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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Henipaviruses: Emergence, Pathogenesis, and Control Measures
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Henipaviruses: Emergence, Pathogenesis, and Control Measures

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 13379

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Chad Mire

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 300 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
Interests: lethal human viruses; henipaviruses; pathogenesis; host–pathogen interactions; vaccines; therapeutics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

More people now have a basic understanding of viruses, thanks in large part to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. As a result, most people now know what a virologist is and understand the importance of investigating all aspects of emerging viruses with high consequence in humans. During this time, the world has witnessed an unprecedented response to SARS-CoV-2 regarding the development and implementation of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines for a novel virus that have been directly used in or on humans during the pandemic. What the general public may not be fully aware of is the fact that there are numerous emerging viruses that have been studied for decades, and these set the foundation for the SARS-CoV-2 response. For these numerous emerging viruses and the viruses that have yet to emerge, there is a need for diagnostics, treatments, therapeutics, and vaccines to be better prepared for future potential outbreaks.

In this Special Issue, we wish to publish reviews and research articles examining the current state of henipaviruses. We invite authors to submit manuscripts that cover their emergence (ecology, reservoir species, transmission, etc.), pathogenesis (clinical human data, host–pathogen interactions, animal models, etc.), and control measures (outbreak response, diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics, etc.).

Prof. Dr. Chad Mire
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • henipaviruses
  • Nipah virus
  • Hendra virus
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • animal models
  • diagnostics
  • therapeutics
  • vaccines

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4005 KiB  
Article
Computational Identification of Potential Multitarget Inhibitors of Nipah Virus by Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics
by Vinay Randhawa, Shivalika Pathania and Manoj Kumar
Microorganisms 2022, 10(6), 1181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10061181 - 09 Jun 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3428
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a recently emerged paramyxovirus that causes severe encephalitis and respiratory diseases in humans. Despite the severe pathogenicity of this virus and its pandemic potential, not even a single type of molecular therapeutics has been approved for human use. Considering [...] Read more.
Nipah virus (NiV) is a recently emerged paramyxovirus that causes severe encephalitis and respiratory diseases in humans. Despite the severe pathogenicity of this virus and its pandemic potential, not even a single type of molecular therapeutics has been approved for human use. Considering the role of NiV attachment glycoprotein G (NiV-G), fusion glycoprotein (NiV-F), and nucleoprotein (NiV-N) in virus replication and spread, these are the most attractive targets for anti-NiV drug discovery. Therefore, to prospect for potential multitarget chemical/phytochemical inhibitor(s) against NiV, a sequential molecular docking and molecular-dynamics-based approach was implemented by simultaneously targeting NiV-G, NiV-F, and NiV-N. Information on potential NiV inhibitors was compiled from the literature, and their 3D structures were drawn manually, while the information and 3D structures of phytochemicals were retrieved from the established structural databases. Molecules were docked against NiV-G (PDB ID:2VSM), NiV-F (PDB ID:5EVM), and NiV-N (PDB ID:4CO6) and then prioritized based on (1) strong protein-binding affinity, (2) interactions with critically important binding-site residues, (3) ADME and pharmacokinetic properties, and (4) structural stability within the binding site. The molecules that bind to all the three viral proteins (NiV-G ∩ NiV-F ∩ NiV-N) were considered multitarget inhibitors. This study identified phytochemical molecules RASE0125 (17-O-Acetyl-nortetraphyllicine) and CARS0358 (NA) as distinct multitarget inhibitors of all three viral proteins, and chemical molecule ND_nw_193 (RSV604) as an inhibitor of NiV-G and NiV-N. We expect the identified compounds to be potential candidates for in vitro and in vivo antiviral studies, followed by clinical treatment of NiV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Henipaviruses: Emergence, Pathogenesis, and Control Measures)
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19 pages, 1625 KiB  
Article
Serological Hendra Virus Diagnostics Using an Indirect ELISA-Based DIVA Approach with Recombinant Hendra G and N Proteins
by Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Kerstin Fischer, Leanne McNabb, Sandra Diederich, Nagendrakumar Balasubramanian Singanallur, Ute Ziegler, Günther M. Keil, Peter D. Kirkland, Maren Penning, Balal Sadeghi, Glenn Marsh, Jennifer Barr and Axel Colling
Microorganisms 2022, 10(6), 1095; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10061095 - 25 May 2022
Viewed by 1633
Abstract
Since the identification of Hendra virus (HeV) infections in horses in Australia in 1994, more than 80 outbreaks in horses have been reported, and four out of seven spillover infections in humans had a fatal outcome. With the availability of a subunit vaccine [...] Read more.
Since the identification of Hendra virus (HeV) infections in horses in Australia in 1994, more than 80 outbreaks in horses have been reported, and four out of seven spillover infections in humans had a fatal outcome. With the availability of a subunit vaccine based on the HeV-Glycoprotein (HeV-G), there is a need to serologically Differentiate the Infected from the Vaccinated Animals (DIVA). We developed an indirect ELISA using HeV-G expressed in Leishmania tarentolae and HeV-Nucleoprotein (HeV-N) expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells as antigens. During evaluation, we tested panels of sera from naïve, vaccinated and infected horses that either originated from a Hendra-virus free region, or had been pre-tested in validated diagnostic tests. Our data confirm the reliability of this approach, as HeV-N-specific antibodies were only detected in sera from infected horses, while HeV-G-specific antibodies were detected in infected and vaccinated horses with a high level of specificity and sensitivity. Given the excellent correlation of data obtained for German and Australian HeV-negative horses, we assume that this test can be applied for the testing of horse serum samples from a variety of geographical regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Henipaviruses: Emergence, Pathogenesis, and Control Measures)
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Review

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20 pages, 1925 KiB  
Review
The Immunobiology of Nipah Virus
by Yvonne Jing Mei Liew, Puteri Ainaa S. Ibrahim, Hui Ming Ong, Chee Ning Chong, Chong Tin Tan, Jie Ping Schee, Raúl Gómez Román, Neil George Cherian, Won Fen Wong and Li-Yen Chang
Microorganisms 2022, 10(6), 1162; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10061162 - 06 Jun 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7861
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that emerged in Malaysia in 1998. It is a human pathogen capable of causing severe respiratory infection and encephalitis. The natural reservoir of NiV, Pteropus fruit bats, remains a continuous virus source for future [...] Read more.
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that emerged in Malaysia in 1998. It is a human pathogen capable of causing severe respiratory infection and encephalitis. The natural reservoir of NiV, Pteropus fruit bats, remains a continuous virus source for future outbreaks, although infection in the bats is largely asymptomatic. NiV provokes serious disease in various mammalian species. In the recent human NiV outbreaks in Bangladesh and India, both bats-to-human and human-to-human transmissions have been observed. NiV has been demonstrated to interfere with the innate immune response via interferon type I signaling, promoting viral dissemination and preventing antiviral response. Studies of humoral immunity in infected NiV patients and animal models have shown that NiV-specific antibodies were produced upon infection and were protective. Studies on cellular immunity response to NiV infection in human and animal models also found that the adaptive immune response, specifically CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, was stimulated upon NiV infection. The experimental vaccines and therapeutic strategies developed have provided insights into the immunological requirements for the development of successful medical countermeasures against NiV. This review summarizes the current understanding of NiV pathogenesis and innate and adaptive immune responses induced upon infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Henipaviruses: Emergence, Pathogenesis, and Control Measures)
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