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Mössbauer Analysis Applied to Metals, Alloys and Compounds

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A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2021) | Viewed by 13545

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Pere Bruna

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Guest Editor

Department de Física, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Tècniques Energètiques (INTE), Barcelona, Spain
Interests: Mössbauer spectroscopy applied to amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys; use of synchrotron radiation in amorphous alloys; bulk metallic glasses and nanocrystalline metallic alloys; high-entropy metallic glasses; microstructural development in nucleation and growth transformations; kinetics of primary crystallization; phase-field modelling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the discovery of the Mössbauer effect in the late 1950s, the recoilless nuclear resonance absorption of gamma rays has been successfully used in a wide range of fields including solid-state research, nuclear physics, material sciences, chemistry, metallurgy, geology, archeology, and biology. This demonstrates the capabilities of Mössbauer spectroscopy and highlights the versatility and complementarity of this kind of spectroscopy to study a diversity of problems like the magnetism in materials, their electronic structure or molecular properties, and bonding relations or relaxation processes. It can also provide information on different kinds of materials: biological samples, crystalline and non-crystalline metals, alloys and compounds, etc.

One of the key features of Mössbauer spectroscopy is the fact that it is a local probe, enabling the possibility, on the one hand, of studying chemically and structurally disordered materials and, on the other hand, of studying site occupancies or vacancies in crystalline materials. This makes this technique one of the few spectroscopies able to do so without the use of synchrotron radiation. This is especially useful in the study of metals and alloys where, for example, the substitution of some Fe atoms in the structure can enhance or reduce the magnetism in the sample.

Furthermore, in recent years there have been advances in the development of synchrotron-radiation-based Mössbauer spectroscopy, opening new paths of study where the benefits of high flux and narrow focusing characteristic of synchrotron radiation can be exploited together with the use of special sample environments, like diamond anvil cells.

The sensitivity of Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to identify the presence of small amounts of phases in compounds. This is of special relevance for environmental studies for the detection and quantification of contaminants, but it is also of industrial interest, especially in the metallurgy industry, because it opens the possibility of getting economic benefits from the wastes after the identification and removal of the non-desired elements or phases.

This Special Issue offers an open-access forum for sharing new findings on the application of the Mössbauer effect in metals, alloys, and compounds. We welcome original research papers and reviews, informing the readers on the new developments, past achievements, and the potential new directions that the field can take. The Guest Editor invites you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue.

Prof. Pere Bruna
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Mössbauer spectroscopy
magnetic properties of compounds
metallic glasses and their crystallization
synchrotron-radiation-based Mössbauer spectroscopy
electronic structure
Mössbauer spectroscopy applied to environmental studies

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Successive Grinding and Polishing Effect on the Retained Austenite in the Surface of 42CrMo4 Steel

by Jiří Pechoušek, Ernö Kuzmann, René Vondrášek, Anna Olina, Vlastimil Vrba, Lukáš Kouřil, Tomáš Ingr, Petr Král and Miroslav Mashlan

Metals 2022, 12(1), 119; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met12010119 - 07 Jan 2022

Viewed by 1680

Abstract

Low-alloy 42CrMo4 steels were studied by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) measurements. The investigations were performed on metallographic samples, which were subjected to a series of successive grinding and polishing with a progressively finer grit. Conversion X-ray Mössbauer spectroscopy (CXMS) was used to determine the occurrence of austenite in steel samples. It is a unique method detecting the austenite content very sensitively. Six samples with different surface preparation were investigated, starting with 4.8% of austenite on an as-cut sample, and a large decrease in the retained austenite to 2.6% was observed after the first grinding of a hardened cut sample. Additionally, an unexpectedly large decrease in the austenite content to 2.3% was found due to the final polishing. A second time applied successive grinding and polishing of all samples resulted in identical austenite content determined by CXMS of approx. 5%, which proved the applicability of the CXMS method. Generally, the result calls attention to the importance of preparation of metallurgical samples by grinding and polishing where the results can vary significantly on the level of surface processing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mössbauer Analysis Applied to Metals, Alloys and Compounds)

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12 pages, 3884 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Evaluation of the Effect of Minor Additions in the Crystallization Path of [(Fe_0.5Co_0.5)_0.75B_0.2Si_0.05]_100-xM_x Metallic Glasses by Means of Mössbauer Spectroscopy

by S. Leila Panahi, Parthiban Ramasamy, Francesc Masdeu, Mihai Stoica, Joan Torrens-Serra and Pere Bruna

Metals 2021, 11(8), 1293; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11081293 - 16 Aug 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1585

Abstract

Understanding the crystallization of metallic glasses is fundamental in the design of new alloys with enhanced properties and better glass-formability. The crystallization of a series of Fe-based metallic glasses of composition [(Fe_0.5Co_0.5)_0.75B_0.2Si_0.05]_100-xM_x (M = Mo, Nb and Zr) has been studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry and transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy. This latter technique allows the following of the microstructural evolution of the studied alloys through the identification and quantification of the several Fe-containing crystalline phases and also through the changes in the amorphous structure at the initial stages of crystallization. The results show that the crystallization products are the same for all the studied compositions (α-Fe, Fe₂B, (FeCo)₂₃B₆ and a paramagnetic remnant) although with different relative proportions and the crystallization of a phase without Fe in the alloys with Zr. Moreover, the addition of Zr favors the crystallization of α-Fe causing a detrimental effect on the glass forming ability, while the increase in Mo content up to 6 at% favors the crystallization of (FeCo)₂₃B₆. The different amount of α-Fe and borides is presented as a measure of the glass forming ability of this type of alloys. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mössbauer Analysis Applied to Metals, Alloys and Compounds)

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12 pages, 10084 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surface Micromorphology and Structure of Stainless and Maraging Steel Obtained via Selective Laser Melting: A Mössbauer Spectroscopy Study

by Fredericus Linderhof, Miroslav Mashlan, Hana Doláková, Tomáš Ingr and Tatiana Ivanova

Metals 2021, 11(7), 1028; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11071028 - 26 Jun 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1687

Abstract

Selective laser melting (SLM) as an additive manufacturing method makes it possible to quickly produce complexly shaped three-dimensional (3D) metal specimens from a powder. This work describes how SLM affects the surface phase composition of a 3D printed specimen, as analyzed with conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS), conversion X-ray Mössbauer spectroscopy (CXMS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Both stainless 1.4404 (CL20ES) steel and maraging 1.2709 (CL50WS) steel have been investigated. A transformation of the phase composition from the ferritic phase into an austenitic one was proven by comparing the initial CL50WS powder and the final specimen using CXMS. This transformation takes place during the SLM process. No transformation was identified in stainless steel. The differences identified via CEMS between the surface phase composition of the final non-annealed specimens and the surface of the final annealed specimens demonstrated the oxidation of the surface layer. The oxidation occurs during the annealing of the sample in surface layers less than 1 μm thick. The quality of the surface was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which presented imperfections on the face of the final specimen. Granules of the initial powder bonded to the surface of the specimen and both irregular and spherical pores were observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mössbauer Analysis Applied to Metals, Alloys and Compounds)

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12 pages, 3139 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Testing the Applicability of ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer Spectroscopy for the Internal Stress Study in Ternary and Co-Doped Ni-Mn-Sn Metamagnetic Alloys

by I. Unzueta, J. López-García, V. Sánchez-Alarcos, V. Recarte, J. I. Pérez-Landazábal, J. A. Rodríguez-Velamazán, J. S. Garitaonandia, J. A. García and F. Plazaola

Metals 2021, 11(3), 450; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11030450 - 09 Mar 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1439

Abstract

The influence of both the Co addition and the internal stress on the atomic level magnetism is comparatively studied in Ni

_{50}

_{37}

_{13}

and Ni

_{45}

_{38}

_{13}

_{4}

alloys by magnetic measurements and

^{119}

Sn Mössbauer [...] Read more.

The influence of both the Co addition and the internal stress on the atomic level magnetism is comparatively studied in Ni

_{50}

_{37}

_{13}

and Ni

_{45}

_{38}

_{13}

_{4}

alloys by magnetic measurements and

^{119}

Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results show that the saturation magnetization and the hyperfine field follow the same temperature trend. The internal stress state is investigated by subjecting the samples to milling and annealing treatments, and tracking the singlet component revealed by

^{119}

Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. Contrary to what was expected, in the Co-doped Ni-Mn-Sn sample the singlet component can be resolved between the milled and annealed states in both martensite and austenite phases. Therefore, the results demonstrate the feasibility of tracking the singlet component upon the structural recovery in Co-doped Ni-Mn-Sn alloys in a much wider range than in ternary alloys. In addition, it is concluded that the transferred dipolar field at Sn from the neighbor magnetic atoms depends very strongly on the stress field and on the microstructural order surrounding Sn atoms. The observed sensitivity of Sn Mössbauer probe atoms to slight microstructural distortions make

^{119}

Sn a powerful technique for the characterization of the stress present in Sn containing metamagnetic shape memory alloys. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mössbauer Analysis Applied to Metals, Alloys and Compounds)

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Review

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26 pages, 6802 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Mössbauer Effect: A Romantic Scientific Page

by Giovanni Principi

Metals 2020, 10(8), 992; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met10080992 - 23 Jul 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5974

Abstract

This article is focused firstly on the basic physics and some historical aspects concerning the discovery of the Mössbauer effect. Then, elements of the spectroscopic methods utilizing this physical phenomenon are given, with some examples of applications to the field of metallurgy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mössbauer Analysis Applied to Metals, Alloys and Compounds)

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