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Micromachines
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Magnetic Microrobots
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Magnetic Microrobots

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 21861

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mariana Medina-Sánchez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
Interests: medical microrobots; magnetic actuation and imaging; assisted fertilization; targeted drug delivery; biosensing; microfluidics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetic microrobots are one of the three types of untethered medical devices at a small scale which are actuated by external magnetic field gradients, rotating magnetic fields, or a combination of them. They represent a biocompatible solution for performing medical tasks in complex environments or even in living organisms with high controllability. For instance, a helix of a magnetic material rotates around its axis under a rotating magnetic field. Changing the field's orientation and frequency it is possible to control the microrobot direction and speed. Such 'magnetic swimmers' mimic the tails that propel bacteria or sperm cells, and have been shown by many groups to deliver drugs, to transport cells or even as a sensor for active microrheology measurements. Magnetic microrobots come from different sizes and move through diverse biological environments. They are made with different materials and shapes and can be combined with other energy sources, biological or chemical, for propulsion or other triggered functions.

Dr. Mariana Medina-Sánchez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magnetic microrobots
  • medical microrobots
  • magnetic propulsion
  • magnetic guidance
  • feedback control of magnetic microrobots
  • drug delivery
  • fertilization
  • diagnosis
  • cell therapy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 8280 KiB  
Article
Posture Dynamic Modeling and Stability Analysis of a Magnetic Driven Dual-Spin Spherical Capsule Robot
by Huiyuan Yang, Yongshun Zhang, Zhenhu Liu, Xu Liu and Guanxi Liu
Micromachines 2021, 12(3), 238; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi12030238 - 26 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2192
Abstract
In order to realize the intervention operation in the unstructured and ample environments such as stomach and colon, a dual-spin spherical capsule robot (DSCR) driven by pure magnetic torque generated by the universal rotating magnetic field (URMF) is proposed. The coupled magnetic torque, [...] Read more.
In order to realize the intervention operation in the unstructured and ample environments such as stomach and colon, a dual-spin spherical capsule robot (DSCR) driven by pure magnetic torque generated by the universal rotating magnetic field (URMF) is proposed. The coupled magnetic torque, the viscoelastic friction torque, and the gravity torque were analyzed. Furthermore, the posture dynamic model describing the electric-magnetic-mechanical-liquid coupling dynamic behavior of the DSCR in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was established. This model is a second-order periodic variable coefficient dynamics equation, which should be regarded as an extension of the Lagrange case for the dual-spin body system under the fixed-point motion, since the external torques were applied. Based on the Floquet–Lyapunov theory, the stability domain of the DSCR for the asymptotically stable motion and periodic motion were obtained by investigating the influence of the angular velocity of the URMF, the magnetic induction intensity, and the centroid deviation. Research results show that the DSCR can realize three kinds of motion, which are asymptotically stable motion, periodic motion, and chaotic motion, according to the distribution of the system characteristic multipliers. Moreover, the posture stability of the DSCR can be improved by increasing the angular velocity of the URMF and reducing the magnetic induction intensity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Microrobots)
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18 pages, 3232 KiB  
Article
A Tumbling Magnetic Microrobot System for Biomedical Applications
by Elizabeth E. Niedert, Chenghao Bi, Georges Adam, Elly Lambert, Luis Solorio, Craig J. Goergen and David J. Cappelleri
Micromachines 2020, 11(9), 861; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi11090861 - 17 Sep 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 14895
Abstract
A microrobot system comprising an untethered tumbling magnetic microrobot, a two-degree-of-freedom rotating permanent magnet, and an ultrasound imaging system has been developed for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. The microrobot tumbles end-over-end in a net forward motion due to applied magnetic [...] Read more.
A microrobot system comprising an untethered tumbling magnetic microrobot, a two-degree-of-freedom rotating permanent magnet, and an ultrasound imaging system has been developed for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. The microrobot tumbles end-over-end in a net forward motion due to applied magnetic torque from the rotating magnet. By turning the rotational axis of the magnet, two-dimensional directional control is possible and the microrobot was steered along various trajectories, including a circular path and P-shaped path. The microrobot is capable of moving over the unstructured terrain within a murine colon in in vitro, in situ, and in vivo conditions, as well as a porcine colon in ex vivo conditions. High-frequency ultrasound imaging allows for real-time determination of the microrobot’s position while it is optically occluded by animal tissue. When coated with a fluorescein payload, the microrobot was shown to release the majority of the payload over a 1-h time period in phosphate-buffered saline. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that the microrobot’s constituent materials, SU-8 and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), did not show a statistically significant difference in toxicity to murine fibroblasts from the negative control, even when the materials were doped with magnetic neodymium microparticles. The microrobot system’s capabilities make it promising for targeted drug delivery and other in vivo biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Microrobots)
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15 pages, 11925 KiB  
Article
Magnetically Guided Micromanipulation of Magnetic Microrobots for Accurate Creation of Artistic Patterns in Liquid Environment
by Xingfu Li and Toshio Fukuda
Micromachines 2020, 11(7), 697; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi11070697 - 18 Jul 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3848
Abstract
In this paper, a magnetically guided micromanipulation method is proposed to accurately create artistic patterns with magnetic microrobots in a liquid environment for tissue engineering. A magnetically guided device is developed depend on symmetrical combination of square permanent magnets and array layout of [...] Read more.
In this paper, a magnetically guided micromanipulation method is proposed to accurately create artistic patterns with magnetic microrobots in a liquid environment for tissue engineering. A magnetically guided device is developed depend on symmetrical combination of square permanent magnets and array layout of soft magnetic wires, which changed the space distribution of magnetic field of conventional permanent magnet and generated powerful magnetic flux density and high magnetic field gradient. Furthermore, the morphological structure of the magnetic microrobot is flexibly adjusted via precise control of the volumetric flow rates inside the microfluidic device and the magnetic nanoparticles are taken along to enable its controllability by rapid magnetic response. And then, the spatial posture of the magnetic microrobot is contactless controlled by the magnetically guided manipulator and it is released under the influence of surface tension and gravity. Subsequently, the artistic fashions of the magnetic microrobots are precisely distributed via the dot-matrix magnetic flux density of the magnetically guided device. Finally, the experimental results herein demonstrate the accuracy and diversity of the pattern structures in the water and the developed method will be providing a new way for personalized functional scaffold construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Microrobots)
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