Intracranial Electrodes for Epilepsy: Fabrication, Applications and Indications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B:Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 2521

Special Issue Editors

Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
Interests: clinical neurophysiology; epilepsy; intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring; biomedical engineering; medical devices
Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
Interests: epilepsy; functional neuroimaging
Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
Interests: epilepsy; epilepsy surgery; clinical neurophysiology; intraoperative neuromonitoring
Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
Interests: clinical neurophysiology; epilepsy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) is an essential neurodiagnostic tool for studying people with epilepsy whose seizures cannot be controlled with antiseizure medications. Invasive EEG monitoring provides epileptologists with the ability to accurately identify the brain region(s) where seizures originate and subsequently spread. Source localization techniques can assist with such a determination. Additionally, neuroscientists can utilize invasive EEG recordings to study the basic science of epilepsy, both on a macroscopic and microscopic level. Another evolving application of intracranial electrodes is for neurostimulation treatment of refractory epilepsy through neuromodulation of the abnormal epileptogenic networks. The design and manufacturing of macro- and microelectrodes which can be utilized to obtain high-quality intracranial EEG recordings and to effectively treat medication-refractory epilepsy is crucial. This Special Edition of Micromachines will be dedicated to the design, fabrication, applications, and indications for intracranial electrodes in epilepsy.

Dr. Erik Kobylarz
Dr. George Thomas
Dr. George Culler IV
Dr. Nicole Nicole Odom
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • refractory epilepsy
  • epilepsy surgery
  • neurostimulation
  • intracranial electroencephalography
  • source localization
  • neuromodulation
  • microelectrode
  • macroelectrode
  • fabrication
  • design

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

8 pages, 2114 KiB  
Article
Utilization of Epidural Electrodes as a Diagnostic Tool in Intractable Epilepsy—A Technical Note
by Ran Xu, Johannes Achberger, Dario von Wedel, Peter Vajkoczy, Julia Onken and Ulf C. Schneider
Micromachines 2022, 13(3), 397; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi13030397 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2080
Abstract
The utilization of epidural electrodes in the preoperative evaluation of intractable epilepsy is a valuable but underrepresented tool. In recent years, we have adapted the use of cylindrical epidural 1-contact electrodes (1-CE) instead of Peg electrodes. 1-CEs are more versatile since their explantation [...] Read more.
The utilization of epidural electrodes in the preoperative evaluation of intractable epilepsy is a valuable but underrepresented tool. In recent years, we have adapted the use of cylindrical epidural 1-contact electrodes (1-CE) instead of Peg electrodes. 1-CEs are more versatile since their explantation is a possible bedside procedure. Here we report our experience with 1-CEs as well as associated technical nuances. This retrospective analysis included 56 patients with intractable epilepsy who underwent epidural electrode placement for presurgical evaluation at the Department of Neurosurgery at the Charité University Hospital from September 2011 to July 2021. The median age at surgery was 36.3 years (range: 18–87), with 30 (53.6%) female and 26 (46.4%) male patients. Overall, 507 electrodes were implanted: 93 Fo electrodes, 33 depth electrodes, and 381 epidural electrodes, with a mean total surgical time of 100.5 ± 38 min and 11.8 ± 5 min per electrode. There was a total number of 24 complications in 21 patients (8 Fo electrode dislocations, 6 CSF leaks, 6 epidural electrode dislocations or malfunction, 3 wound infections, and 2 hemorrhages); 11 of these required revision surgery. The relative electrode complication rates were 3/222 (1.4%) in Peg electrodes and 3/159 (1.9%) in 1-CE. In summary, epidural recording via 1-CE is technically feasible, harbours an acceptable complication rate, and adequately replaces Peg electrodes. Full article
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