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Microorganisms
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Orthopedic Infection Characterized by the Presence of Bacterial Biofilm on...
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Orthopedic Infection Characterized by the Presence of Bacterial Biofilm on the Surface of Implants

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2022) | Viewed by 10271

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marta Bottagisio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
Interests: implant-related infections; biofilm; coagulase-negative staphylococci; orthopedics; proteomics
Dr. Alessandro Bidossi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
Interests: microbial physiology; treatment of biofilm-related infections; microscopic investigations of infected samples

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prosthetic joint infection is a recurring and severe complication following total joint arthroplasties, which negatively affects the quality of patients’ lives and the financial resources of the healthcare system. The presence of a foreign body is the triggering event leading to the development of implant-related infections, permitting bacterial attachment and biofilm formation and making the eradication of the infection extremely difficult.

The goal of the Special Issue “Orthopedic Infection Characterized by the Presence of Bacterial Biofilm on the Surface of Implants” is to provide the reader with an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of implant-related infections, including preventive measures aimed at discouraging biofilm formation while supporting the integration of the implant, innovative treatment strategies, and advanced diagnostic technologies. In addition, research unravelling molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation on implants and host–biofilm interaction is welcome.

As Guest Editors, we invite you to submit reviews, and research articles, including short communications, providing cutting-edge scientific knowledge in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of implant-related infections.

Dr. Marta Bottagisio
Dr. Alessandro Bidossi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biofilm
  • prosthetic joint infections (PJI)
  • orthopedic implants
  • implant-related infections
  • PJI diagnosis and treatment
  • clinical microbiology
  • orthopedics
  • chronic infections
  • bacterial adhesion
  • host–pathogen interaction

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 270 KiB  
Article
Postoperative Infection after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Prevention and Management
by George A. Komnos, George Chalatsis, Vasilios Mitrousias and Michael E. Hantes
Microorganisms 2022, 10(12), 2349; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122349 - 28 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4104
Abstract
Infection following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can be one of the most debilitating complications following ACL reconstruction. Its reported incidence is around 1%. Utilization of vancomycin for presoaking the graft is considered an established method for infection prevention. The role of other [...] Read more.
Infection following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can be one of the most debilitating complications following ACL reconstruction. Its reported incidence is around 1%. Utilization of vancomycin for presoaking the graft is considered an established method for infection prevention. The role of other agents, such as gentamycin needs further investigation. Staphylococci are the predominant causative pathogens, while particular attention should be paid to fungal infections due to their long-standing, occult process. Recent data demonstrate that hamstrings autograft may be at an elevated risk of being contaminated leading to subsequent septic arthritis. Diagnosis is set by clinical and laboratory findings and is usually confirmed by intraoperative cultures. Treatment varies, mainly depending on the intraoperative assessment. Satisfactory outcomes have been reported with both graft retaining and removal, and the decision is made upon the arthroscopic appearance of the graft and the characteristics of the infection. Of note, early management seems to lead to superior results, while persistent infection should be managed with graft removal in an attempt to protect the articular cartilage and the knee function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthopedic Infection Characterized by the Presence of Bacterial Biofilm on the Surface of Implants)
15 pages, 345 KiB  
Article
Comparative Phenotypic and Genomic Features of Staphylococci from Sonication Fluid of Orthopedic Implant-Associated Infections with Poor Outcome
by Ingrid Nayara Marcelino Santos, Mariana Neri Lucas Kurihara, Fernanda Fernandes Santos, Tiago Barcelos Valiatti, Juliana Thalita Paulino da Silva, Antônio Carlos Campos Pignatari and Mauro José Salles
Microorganisms 2022, 10(6), 1149; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10061149 - 02 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1695
Abstract
Staphylococcus spp. remain the leading biofilm-forming agents causing orthopedic implant-associated infections (OIAI). This is a descriptive study of phenotypic and genomic features identified in clinical isolates of S. aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) recovered from OIAIs patients that progressed to treatment failure. Ten [...] Read more.
Staphylococcus spp. remain the leading biofilm-forming agents causing orthopedic implant-associated infections (OIAI). This is a descriptive study of phenotypic and genomic features identified in clinical isolates of S. aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) recovered from OIAIs patients that progressed to treatment failure. Ten isolates were identified by matrix-time-of-flight laser-assisted desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and tested for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation. Genotypic characteristics, including, MLST (Multi Locus Sequence Typing), SCCmec typing, virulence and resistance genes were assessed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). All S. aureus harbored mecA, blaZ, and multiple resistance genes for aminoglycosides and quinolones. All MRSA were strong biofilm producers harboring the complete icaADBC and icaR operon. Seven CoNS isolates comprising five species (S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. sciuri, S. capitis and S. lugdunensis) were analyzed, with mecA gene detected in five isolates. S. haemolitycus (isolate 95), and S. lugdunensis were unable to form biofilm and did not harbor the complete icaADBCR operon. High variability of adhesion genes was detected, with atl, ebp, icaADBC operon, and IS256 being the most common. In conclusion, MRSA and CoNS isolates carrying genes for biofilm production, and resistance to β-lactam and aminoglycosides are associated with treatment failure in OIAIs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthopedic Infection Characterized by the Presence of Bacterial Biofilm on the Surface of Implants)
17 pages, 13273 KiB  
Article
Host Environment Shapes S. aureus Social Behavior as Revealed by Microscopy Pattern Formation and Dynamic Aggregation Analysis
by Natsuko Rivera-Yoshida, Marta Bottagisio, Davide Attanasi, Paolo Savadori, Elena De Vecchi, Alessandro Bidossi and Alessio Franci
Microorganisms 2022, 10(3), 526; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10030526 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1730
Abstract
Understanding how bacteria adapt their social behavior to environmental changes is of crucial importance from both biological and clinical perspectives. Staphylococcus aureus is among the most common infecting agents in orthopedics, but its recalcitrance to the immune system and to antimicrobial treatments in [...] Read more.
Understanding how bacteria adapt their social behavior to environmental changes is of crucial importance from both biological and clinical perspectives. Staphylococcus aureus is among the most common infecting agents in orthopedics, but its recalcitrance to the immune system and to antimicrobial treatments in the physiological microenvironment are still poorly understood. By means of optical and confocal microscopy, image pattern analysis, and mathematical modeling, we show that planktonic biofilm-like aggregates and sessile biofilm lifestyles are two co-existing and interacting phases of the same environmentally adaptive developmental process and that they exhibit substantial differences when S. aureus is grown in physiological fluids instead of common lab media. Physicochemical properties of the physiological microenvironment are proposed to be the key determinants of these differences. Besides providing a new tool for biofilm phenotypic analysis, our results suggest new insights into the social behavior of S. aureus in physiological conditions and highlight the inadequacy of commonly used lab media for both biological and clinical studies of bacterial development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthopedic Infection Characterized by the Presence of Bacterial Biofilm on the Surface of Implants)
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Review

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17 pages, 375 KiB  
Review
The Role of Staphylococcal Biofilm on the Surface of Implants in Orthopedic Infection
by Yu Lu, Wei-jie Cai, Zun Ren and Pei Han
Microorganisms 2022, 10(10), 1909; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10101909 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2162
Abstract
Despite advanced implant sterilization and aseptic surgical techniques, implant-associated infection remains a major challenge for orthopedic surgeries. The subject of bacterial biofilms is receiving increasing attention, probably as a result of the wide acknowledgement of the ubiquity of biofilms in the clinical environment, [...] Read more.
Despite advanced implant sterilization and aseptic surgical techniques, implant-associated infection remains a major challenge for orthopedic surgeries. The subject of bacterial biofilms is receiving increasing attention, probably as a result of the wide acknowledgement of the ubiquity of biofilms in the clinical environment, as well as the extreme difficulty in eradicating them. Biofilm can be defined as a structured microbial community of cells that are attached to a substratum and embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that they have produced. Biofilm development has been proposed as occurring in a multi-step process: (i) attachment and adherence, (ii) accumulation/maturation due to cellular aggregation and EPS production, and (iii) biofilm detachment (also called dispersal) of bacterial cells. In all these stages, characteristic proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous compounds are expressed, and their expression is strictly controlled. Bacterial biofilm formation around implants shelters the bacteria and encourages the persistence of infection, which could lead to implant failure and osteomyelitis. These complications need to be treated by major revision surgeries and extended antibiotic therapies, which could lead to high treatment costs and even increase mortality. Effective preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce risks for implant-associated infections are thus in urgent need. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthopedic Infection Characterized by the Presence of Bacterial Biofilm on the Surface of Implants)
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