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Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems
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Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems

A special issue of Mathematics (ISSN 2227-7390). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering Mathematics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 34738

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Svetlana V. Solodusha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Mathematics, Melentiev Energy Systems Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
Interests: integral equation and their applications; computational mathematics; dynamical systems; inverse problems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern development of science and technology prioritizes the design of mathematical models and methods for applications in the energy industry. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect research papers reflecting the latest advances in the field of numerical simulation and control in power and energy systems. The range of scientific problems for the Special Issue includes current issues in the theory of mathematical modeling, identification, and control in technical energy systems. Topics of interest range from analytical and computational methods to algorithmic and applied solutions and aim at popularizing new ideas, concepts, and methodologies in the description of complex energy systems. Potential topics include (but are not limited to) the following areas:

- Models taking into account the hierarchy of energy facilities;

- Methods of mathematical modeling, taking into account the new properties of equipment and the requirements of universality;

- Identification methods;

- Methods of analysis and synthesis of control modes;

- Methods of numerical simulation for control systems;

- Methods of dynamic measurement for physical quantities;

- Complex problems of intelligent modeling and control systems in the energy sector.

High-quality research as well as surveys reflecting the current state of affairs are welcome. Particular attention should be paid to the practical application of research results.

Prof. Dr. Svetlana V. Solodusha
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Mathematics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Differential/partial differential equations
  • Integral equations
  • Dynamical systems
  • Numerical methods
  • Mathematical modeling
  • Artificial intelligence methods
  • Mathematical programming
  • Identification and modeling of control systems
  • Data processing
  • Application in power and energy systems

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 5055 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Control for Narrow Bandwidth Input and Output Disturbance Rejection for a Non-Isothermal CSTR System
by Susana Haydee Sainz-García, Guadalupe López López, Víctor M. Alvarado, Jesse Y. Rumbo Morales, Estela Sarmiento-Bustos and Omar Alí Zatarain Durán
Mathematics 2022, 10(18), 3224; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math10183224 - 06 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1404
Abstract
This paper presents an adaptive control scheme to face the challenge of rejecting input and output disturbances. The research is put on a layer of the design and start-up of chemical plants. The emphasis is on handling disturbances appearing in a narrow band [...] Read more.
This paper presents an adaptive control scheme to face the challenge of rejecting input and output disturbances. The research is put on a layer of the design and start-up of chemical plants. The emphasis is on handling disturbances appearing in a narrow band of frequencies, which illustrates standard forms of disturbances in the alluded kind of systems. The controller is made up of a central RS structure that stabilizes the closed-loop plant. A second layer boosts the control law performance by adding the Youla–Kucera (YK) filter or Q parametrization and taking advantage of the internal model principle (IMP). This practice aids in modeling unknown disturbances with online control adjustment. We probe the resultant compensator for three non-isothermal continuous stirred tank reactors connected in series. The plant should conduct a first-order exothermic reaction consuming reactant A, while an isothermal operation stays and the outlet concentration is close to its nominal value. The primary concerns are open-loop instability and steady-state multiplicity in the plant’s first unit. The control objective is to reject input and output disturbances in a band of frequencies of 0.0002Hz to 0.007Hz, whether there are variants or not in time. We test the controller with input signals depicting both variations in the auxiliary services and abrupt changes. We then compare the executions of the resultant control law with a model-based predictive control (MPC). We find comparable responses to multiple disturbances. However, the adaptive control offers an effortless control input. We also conclude that the adaptive controller responds well to reference changes, while the MPC fails due to input constraints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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22 pages, 2997 KiB  
Article
Simulation and State Feedback Control of a Pressure Swing Adsorption Process to Produce Hydrogen
by Mario Martínez García, Jesse Y. Rumbo Morales, Gerardo Ortiz Torres, Salvador A. Rodríguez Paredes, Sebastián Vázquez Reyes, Felipe de J. Sorcia Vázquez, Alan F. Pérez Vidal, Jorge S. Valdez Martínez, Ricardo Pérez Zúñiga and Erasmo M. Renteria Vargas
Mathematics 2022, 10(10), 1762; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math10101762 - 21 May 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2285
Abstract
One of the separation processes used for the production and purification of hydrogen is molecular sieve adsorption using the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) method. The process uses two beds containing activated carbon and a sequence of four steps (adsorption, depressurization, purge, and repressurization) [...] Read more.
One of the separation processes used for the production and purification of hydrogen is molecular sieve adsorption using the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) method. The process uses two beds containing activated carbon and a sequence of four steps (adsorption, depressurization, purge, and repressurization) for hydrogen production and purification. The initial composition is 0.11 CO, 0.61 H2, and 0.28 CH4 in molar fractions. The aim of this work is to bring the purity of hydrogen to 0.99 in molar fraction and implement controllers that can maintain the desired purity even in the presence of the disturbances that occur in the PSA process. The controller design (discrete PID and state feedback control) was based on the Hammerstein–Wiener model, which had an 80% fit over the rigorous PSA model. Both controllers were validated on a virtual plant of the PSA process, showing great performance and robustness against disturbances. The results obtained show that it is possible to follow the desired trajectory and attenuate double disturbances, while managing to maintain the purity of hydrogen at a value of 0.99 in molar fraction, which meets the international standards to be used as a biofuel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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30 pages, 49266 KiB  
Article
Models of Optimal Operating Modes of the Water-Economic Complex on the Basis of Hydro Resource Price Evaluation
by Yury Sekretarev, Tatyana Myateg, Aminjon Gulakhmadov, Murodbek Safaraliev, Sergey Mitrofanov, Natalya Zubova, Olga Atamanova and Xi Chen
Mathematics 2022, 10(5), 765; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math10050765 - 27 Feb 2022
Viewed by 1581
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to solve the problem of determining the cost of a water resource for the participants of the water-economic complex (WEC) on the basis of the optimal control of hydro power plants’ (HPP) functioning, taking into account their [...] Read more.
The purpose of this article is to solve the problem of determining the cost of a water resource for the participants of the water-economic complex (WEC) on the basis of the optimal control of hydro power plants’ (HPP) functioning, taking into account their regime characteristics and requirements. In this work, a universal method, which combines an optimization method and a method for assessing marginal utility, was proposed to assess the cost of the hydro resource and control the operating modes of the WEC. The method developed by the authors involves the use of water balance, the adequate representation of the incremental rate characteristic and the determination of the cost of the hydro resource for the control of the operating modes of the WEC and HPP. Using the example of the Novosibirsk WEC, as well as HPPs and TPPs, an assessment of the energy efficiency, proposing the concept of a developed methodology for determining the price of water for HPPs and all participants in the WEC, will be obtained. Based on the results of the implementation of the developed approach at Novosibirsk HPPs, the electricity sales price competitive electricity market can be matched with the electricity sales price generated at TPP, which will be approximately 0.16 ¢/kW ∗ h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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21 pages, 549 KiB  
Article
Expect: EXplainable Prediction Model for Energy ConsumpTion
by Amira Mouakher, Wissem Inoubli, Chahinez Ounoughi and Andrea Ko
Mathematics 2022, 10(2), 248; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math10020248 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2142
Abstract
With the steady growth of energy demands and resource depletion in today’s world, energy prediction models have gained more and more attention recently. Reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint are critical factors for achieving efficiency in sustainable cities. Unfortunately, traditional energy prediction models [...] Read more.
With the steady growth of energy demands and resource depletion in today’s world, energy prediction models have gained more and more attention recently. Reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint are critical factors for achieving efficiency in sustainable cities. Unfortunately, traditional energy prediction models focus only on prediction performance. However, explainable models are essential to building trust and engaging users to accept AI-based systems. In this paper, we propose an explainable deep learning model, called Expect, to forecast energy consumption from time series effectively. Our results demonstrate our proposal’s robustness and accuracy when compared to the baseline methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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16 pages, 1578 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Sliding Mode Control to Save Energy in a SCARA Robot
by Luis Arturo Soriano, José de Jesús Rubio, Eduardo Orozco, Daniel Andres Cordova, Genaro Ochoa, Ricardo Balcazar, David Ricardo Cruz, Jesus Alberto Meda-Campaña, Alejandro Zacarias and Guadalupe Juliana Gutierrez
Mathematics 2021, 9(24), 3160; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math9243160 - 08 Dec 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 5454
Abstract
Sliding mode control is a robust technique that is used to overcome difficulties such as parameter variations, unmodeled dynamics, external disturbances, and payload changes in the position-tracking problem regarding robots. However, the selection of the gains in the controller could produce bigger forces [...] Read more.
Sliding mode control is a robust technique that is used to overcome difficulties such as parameter variations, unmodeled dynamics, external disturbances, and payload changes in the position-tracking problem regarding robots. However, the selection of the gains in the controller could produce bigger forces than are required to move the robots, which requires spending a large amount of energy. In the literature, several approaches were used to manage these features, but some proposals are complex and require tuning the gains. In this work, a sliding mode controller was designed and optimized in order to save energy in the position-tracking problem of a two-degree-of-freedom SCARA robot. The sliding mode controller gains were optimized usinga Bat algorithm to save energy by minimizing the forces. Finally, two controllers were designed and implemented in the simulation, and as a result, adequate controller gains were found that saved energy by minimizing the forces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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17 pages, 3816 KiB  
Article
Digital Identification Algorithms for Primary Frequency Control in Unified Power System
by Natalia Bakhtadze, Evgeny Maximov and Natalia Maximova
Mathematics 2021, 9(22), 2875; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math9222875 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1235
Abstract
The article studies and develops the methods for assessing the degree of participation of power plants in the general primary frequency control in a unified energy system (UES) of Russia based on time series analysis of frequency and power. To identify the processes [...] Read more.
The article studies and develops the methods for assessing the degree of participation of power plants in the general primary frequency control in a unified energy system (UES) of Russia based on time series analysis of frequency and power. To identify the processes under study, methods of associative search are proposed. The methods are based on process knowledgebase development, data mining, associative research, and inductive learning. Real-time identification models generated using these algorithms can be used in automatic control and decision support systems. Evaluation of the behavior of individual UES members enables timely prevention of abnormal and emergency situations. Methods for predictive diagnostics of generating equipment in terms of their readiness to participate in the primary frequency control are also proposed. In view of the non-stationarity of the load in electrical networks, the algorithms have been developed using wavelet analysis. Case studies are given showing the operating of the proposed methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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17 pages, 3727 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Natural Gas Hydrate Exploitation in Complex Structure Wells: Productivity Improvement Analysis
by Hongyu Ye, Xuezhen Wu and Dayong Li
Mathematics 2021, 9(18), 2184; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math9182184 - 07 Sep 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2423
Abstract
About 90% of the world’s natural gas hydrates (NGH) exist in deep-sea formations, a new energy source with great potential for exploitation. There is distance from the threshold of commercial exploitation based on the single well currently used. The complex structure well is [...] Read more.
About 90% of the world’s natural gas hydrates (NGH) exist in deep-sea formations, a new energy source with great potential for exploitation. There is distance from the threshold of commercial exploitation based on the single well currently used. The complex structure well is an efficient and advanced drilling technology. The improvement of NGH productivity through various complex structure wells is unclear, and there is no more complete combing. Thus, in order to evaluate their gas production characteristics, we establish a mathematical model for exploitation of NGH, and then 13 sets of numerical models based on the geological parameters of the Nankai Trough in Japan are developed and designed, including a single vertical well, a single horizontal well, 1~4 branch vertical wells, 1~4 branch horizontal wells, and 2~4 branch cluster horizontal wells. The research results indicate that wells with complex structures represented by directional wells and multilateral wells can significantly increase the area of water and gas discharge, especially cluster wells, whose productivity can be increased by up to 2.2 times compared with single wells. Complex structural wells will play an irreplaceable role in the future industrialization of NGH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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16 pages, 2523 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Flexibility Assessment for Power Systems with High Wind Energy Penetration
by Anna Glazunova, Evgenii Semshikov and Michael Negnevitsky
Mathematics 2021, 9(17), 2056; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math9172056 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1622
Abstract
To reduce the reliance on fossil fuel-based generation, many countries expand the use of renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity production. The stochastic and intermittent nature of such sources (i.e., wind and solar) poses challenges to the stable and reliable operation of the [...] Read more.
To reduce the reliance on fossil fuel-based generation, many countries expand the use of renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity production. The stochastic and intermittent nature of such sources (i.e., wind and solar) poses challenges to the stable and reliable operation of the electric power system (EPS) and requires sufficient operational flexibility. With continuous and random changes in the EPS operational conditions, evaluating the system flexibility in a standardized manner may improve the robustness of planning and operating procedures. Therefore, the development of fast algorithms for determining system flexibility is a critical issue. In this paper, the flexibility of the EPS with high wind energy penetration is calculated in real time. In this context, the EPS flexibility is understood as the ability of the system to maintain a balance under irregular and short-term active power variations during a specified time by using the flexibility resources. The EPS flexibility calculation relies on a deterministic method developed to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the EPS readiness to changes in load. Accurate wind power forecasts and the observance of the electric circuit law when solving the optimization problem allow for determining the actual value of the EPS flexibility during a considered time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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18 pages, 2450 KiB  
Article
Integral Equations Related to Volterra Series and Inverse Problems: Elements of Theory and Applications in Heat Power Engineering
by Svetlana Solodusha and Mikhail Bulatov
Mathematics 2021, 9(16), 1905; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math9161905 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1956
Abstract
The paper considers two types of Volterra integral equations of the first kind, arising in the study of inverse problems of the dynamics of controlled heat power systems. The main focus of the work is aimed at studying the specifics of the classes [...] Read more.
The paper considers two types of Volterra integral equations of the first kind, arising in the study of inverse problems of the dynamics of controlled heat power systems. The main focus of the work is aimed at studying the specifics of the classes of Volterra equations of the first kind that arise when describing nonlinear dynamics using the apparatus of Volterra integro-power series. The subject area of the research is represented by a simulation model of a heat exchange unit element, which describes the change in enthalpy with arbitrary changes in fluid flow and heat supply. The numerical results of solving the problem of identification of transient characteristics are presented. They illustrate the fundamental importance of practical recommendations based on sufficient conditions for the solvability of linear multidimensional Volterra equations of the first kind. A new class of nonlinear systems of integro-algebraic equations of the first kind, related to the problem of automatic control of technical objects with vector inputs and outputs, is distinguished. For such systems, sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a unique, sufficiently smooth solution. A review of the literature on these problem types is given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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25 pages, 1014 KiB  
Article
The Optimal Mechanism Design of Retail Prices in the Electricity Market for Several Types of Consumers
by Natalia Aizenberg and Nikolai Voropai
Mathematics 2021, 9(10), 1147; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math9101147 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1624
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the demand side management (DSM) problem: how to incentivize a consumer to equalize the load during the day through price-dependent demand. Traditionally, the retail market offers several electricity payment schemes. A scheme is effective when the different tariffs [...] Read more.
In this paper, we discuss the demand side management (DSM) problem: how to incentivize a consumer to equalize the load during the day through price-dependent demand. Traditionally, the retail market offers several electricity payment schemes. A scheme is effective when the different tariffs satisfy different consumers. At the same time, the existing and generally accepted retail pricing schemes can lead to an "adverse selection" problem when all consumers choose the same price, thereby, reducing the possible general welfare. We propose an optimal design of pricing mechanisms, taking into account the interests of the electricity supplier and different types of consumers. The results of our work are that the optimal mechanism is implemented simultaneously for several periods, including the case when the ratio of types of consumers in periods changes. In addition, the mechanism proposed by us, in contrast to the studies of other researchers, provides an equilibrium close to the socially optimal maximum. We describe the implementation algorithm of the mechanism and provide examples of its action in the electric power system with different types and numbers of consumers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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19 pages, 2122 KiB  
Article
Integral Models Based on Volterra Equations with Prehistory and Their Applications in Energy
by Evgeniia Markova, Inna Sidler and Svetlana Solodusha
Mathematics 2021, 9(10), 1127; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math9101127 - 16 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1693
Abstract
The paper addresses the application of Volterra integral equations of the first kind for modeling dynamic power systems. We study the problem of forecasting the commissioning of capacities of the electric power system, taking into account various hypotheses about the dynamics of equipment [...] Read more.
The paper addresses the application of Volterra integral equations of the first kind for modeling dynamic power systems. We study the problem of forecasting the commissioning of capacities of the electric power system, taking into account various hypotheses about the dynamics of equipment aging, and the known prehistory. The numerical results of the application of two models to the problem of the development of a large electric power system using the example of the Unified Energy System of Russia are presented. Theoretical results were formulated for a two-dimensional Volterra integral equation of the first kind with variable limits of integration. This class of equations arises when solving the actual problem of identifying variable characteristics of a nonlinear dynamic system of the “input-output” type. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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16 pages, 9022 KiB  
Article
Generalization of Methods for Calculating Steady-State Flow Distribution in Pipeline Networks for Non-Conventional Flow Models
by Nikolay Novitsky and Egor Mikhailovsky
Mathematics 2021, 9(8), 796; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math9080796 - 07 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
This paper proposes generalized models and methods for calculating flow distribution in hydraulic circuits with lumped parameters. The main models of the isothermal steady-state flow of medium are classified by an element of the hydraulic circuit. These models include conventional, implicitly specified by [...] Read more.
This paper proposes generalized models and methods for calculating flow distribution in hydraulic circuits with lumped parameters. The main models of the isothermal steady-state flow of medium are classified by an element of the hydraulic circuit. These models include conventional, implicitly specified by flow rate, and pressure-dependent ones. The conditions for their applicability, which ensure the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the flow distribution problem, are considered. We propose generalized nodal pressure and loop flow rate methods, which can be applied regardless of the forms of specific element models. Final algorithms, which require lower computational costs versus the known approaches designed for non-conventional flow models, are substantiated. Proposed models, methods, algorithms, and their capabilities, are analytically and numerically illustrated by an example of a fragment of gas transmission network with compressor stations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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17 pages, 3182 KiB  
Article
Sequential Learning-Based Energy Consumption Prediction Model for Residential and Commercial Sectors
by Ijaz Ul Haq, Amin Ullah, Samee Ullah Khan, Noman Khan, Mi Young Lee, Seungmin Rho and Sung Wook Baik
Mathematics 2021, 9(6), 605; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math9060605 - 11 Mar 2021
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 3758
Abstract
The use of electrical energy is directly proportional to the increase in global population, both concerning growing industrialization and rising residential demand. The need to achieve a balance between electrical energy production and consumption inspires researchers to develop forecasting models for optimal and [...] Read more.
The use of electrical energy is directly proportional to the increase in global population, both concerning growing industrialization and rising residential demand. The need to achieve a balance between electrical energy production and consumption inspires researchers to develop forecasting models for optimal and economical energy use. Mostly, the residential and industrial sectors use metering sensors that only measure the consumed energy but are unable to manage electricity. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of a variety of deep features with several sequential learning models to select the optimized hybrid architecture for energy consumption prediction. The best results are achieved using convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) integrated with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM). The ConvLSTM initially extracts features from the input data to produce encoded sequences that are decoded by BiLSTM and then proceeds with a final dense layer for energy consumption prediction. The overall framework consists of preprocessing raw data, extracting features, training the sequential model, and then evaluating it. The proposed energy consumption prediction model outperforms existing models over publicly available datasets, including Household and Korean commercial building datasets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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25 pages, 19242 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Control of Fuel Cell Converter Based on a New Hamiltonian Energy Function for Stabilizing the DC Bus in DC Microgrid Applications
by Phatiphat Thounthong, Pongsiri Mungporn, Serge Pierfederici, Damien Guilbert and Nicu Bizon
Mathematics 2020, 8(11), 2035; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math8112035 - 15 Nov 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2665
Abstract
DC microgrid applications include electric vehicle systems, shipboard power systems, and More Electric Aircraft (MEA), which produce power at a low voltage level. Rapid developments in hydrogen fuel cell (FC) energy have extended the applications of multi-phase parallel interleaved step-up converters in stabilizing [...] Read more.
DC microgrid applications include electric vehicle systems, shipboard power systems, and More Electric Aircraft (MEA), which produce power at a low voltage level. Rapid developments in hydrogen fuel cell (FC) energy have extended the applications of multi-phase parallel interleaved step-up converters in stabilizing DC bus voltage. The cascade architecture of power converters in DC microgrids may lead to large oscillation and even risks of instability given that the load converters considered as loads feature constant power load (CPL) characteristics. In this article, the output DC bus voltage stabilization and the current sharing of a multi-phase parallel interleaved FC boost converter is presented. The extended Port-Hamiltonian (pH) form has been proposed with the robust controller by adding an integrator action based on the Lyapunov−Energy function, named “Adaptive Hamiltonian PI controller”. The stability and robustness of the designed controller have been estimated by using Mathematica and Matlab/Simulink environments and successfully authenticated by performing experimental results in the laboratory. The results have been obtained using a 2.5 kW prototype FC converter (by two-phase parallel interleaved boost converters) with a dSPACE MicroLabBox platform. The FC main source system is based on a fuel reformer engine that transforms fuel methanol and water into hydrogen gas H2 to a polymer electrolyte membrane FC stack (50 V, 2.5 kW). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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18 pages, 1800 KiB  
Article
Discrete Predictive Models for Stability Analysis of Power Supply Systems
by Natalia Bakhtadze and Igor Yadikin
Mathematics 2020, 8(11), 1943; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/math8111943 - 03 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1646
Abstract
The paper offers an approach to the investigation of the dynamics of nonlinear non-stationary processes with the focus on the risk of dynamic system stability loss. The risk is assessed on the basis of the accumulated knowledge about power supply system operation. New [...] Read more.
The paper offers an approach to the investigation of the dynamics of nonlinear non-stationary processes with the focus on the risk of dynamic system stability loss. The risk is assessed on the basis of the accumulated knowledge about power supply system operation. New methods for power supply modes analysis are developed and applied as follows: linear discrete point knowledge-based models are developed for nonlinear non-stationary objects; wavelet analysis is used for non-stationary processes; stability loss risks are analyzed through the investigation of spectral decompositions of Gramians of these linear predictive models. Case studies are included. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Control in Energy Systems)
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