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Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2023) | Viewed by 16682

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Prof. Dr. Yasushi Shimada

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Department of Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
Interests: diagnosis; resin composites; dental; nanoceramic; adhesives; enamels
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Prof. Dr. Alireza Sadr

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Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Interests: restorative dental materials; resin composites; adhesives; invasive dentistry; diagnostic modalities; digital; clinical
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the development of resin composites and the acid etch technique, the possibilities for innovative use of adhesive materials in dentistry are expanding and almost unlimited. Resin composites have been widely used and play a key role in the minimal invasive treatment for dental caries. Moreover, advancements in materials science and technology has led to developments in the varieties of tooth-colored biomaterials such as fluoride-releasing hybrids, ceramics, and CAD/CAM materials. The improved biological, functional, and aesthetic properties of these materials result in favorable outcomes to satisfy the demands of patients and dentists.

The scope of this Special Issue encompasses recent progress in resin composites and other biomaterials from all aspects of their properties and applications, ranging from investigations into material characterization to in vitro and in vivo testing for the assessment of biological performance of these materials. Original regular papers or reviews are all welcome for this Special Issue.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit your article to this Special Issue. We look forward to receiving your paper for the Special Issue “Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials” of Materials.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yasushi Shimada
Prof. Dr. Alireza Sadr
Guest Editors

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Keywords

resin composite
CAD/CAM
zirconia
fluoride releasing material
resin cement
bulk fill
flowable composite
tooth-colored restoration
adhesion
microleakage

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 6930 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Different Scaling Methods on the Surface Topography of Different CAD/CAM Ceramic Compositions

by Passent Ellakany, Nourhan M. Aly, Maram M. Alghamdi, Shahad T. Alameer, Turki Alshehri, Sultan Akhtar and Marwa Madi

Materials 2023, 16(8), 2974; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16082974 - 08 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1261

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic and manual scaling using different scaler materials on the surface topography of computer-aided designing and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic compositions. After scaling with manual and ultrasonic scalers, the surface properties of four classes of CAD/CAM ceramic discs: lithium disilicate (IPE), leucite-reinforced (IPS), advanced lithium disilicate (CT), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (CD) of 1.5 mm thickness were evaluated. Surface roughness was measured before and after treatment, and scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the surface topography following the performed scaling procedures. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to assess the association of the ceramic material and scaling method with the surface roughness. There was a significant difference in the surface roughness between the ceramic materials subjected to different scaling methods (p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses revealed significant differences between all groups except for IPE and IPS where no significant differences were detected between them. CD showed the highest surface roughness values, while CT showed the lowest surface roughness values for the control specimens and after exposure to different scaling methods. Moreover, the specimens subjected to ultrasonic scaling displayed the highest roughness values, while the least surface roughness was noted with the plastic scaling method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials)

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10 pages, 1441 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Water Storage and Bleaching on Light Transmission Properties and Translucency of Nanofilled Flowable Composite

by Taghreed Alrefaie, Ahmed Abdou, Waleed Almasabi, Feng Qi, Ayako Nakamoto, Masatoshi Nakajima, Masayuki Otsuki and Yasushi Shimada

Materials 2023, 16(1), 10; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16010010 - 20 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1113

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of water sorption and bleaching on light transmission properties (Straight-light transmission (G0), Light diffusion (DF) and Amount of transmitted light (AV)) and translucency parameters (TP) of nano-filled flowable composites. A total of 35 composite disks (0.5 mm thickness) were prepared using A2 shade of 5 nanofiller composites (n = 7/each); Beautifil Flow Plus X F03 (SHOFU INC), Clearfil Majesty ES Flow (Kuraray Noritake Dental), Estelite Universal Flow (EUF, Tokuyama Dental), Estelite Flow Quick (Tokuyama Dental) and Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable Restorative (FSU, 3M ESPE). Then, they were cured by LEDs (VALO, Ultradent) on standard mood (1000 mW/cm²) for 20 s. Samples were tested for straight-line transmission (G0), diffusion (DF), the amount of transmitted light (AV) and (TP) immediately after 24 h (dry storage), after 1-week water storage and after each of the three cycles of in-office bleaching (HiLite, SHOFU INC). Result: G0, DF, AV and TP were significantly affected by different materials (p < 0.001). The AV of FSU increased significantly after the 1-week water storage, then after the second bleaching cycle (p < 0.001). The TP for EUF slightly decreased (p = 0.019) after 1-week water storage, then increased throughout bleaching. Conclusion: Ageing/bleaching conditions do not affect G0, DF, AV and TP. The compositional variation between nano-filler composites resulted in a significant difference between materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials)

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16 pages, 4123 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hemp Seed Oil and Oilseed Radish Oil as New Sources of Raw Materials for the Synthesis of Bio-Polyols for Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams

by Krzysztof Polaczek and Maria Kurańska

Materials 2022, 15(24), 8891; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15248891 - 13 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1487

Abstract

We report on the development of open-cell polyurethane foams based on bio-polyols from vegetable oils: hemp seed oil, oilseed radish oil, rapeseed oil and used rapeseed cooking oil. The crude oils were pressed from seeds and subjected to an optimal solvent-free epoxidation process. Bio-polyols were obtained by a ring-opening reaction using diethylene glycol and tetrafluoroboric acid as catalysts. The resultant foams were analysed in terms of their apparent density, thermal conductivity coefficient, mechanical strength, closed cell content, short-term water absorption and water vapour permeability, while their morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that regardless of the properties of the oils, especially the content of unsaturated bonds, it was possible to obtain bio-polyols with very similar properties. The foams were characterized by apparent densities ranging from 11.2 to 12.1 kg/m³, thermal conductivity of <39 mW/m∙K, open cell contents of >97% and high water vapour permeability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials)

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11 pages, 3249 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Incipient Enamel Caries at Smooth Tooth Surfaces Using SS-OCT

by Yasushi Shimada, Takaaki Sato, Go Inoue, Hisaichi Nakagawa, Tomoko Tabata, Yuan Zhou, Noriko Hiraishi, Tadamu Gondo, Syunsuke Takano, Kei Ushijima, Hirotoshi Iwabuchi, Yukiko Tsuji, Sadr Alireza, Yasunori Sumi and Junji Tagami

Materials 2022, 15(17), 5947; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15175947 - 28 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1881

Abstract

(1) Background: Dental caries, if diagnosed at the initial stage, can be arrested and remineralized by a non-operative therapeutic approach preserving tooth structure. Accurate and reproducible diagnostic procedure is required for the successful management of incipient caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3D swept-source optical coherence tomography (3D SS-OCT) for enamel caries at smooth tooth surface if the lesion was with remineralization. (2) Methods: Forty-seven tooth surfaces of 24 extracted human teeth visibly with/without enamel caries (ICDAS code 0–3) were selected and used in this study. The tooth surfaces of investigation site were cleaned and visually examined by four dentists. After the visual inspection, SS-OCT scanning was performed onto the enamel surfaces to construct a 3D image. The 2D tomographic images of the investigation site were chosen from the 3D dataset and dynamically displayed in video and evaluated by the examiners. A five-rank scale was used to score the level of enamel caries according to the following; 1: Intact enamel. 2: Noncavitated lesion with remineralization. 3: Superficial noncavitated lesion without remineralization. 4: Deep nonvacitated lesion without remineralization. 5: Enamel lesion with cavitation. Sensitivity and specificity for 3D OCT image and visual inspection were calculated. Diagnostic accuracy of each diagnostic method was calculated using weighted kappa. Statistical significance was defined at p = 0.05. (3) Results: 3D SS-OCT could clearly depict enamel caries at smooth tooth surface as a bright zone, based on the increased backscattering signal. It was noted that 3D SS-OCT showed higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of remineralized lesions and deep enamel lesions without cavitation, as well as cavitated enamel lesions (p < 0.05). No significant difference of specificity was observed between the two diagnostic methods (p > 0.05). Furthermore, 3D SS-OCT showed higher diagnostic accuracy than visual inspection (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, 3D SS-OCT showed higher diagnostic capacity for smooth surface enamel caries than visual inspection and could also discriminate lesion remineralization of enamel caries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials)

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12 pages, 7449 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Photopolymerization Kinetics of Selected Dental Resins Using Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

by Mirosław Kwaśny, Jakub Polkowski and Aneta Bombalska

Materials 2022, 15(17), 5850; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15175850 - 25 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1695

Abstract

The aim of the presented study was a comparative analysis of the polymerization kinetics of dental resin-based composites currently used in dentistry in different environmental conditions (irradiance, activation time, layer thickness). The photopolymerization kinetics of eleven dental resins were investigated using a Woodpecker LED source. The DC was measured by FTIR in transmission mode and attenuated total reflection (ATR) from 5 s to 7 days. In the transmission mode, the spectra from parallel optical layers (about 0.2 mm thick) of samples placed between the KBr crystals were recorded. In the reflection mode, an ATR attachment with a diamond window was used. The DC calculation method was applied based on the application of a monomer absorption band at 1638 cm⁻¹ (stretching vibration double bond C=C of the vinyl group) without using a reference band. The data were analyzed by performing an ANOVA test comparison between sample groups at the significance level α = 0.05. For all tested materials, the polymerization kinetics consist of three stages. The fastest stage occurs during the irradiation, and the achieved DC value is 70–75% of the maximum value 5 s after the irradiation. Another 15–20% DC increase at a moderate speed takes about 15–20 min. There is also a very slow further increase in DC of 5–10% within 5 days after irradiation. For 8 out of the 11 tested fillings, the optimal photopolymerization conditions are as follows: a power density of 400 or 1000 mW/cm²; an exposure time of 10 s; and a thickness of the irradiated resin layer of up to 2 mm. The influence of various conditions and factors on the reaction kinetics is dominant only in the early, rapid phase of the conversion. After longer times, the DC values gradually level out under different light conditions. The DC of the dental resins are dependent on the irradiance, light source, filler type, time after irradiance, and monomer thickness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials)

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9 pages, 1552 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Color and Spectral Behavior of a Novel Flowable Resin Composite after Water Aging: An In Vitro Study

by Fei Chen, Di Wu, Rafiqul Islam, Yu Toida, Chiharu Kawamoto, Monica Yamauti and Hidehiko Sano

Materials 2022, 15(12), 4102; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15124102 - 09 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1516

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the color matching, light transmittance, and reflectance characteristics of the novel flowable resin composite OCF-001 (OCF). Methods: Fifty-four resin composite molds were made with simulated class I cavities of A2, A3, and A4 shades by filling the rubber mold interspace with Estelite Sigma Quick (ESQ), Gracefil Putty (GP) and Filtek Supremme Ultra (FSU). After applying the adhesive, three different flowable resin composites (n = 6), OCF, Gracefil LoFlo (GLF), and Supreme Ultra Flowable (SUF), were used to fill the cavities. A colorimeter was used to measure the color parameters (CIEDE2000). The color measurements were taken immediately and after 28 days. Data were analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis (α = 0.05) and Wilcoxon tests. The light transmittance and reflection characteristics were measured with a black background using a spectrophotometer under D65 illumination. Results: The ΔE₀₀, and ΔC of OCF was lower than other tested materials in A2 and A3 shades both immediately and after 28 days. OCF showed the highest transmittance characteristic, and a relatively stable reflectance curve in all the wavelengths. Conclusions: OCF showed better shade matching with the surrounding shades of A2 and A3, a relative uniform reflectance and higher light transmission properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials)

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12 pages, 844 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Immediate and Delayed Cementations for CAD/CAM Resin Block after Alumina Air Abrasion on Adhesion to Newly Developed Resin Cement

by Akane Chin, Masaomi Ikeda, Tomohiro Takagaki, Toru Nikaido, Alireza Sadr, Yasushi Shimada and Junji Tagami

Materials 2021, 14(22), 7058; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14227058 - 21 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2109

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of one week of Computer-aided design/Computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crown storage on the μTBS between resin cement and CAD/CAM resin composite blocks. The micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) test groups were divided into 4 conditions. There are two types of CAD/CAM resin composite blocks, namely A block and P block (KATANA Avencia Block and KATANA Avencia P Block, Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan) and two types of resin cements. Additionally, there are two curing methods (light cure and chemical cure) prior to the μTBS test—Immediate: cementation was performed immediately; Delay: cementation was conducted after one week of storage in air under laboratory conditions. The effect of Immediate and Delayed cementations were evaluated by a μTBS test, surface roughness measurements, light intensity measurements, water sorption measurements and Scanning electron microscope/Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analysis. From the results of the μTBS test, we found that Delayed cementation showed significantly lower bond strength than that of Immediate cementation for both resin cements and both curing methods using A block. There was no significant difference between the two types of resin cements or two curing methods. Furthermore, water sorption of A block was significantly higher than that of P block. Within the limitations of this study, alumina air abrasion of CAD/CAM resin composite restorations should be performed immediately before bonding at the chairside to minimize the effect of humidity on bonding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials)

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12 pages, 2616 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Different Surface Treatments of Lithium Disilicate on the Adhesive Properties of Resin Cements

by Shifra Levartovsky, Hilla Bohbot, Keren Shem-Tov, Tamar Brosh and Raphael Pilo

Materials 2021, 14(12), 3302; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14123302 - 15 Jun 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2121

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of hydrofluoric (HF) acid concentration and conditioning time on the shear bond strength (SBS) of dual cure resin cement to pressed lithium disilicate ceramic compared to treatment with an Etch and Prime self-etching glass-ceramic primer (EP). A total of 100 samples of pressed lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to surface treatment: two different concentrations of HF (5% or 9%), for different durations (20 or 90 s), or treatment with EP. Adhesion of light-cured resin cement to the treated surface was tested by the SBS test. The substrate surfaces of the specimen after failures were examined by SEM. Data were analyzed using Weibull distribution. The highest cumulative failure probability of 63.2% of the shear bond strength (η parameter) values was in the 9% HF −90 s group (17.71 MPa), while the lowest values were observed in the 5% HF −20 s group (7.94 MPa). SBS values were not affected significantly by the conditioning time (20 s or 90 s). However, compared to treatment with 5% HF, surface treatment with 9% HF showed a significantly higher η (MPa) as well as β (reliability parameter). Moreover, while compared to 9% HF for 20 s, EP treatment did not differ significantly in SBS values. Examination of the failure mode revealed a mixed mode of failure in all the groups. Within the limits of this study, it is possible to assume that IPS e.max Press surface treatment with 9% HF acid for only 20 s will provide a better bonding strength with resin cement than using 5% HF acid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials)

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15 pages, 6850 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Demineralization Inhibition Effects of Dentin Desensitizers Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

by Kumiko Matsuzaki, Yasushi Shimada, Yasuo Shinno, Serina Ono, Kozo Yamaji, Naoko Ohara, Alireza Sadr, Yasunori Sumi, Junji Tagami and Masahiro Yoshiyama

Materials 2021, 14(8), 1876; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14081876 - 09 Apr 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2388

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of action and the inhibiting effects of two types of desensitizers against dentin demineralization using pre-demineralized hypersensitivity tooth model in vitro. In this study, we confirmed that a hypersensitivity tooth model from our preliminary experiment could be prepared by immersing dentin discs in an acetic acid-based solution with pH 5.0 for three days. Dentin discs with three days of demineralization were prepared and applied by one of the desensitizers containing calcium fluoro-alumino-silicate glass (Nanoseal, NS) or fluoro-zinc-silicate glass (Caredyne Shield, CS), followed by an additional three days of demineralization. Dentin discs for three days of demineralization (de3) and six days of demineralization (de6) without the desensitizers were also prepared. The dentin discs after the experimental protocol were scanned using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to image the cross-sectional (2D) view of the samples and evaluate the SS-OCT signal. The signal intensity profiles of SS-OCT from the region of interest of 300, 500, and 700 µm in depth were obtained to calculate the integrated signal intensity and signal attenuation coefficient. The morphological differences and remaining chemical elements of the dentin discs were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. SS-OCT images of CS and NS groups showed no obvious differences between the groups. However, SS-OCT signal profiles for both the CS and NS groups showed smaller attenuation coefficients and larger integrated signal intensities than those of the de6 group. Reactional deposits of the desensitizers even after the additional three days of demineralization were observed on the dentin surface in NS group, whereas remnants containing Zn were detected within the dentinal tubules in CS group. Consequently, both CS and NS groups showed inhibition effects against the additional three days of demineralization in this study. Our findings demonstrate that SS-OCT signal analysis can be used to monitor the dentin demineralization and inhibition effects of desensitizers against dentin demineralization in vitro. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Resin Composites and Biomaterials)

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