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Medicina
Special Issues
Latest Advances in the Treatment of Sinus and Nasal Diseases
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Latest Advances in the Treatment of Sinus and Nasal Diseases

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2019) | Viewed by 33232

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eng Ooi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Head of the Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide 5001, Australia
2. Associate Professor, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia
Interests: sinusitis; immunology; rhinitis; sleep apnoea; oncology and carcinogenesis; airway and voice disorders; surgical education and simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There have been significant advances in the management of sinus and nasal diseases, from understanding the pathophysiology and diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis to the development of new techniques and technologies with the expansion of endoscopic sinus surgery to areas beyond the paranasal sinuses.

Diseases of the paranasal sinuses extends to adjacent areas such as the orbit and skull base, affecting the patient’s quality of life. Furthermore, chronic rhinosinusitis remains a heterogenous and complex disease with emerging research on the microbiome, innate immunity and the role of new therapies, such as immunotherapy.

Endoscopic sinus surgery has also improved outcomes for patient with chronic rhinosinusitis. However, controversy remains about the extent of sinus surgery and its benefits on the quality of life of patients. The expanded endonasal approach has also allowed the treatment of diseases of the skull base, orbit and brain.

Therefore, the purpose of this Special Issue is to review current advancements and controversies in the treatment of patients with sinus and nasal diseases with a focus on chronic rhinosinusitis, its effects on patient’s quality of life and the expanded endoscopic surgical approaches to pathology beyond the paranasal sinuses.

Prof. Dr. Eng Ooi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Rhinosinusitis
  • Nasal polyps
  • Rhinology
  • Sinusitis/therapy
  • Sinusitis/microbiology
  • Sinusitis/physiopathology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Endoscopy/instrumentation
  • Skull base neoplasms
  • Cerebrospinal fluid leak
  • Orbital cellulitis
  • Pituitary gland/surgery
  • Treatment outcomes
  • Quality of life
  • Sleep
  • Severe chronic upper airway disease

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 448 KiB  
Article
The Use of Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry Technology to Identify Breath Volatile Organic Compounds for the Detection of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study
by Dhinashini Chandran, Eng H. Ooi, David I Watson, Feruza Kholmurodova, Simone Jaenisch and Roger Yazbeck
Medicina 2019, 55(6), 306; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina55060306 - 25 Jun 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2829
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common form of cancer worldwide, with approximately 630,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The development of low-cost and non-invasive tools for the detection of HNSCC using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in [...] Read more.
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common form of cancer worldwide, with approximately 630,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The development of low-cost and non-invasive tools for the detection of HNSCC using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath could potentially improve patient care. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) technology to identify breath VOCs for the detection of HNSCC. Materials and Methods: Breath samples were obtained from HNSCC patients (N = 23) and healthy volunteers (N = 21). Exhaled alveolar breath samples were collected into FlexFoil® PLUS (SKC Limited, Dorset, UK) sampling bags from newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed, untreated patients with HNSCC and from non-cancer participants. Breath samples were analyzed by Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) (Syft Technologies, Christchurch, New Zealand) using Selective Ion Mode (SIM) scans that probed for 91 specific VOCs that had been previously reported as breath biomarkers of HNSCC and other malignancies. Results: Of the 91 compounds analyzed, the median concentration of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was significantly higher in the HNSCC group (2.5 ppb, 1.6–4.4) compared to the non-cancer group (1.1 ppb, 0.9–1.3; Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p < 0.05). A receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.801 (95% CI, 0.65952–0.94296), suggesting moderate accuracy of HCN in distinguishing HNSCC from non-cancer individuals. There were no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of the other compounds of interest that were analyzed. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of SIFT-MS technology to identify VOCs for the detection of HNSCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in the Treatment of Sinus and Nasal Diseases)
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13 pages, 631 KiB  
Article
Insights on Allergic Rhinitis Management from a Northern Cyprus Perspective and Evaluation of the Impact of Pharmacist-Led Educational Intervention on Patients’ Outcomes
by Günay Arsoy, Ahmet Varış, Louai M. Saloumi, Abdikarim Abdi and Bilgen Başgut
Medicina 2018, 54(5), 83; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina54050083 - 07 Nov 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3232
Abstract
Background and objective: the global prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is rising and yet there is scarce information concerning the diagnosis, management and treatment patterns of AR in Northern Cyprus (NC). This study aims to provide a unique perspective on AR management [...] Read more.
Background and objective: the global prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is rising and yet there is scarce information concerning the diagnosis, management and treatment patterns of AR in Northern Cyprus (NC). This study aims to provide a unique perspective on AR management as well as assessing the effectiveness of the pharmacist-led educational intervention for improving care of AR patients. Methods: across-sectional survey was carried out with community pharmacists (n = 70), patients (n = 138) and ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists (n = 12) in NC. For a controlled interventional trial, trained pharmacists provided a brief education on management of AR and nasal spray technique for patients while other pharmacists provided the usual care. Quality of life (QoL) and other outcome measures on the perceived symptom severity of the two groups were compared after a 6-week period. Results: only 33.3% of the ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists and 15.7% of the community pharmacists are aware of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines. The majority of patients (63%) self-managed with over-the-counter medications. Nasal congestion (96.4%) is the most bothersome symptom and oral antihistamines are the most commonly purchased medications (51.4%), indicating a pattern of suboptimal management. The pharmacists-led educational intervention has resulted in statistically more significant improvement in regards to nasal congestion and QoL for the intervention group patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the current management of AR has not been in accordance with the ARIA guidelines in NC. An educational intervention of the pharmacists can enhance the symptom management and improve the QoL in patients with AR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in the Treatment of Sinus and Nasal Diseases)
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Review

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14 pages, 309 KiB  
Review
Invasive and Non-Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis—A Review and Update of the Evidence
by Peter George Deutsch, Joshua Whittaker and Shashi Prasad
Medicina 2019, 55(7), 319; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina55070319 - 28 Jun 2019
Cited by 111 | Viewed by 8633
Abstract
Fungal infections are a subset of infectious processes that an otolaryngologist is required to be familiar with. They can be encountered in otology, rhinology and head and neck surgery. The presence of fungal rhinosinusitis is well recognised by otolaryngologists, but the classifications and [...] Read more.
Fungal infections are a subset of infectious processes that an otolaryngologist is required to be familiar with. They can be encountered in otology, rhinology and head and neck surgery. The presence of fungal rhinosinusitis is well recognised by otolaryngologists, but the classifications and appropriate management are not so well understood. The prevalence of fungal sinus disease is thought to be have been increasing in recent decades There is speculation that this may be due to increased awareness, antibiotic overuse and increased use of immunosuppressant medications. Added to this, there has been a large amount published on the role of fungi as a causative organism in chronic rhinosinusitis. Given the importance of fungal rhinosinusitis in clinical practice, we aim to review the classification and current management strategies based on up-to-date literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in the Treatment of Sinus and Nasal Diseases)
13 pages, 734 KiB  
Review
Inflammation and Endotyping in Chronic Rhinosinusitis—A Paradigm Shift
by Sinead Ahern and Anders Cervin
Medicina 2019, 55(4), 95; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina55040095 - 05 Apr 2019
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 5743
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passage. It is characterized as inflammation of the sinonasal passage, presenting with two or more symptoms (nasal blockage, secretions, facial pain and headaches) for more than 12 weeks [...] Read more.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passage. It is characterized as inflammation of the sinonasal passage, presenting with two or more symptoms (nasal blockage, secretions, facial pain and headaches) for more than 12 weeks consecutively. The disease is phenotypically differentiated based on the presence of nasal polyps; CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Traditionally, CRSwNP has been associated with a type 2 inflammatory profile, while CRSsNP has been associated with a type 1 inflammatory profile. Extensive work in characterizing the inflammatory profiles of CRS patients has challenged this dichotomy, with great variation both between and within populations described. Recent efforts of endotyping CRS based on underlying pathophysiology have further highlighted the heterogeneity of the disease, revealing mixed inflammatory profiles coordinated by a number of inflammatory cell types. This review will highlight the current understanding of inflammation in CRS, and discuss the importance and impact of refining this understanding in the development of appropriate treatment options for CRS sufferers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in the Treatment of Sinus and Nasal Diseases)
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Other

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7 pages, 2363 KiB  
Case Report
Rapid Effect of Benralizumab for Hypereosinophilia in a Case of Severe Asthma with Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis
by Hiroaki Tsurumaki, Toshiyuki Matsuyama, Kazuma Ezawa, Yasuhiko Koga, Masakiyo Yatomi, Haruka Aoki-Saito, Kazuaki Chikamatsu and Takeshi Hisada
Medicina 2019, 55(7), 336; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina55070336 - 03 Jul 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4131
Abstract
A 56-year-old man with severe asthma underwent bronchial thermoplasty (BT). However, his asthma exacerbated and hypereosinophilia developed 2 months later, thus necessitating oral corticosteroid (OCS) therapy. Six months after BT, a diagnosis of severe asthma with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) was made and [...] Read more.
A 56-year-old man with severe asthma underwent bronchial thermoplasty (BT). However, his asthma exacerbated and hypereosinophilia developed 2 months later, thus necessitating oral corticosteroid (OCS) therapy. Six months after BT, a diagnosis of severe asthma with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) was made and benralizumab treatment was initiated; the blood eosinophil count subsequently decreased and lung function improved, thereby permitting OCS dose tapering. Surprisingly, benralizumab both reduced nasal polyps and ameliorated ECRS. Thus, benralizumab may be a useful drug for the rapid treatment of severe asthma with ECRS, especially in patients with hypereosinophilia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in the Treatment of Sinus and Nasal Diseases)
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7 pages, 4257 KiB  
Case Report
Nasal Chondrosarcoma of the Lower Lateral Cartilage
by Hannah B. Tan and Joanne Rimmer
Medicina 2019, 55(5), 128; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina55050128 - 09 May 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 7495
Abstract
Head and neck chondrosarcomas are incredibly rare with documented cases arising from skull base, maxilla, larynx, and nasal septum. We present the first reported case of chondrosarcoma arising from the lower lateral cartilage of the nose treated with surgical resection and primary reconstruction. [...] Read more.
Head and neck chondrosarcomas are incredibly rare with documented cases arising from skull base, maxilla, larynx, and nasal septum. We present the first reported case of chondrosarcoma arising from the lower lateral cartilage of the nose treated with surgical resection and primary reconstruction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in the Treatment of Sinus and Nasal Diseases)
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