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Medicina
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Diet, Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions for the Treatment of...
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Diet, Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight or Obese Individuals

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 9363

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alina Kuryłowicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
2. Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education Warsaw, Poland
Interests: obesity; adipose tissue; metabolic syndrome; type 2 diabetes; insulin resistance; metabolic inflammation; epigenetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Changes in lifestyle and dietary habits that took place during the last decades resulted in the "outbreak" of a worldwide pandemic of obesity that cannot be ignored any longer. Obesity shortens the lifespan of the affected individuals and, together with the associated metabolic complications, constitutes a significant socio-economic problem. The effectiveness of the available obesity treatment strategies is limited: pharmacological therapies allow for loss of 5–10% of initial weight, while bariatric surgery, although effective, involves high costs and the risk of perioperative complications.

Therefore, lifestyle modifications, including diet and increased physical activity, as well as behavioral interventions, constitute the basis for obesity management. However, given the heterogeneity of obese patients, their different co-morbidities and experience in interventions focused on weight-loss, the therapy should be personalized. The multitude of different dietary protocols, training plans, and available behavioral therapies are confusing for both the physician and the patient and hamper the establishment of a management strategy.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to present recent progress in the research related to the role of lifestyle and behavioral interventions in the treatment of overweight and/or obese individuals

We remain at your disposal for additional questions.

Dr. Alina Kuryłowicz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Obesity
  • Overweight
  • Lifestyle modifications
  • Behavioral interventions
  • Calorie restriction
  • Diet
  • Physical activity
  • Exercise
  • Psychodieteics

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 316 KiB  
Article
Actual Weight, Perceived Weight and Desired Weight of Romanian School Children by Parents and Children
by Lucia Maria Lotrean, Ioana Popa, Mira Florea, Cecilia Lazea, Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu and Codruta Lencu
Medicina 2021, 57(4), 333; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57040333 - 01 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1641
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The perception of the body weight by children and parents influences the consequent actions undertaken for children’s body weight management. This study investigated the correspondence between objective evaluations of Romanian school children (actual weight) and perceptions about weight (perceived weight), [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The perception of the body weight by children and parents influences the consequent actions undertaken for children’s body weight management. This study investigated the correspondence between objective evaluations of Romanian school children (actual weight) and perceptions about weight (perceived weight), preoccupation with body weight management (desired weight) and parents’ perceptions on children’s weight. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was performed among 344 children aged 11 to 14 and 147 parents from Cluj-Napoca, Romania. We made anthropometric measurements of children, and short questionnaires were completed by the children and the parents. Results: The results show that 3.8% of children were underweight, 68.3% had a normal weight and 27.9% were overweight. Of this sample, 61.5% of underweight children, 20% of normal weight children and 43.7% of overweight children had misperceptions about their weight. The percentage of parents who did not estimate their children’s weight correctly was 50%, 11.9% and 41.5%, respectively, for each of the three weight groups. The results of the logistic regression analyses showed that several factors were associated with the misclassification of their own body weight by the children, such as body mass index, gender, weight management practices, misclassification by the parents as well as parent–child discussions on these issues. Conclusions: Education for both Romanian parents and children is needed with regard to correctly identifying and managing children’ body weight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight or Obese Individuals)
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15 pages, 641 KiB  
Article
Role of Parents in Body Mass Reduction in Children with Obesity—Adherence and Success of 1-Year Participation in an Intervention Program
by Valentina Rahelić, Dominika Głąbska, Dominika Guzek, Eva Pavić, Ivana Rumora Samarin, Ana Bogdanić, Anita Špehar Uroić, Nataša Rojnić Putarek and Nevena Krnić
Medicina 2020, 56(4), 168; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina56040168 - 09 Apr 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2602
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obesity in children and adolescents results in a number of serious health-related consequences necessitating early treatment. Support from family members and family-focused lifestyle interventions can improve effectiveness of the treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Obesity in children and adolescents results in a number of serious health-related consequences necessitating early treatment. Support from family members and family-focused lifestyle interventions can improve effectiveness of the treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of parental characteristics and family-based dietary habits on the adherence and success of a body mass reduction program in children with obesity included in a lifestyle intervention program after 1 year. Materials and Methods: The program included dietetic, psychosocial, and endocrine counseling given to individuals either alone or in groups and was conducted by a multidisciplinary team (consisting of endocrinologists, nurses, psychologists, social counselors, dietitians, and physiotherapists). A total of 113 children aged 10–17 years (mean age 12.9 ± 2.0; 60 girls, 53 boys) were included in the program. After 1 year of participation, the rate of adherence and success were assessed. The effect of the participants’ general characteristics, including anthropometric data, as well as parental characteristics (marital status, employment, education, body mass index (BMI), duration of breastfeeding) and the circumstances of meal consumption (eating at home or outside, fast food consumption), was analyzed. Results: The most important factors predicting body mass reduction success were baseline BMI (p < 0.0001) and waist–hip ratio (WHR) (p = 0.04), but they did not predict body mass reduction adherence. Conclusions: The meal consumption habits and support from family members may be among the determinants of adherence to a body mass reduction program for preadolescents and adolescents with obesity. However, the results of the presented study suggested that baseline BMI and WHR are the most important determinants of the body mass reduction success. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight or Obese Individuals)
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10 pages, 319 KiB  
Article
Role of Functional Biomarkers to Identify Early Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Osama Y. Al-Dirbashi, Charu Sharma, Nahid Al Dahouri, Anas Al Aidaros, Shamma Al-Muhairi, Rami Beiram, Salah Gariballa and Juma Al Kaabi
Medicina 2020, 56(3), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56030142 - 20 Mar 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2443
Abstract
Background and objectives: Although laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is effective for obesity management, postoperative vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency is of major concern. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the levels of B12 and its related functional biomarkers, namely, total homocysteine (tHcy), methylmalonic acid [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: Although laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is effective for obesity management, postoperative vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency is of major concern. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the levels of B12 and its related functional biomarkers, namely, total homocysteine (tHcy), methylmalonic acid (MMA), folate, methylcitric acid (MCA), and hemoglobin (Hb), in one-year postoperative LSG patients and matched controls. Materials and Methods: Plasma B12, tHcy, MMA, folate, and MCA were measured in matched controls (n = 66) and patients (n = 71) using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques and protocols in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results: The median B12 concentration in patients (177 pmol/L) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in the controls (334.7 pmol/L). The tHcy and MMA levels were significantly increased (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively) and folate levels were significantly decreased (p = 0.001) in the LSG patients compared to the controls. Interestingly, no significant difference in MCA levels were observed between the two groups. The levels of tHcy and MMA were concomitantly increased with the decreased folate levels in postoperative LSG patients when compared with the controls. The Hb levels were significantly lower in males and females in the patient group compared with those in the control group, respectively (p = 0.005 and p = 0.043). Conclusions: This is the first report of serum levels of B12 and its functional biomarkers in postoperative LSG patients among a local population from the UAE. Our findings revealed significant alterations of the B12 biomarkers, total B12, MMA, and tHcy in one-year postoperative LSG patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight or Obese Individuals)
12 pages, 1788 KiB  
Article
Ultra-Early and Early Changes in Bile Acids and Insulin after Sleeve Gastrectomy among Obese Patients
by Adriana Florinela Cӑtoi, Alina Elena Pârvu, Aurel Mironiuc, Horațiu Silaghi, Ioana Delia Pop and Andra Diana Andreicuț
Medicina 2019, 55(12), 757; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina55120757 - 22 Nov 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1801
Abstract
Background and Objective: In obese patients, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has shown mixed results on bile acid (BA) values. The aim of our study was to examine the potential ultra-early and early changes of the circulating total BA in relation with the changes of [...] Read more.
Background and Objective: In obese patients, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has shown mixed results on bile acid (BA) values. The aim of our study was to examine the potential ultra-early and early changes of the circulating total BA in relation with the changes of insulin resistance (IR) in obese patients submitted to laparoscopic SG. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four obese subjects were investigated for body mass index (BMI), total fasting BA, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and leptin before and at 7 and 30 d after SG. Results: After surgery, mean BMI decreased at the first (p < 0.001) and at the second time point (p < 0.001) relative to baseline. Total fasting BA values did not change significantly at 7 d (p = 0.938) and at 30 d (p = 0.289) after SG. No significant changes were found at 7 d (p = 0.194, p = 0.34) and 30 d (p = 0.329, p = 0.151) after surgery regarding fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, respectively. However, a trend of increased total fasting BA and decreased fasting insulin and HOMA- after laparoscopic SG has been found. Negative correlations between total fasting BA and insulin (r = −0.807, p = 0.009), HOMA-IR (r = −0.855, p = 0.014), and blood glucose (r = −0.761, p = 0.047), respectively, were observed at one month after SG. Conclusion: In conclusion, here, we found a lack of significant changes in total fasting BA, insulin, and HOMA-IR ultra-early and early after SG, which precluded us to consider a possible relation between the variations of BA and IR. However, the presence of the tendency for total fasting BA to increase and for insulin and HOMA-IR to decrease, as well as of the negative correlations one month after laparoscopic SG, suggest that this surgery brings about some changes that point towards the existence, and possibly towards the restoration, at least to some extent, of the link between BA and glucose metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight or Obese Individuals)
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