degradation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Properties and Processing of Novel Composites)
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16 pages, 5097 KiB  
Article
Processing and Characterization of Spark Plasma Sintered SiC-TiB2-TiC Powders
by Sergey N. Grigoriev, Yuri Pristinskiy, Thet Naing Soe, Alexander Malakhinsky, Mikhail Mosyanov, Pavel Podrabinnik, Anton Smirnov and Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote
Materials 2022, 15(5), 1946; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15051946 - 05 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2296
Abstract
SiC-TiB2-TiC composites with matrices consisting of semiconductor material (SiC), conductive materials (TiB2-TiC), or their combination were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 2000 °C in a vacuum under a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 min. The composition [...] Read more.
SiC-TiB2-TiC composites with matrices consisting of semiconductor material (SiC), conductive materials (TiB2-TiC), or their combination were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 2000 °C in a vacuum under a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 min. The composition and microstructure of the obtained composites were studied by X-ray diffraction and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive detector. The flexural strength, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness of SPSed samples were determined. Based on the observations in this work, three variations of the sintering process were proposed with different matrix compositions. The dense (99.7%) 60SiC-25TiB2-15TiC vol.% sintered ceramic composites exhibited the highest strength and hardness values of the studied composites, as well as a fracture toughness of 6.2 MPa·m1/2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Properties and Processing of Novel Composites)
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13 pages, 55850 KiB  
Article
New Graphene Composites for Power Engineering
by Tadeusz Knych, Andrzej Mamala, Paweł Kwaśniewski, Grzegorz Kiesiewicz, Beata Smyrak, Marek Gniełczyk, Artur Kawecki, Kinga Korzeń and Eliza Sieja-Smaga
Materials 2022, 15(3), 715; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15030715 - 18 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2178
Abstract
Intensive research is underway worldwide to develop new conductive materials for applications in the power industry. Such tests aim to increase the electrical conductivity of materials for conductors and cables, thus increasing the current carrying capacity of the line and reducing the loss [...] Read more.
Intensive research is underway worldwide to develop new conductive materials for applications in the power industry. Such tests aim to increase the electrical conductivity of materials for conductors and cables, thus increasing the current carrying capacity of the line and reducing the loss of electricity transmission. The scientific discovery of recent years, graphene, one of the allotropic types of carbon with very high electrical and thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, creates great opportunities for designing and producing new materials with above-standard operational properties. This project concentrates on developing technology for manufacturing aluminum-graphene and copper-graphene composites intended to be used to produce a new generation of power engineering conductors. In particular, we present the results of the research on the mechanical synthesis of aluminum-graphene and copper -graphene composites, as well as the results of the electric, mechanical, and structural properties of rods obtained after the extrusion process and wires after the drawing process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Properties and Processing of Novel Composites)
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19 pages, 5091 KiB  
Article
The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach
by Yurii D. Ivakin, Andrey V. Smirnov, Alexandra Yu. Kurmysheva, Andrey N. Kharlanov, Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote, Anton Smirnov and Sergey N. Grigoriev
Materials 2021, 14(21), 6680; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14216680 - 05 Nov 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1725
Abstract
The great prospects for introducing the cold sintering process (CSP) into industry determine the importance of finding approaches to reduce the processing time and mechanical pressure required to obtain dense ceramics using CSP. The introducing zinc acetate into the initial ZnO powder of [...] Read more.
The great prospects for introducing the cold sintering process (CSP) into industry determine the importance of finding approaches to reduce the processing time and mechanical pressure required to obtain dense ceramics using CSP. The introducing zinc acetate into the initial ZnO powder of methods, such as impregnation, thermovapor autoclave treatment (TVT), and direct injection of an aqueous solution into a die followed by cold sintering process using a spark plasma sintering unit, was studied. The effect of the introduction methods on the density and grain size of sintered ceramics was analyzed using SEM, dynamic light scattering, IR spectroscopy, and XRD. The impregnation method provides sintered samples with high relative density (over 0.90) and significant grain growth when sintered at 250 °C with a high heating rate of 100 °C/min, under a uniaxial pressure of 80 MPa in a vacuum, and a short isothermic dwell time (5 min). The TVT and aqueous solution direct injection methods showed lower relative densities (0.87 and 0.76, respectively) of CSP ZnO samples. Finally, the development of ideas about the processes occurring in an aqueous medium with CSP and TVT, which are subject to mechanical pressure, is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Properties and Processing of Novel Composites)
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10 pages, 591 KiB  
Article
Properties of Journal Bearing Materials That Determine Their Wear Resistance on the Example of Aluminum-Based Alloys
by Alexander Mironov, Iosif Gershman, Eugeniy Gershman, Pavel Podrabinnik, Ekaterina Kuznetsova, Pavel Peretyagin and Nikita Peretyagin
Materials 2021, 14(3), 535; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14030535 - 22 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2682
Abstract
Potential relations of tribological characteristics of aluminum antifriction alloys with their compositions and mechanical properties were investigated. In this regard, the properties of eight aluminum alloys containing tin from 5.4% to 11% doped with lead, copper, silicon, zinc, magnesium, and titanium were studied. [...] Read more.
Potential relations of tribological characteristics of aluminum antifriction alloys with their compositions and mechanical properties were investigated. In this regard, the properties of eight aluminum alloys containing tin from 5.4% to 11% doped with lead, copper, silicon, zinc, magnesium, and titanium were studied. Mechanical properties such as hardness, strength, relative extension, and impact strength were analyzed. Within the tribological tests seizure load and wear of material were evaluated and secondary structures were studied afterwards. The absence of a definitive correlation between tribological behavior and mechanical properties was shown. It was determined that doping tin over 6% is excessive. The seizure load of the alloys increases with the magnesium content. Secondary structures of the alloys with higher wear rates contain one order less magnesium and tin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Properties and Processing of Novel Composites)
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18 pages, 6633 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Graphene-Oxide-Reinforced High-Temperature Titanium-Alloy-Matrix Composites
by Hang Chen, Guangbao Mi, Peijie Li, Xu Huang and Chunxiao Cao
Materials 2020, 13(15), 3358; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma13153358 - 29 Jul 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2647
Abstract
In this study, graphene-oxide (GO)-reinforced Ti–Al–Sn–Zr–Mo–Nb–Si high-temperature titanium-alloy-matrix composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy. The mixed powders with well-dispersed GO sheets were obtained by temperature-controlled solution mixing, in which GO sheets adsorb on the surface of titanium alloy particles. Vacuum deoxygenating was applied [...] Read more.
In this study, graphene-oxide (GO)-reinforced Ti–Al–Sn–Zr–Mo–Nb–Si high-temperature titanium-alloy-matrix composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy. The mixed powders with well-dispersed GO sheets were obtained by temperature-controlled solution mixing, in which GO sheets adsorb on the surface of titanium alloy particles. Vacuum deoxygenating was applied to remove the oxygen-containing groups in GO, in order to reduce the introduction of oxygen. The compact composites with refined equiaxed and lamellar α phase structures were prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The results show that in-situ TiC layers form on the surface of GO and GO promotes the precipitation of hexagonal (TiZr)6Si3 particles. The composites exhibit significant improvement in strength and microhardness. The room-temperature tensile strength, yield strength and microhardness of the composite added with 0.3 wt% GO are 9%, 15% and 27% higher than the matrix titanium alloy without GO, respectively, and the tensile strength and yield strength at 600 °C are 3% and 21% higher than the matrix alloy. The quantitative analysis indicates that the main strengthening mechanisms are load transfer strengthening, grain refinement and (TiZr)6Si3 second phase strengthening, which accounted for 48%, 30% and 16% of the improvement of room-temperature yield strength, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Properties and Processing of Novel Composites)
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