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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Probiotics and Their Metabolism
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Probiotics and Their Metabolism

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 16382

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Gianluigi Mauriello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
Interests: microencapsulation; probiotic foods; antimicrobial packaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A great deal of research has been done on probiotic microorganisms. However, only a fraction of the potential of probiotics to enhance human health has been explored. This is because microbial metabolism is a complex field of study and it is difficult to understand all the existing correlations between microorganisms and humans. Moreover, the concept behind the term “probiotic” is evolving, and more microorganisms, together with the traditional probiotics, are the subject of new investigations to better understand the role of microbial metabolism in human health. This is the field of the next-generation probiotics, usually indicated as NGPs. Furthermore, a new field related to probiotics has recently been proposed—namely, postbiotics, in which the metabolism of probiotics, even though outside of the host, is of primary interest. In this scenario, any investigation on the metabolism of probiotics, directly or indirectly finalized to the enhancement of human health, is welcome in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Gianluigi Mauriello
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bacteriocins
  • bile salt deconjugation
  • short chain fatty acids
  • antibiotic resistance
  • gastrointestinal transit
  • microencapsulation
  • probiotic genes

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 183 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Probiotics and Their Metabolism”: Editorial
by Mohammed Kamal Salman and Gianluigi Mauriello
Microorganisms 2023, 11(3), 687; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms11030687 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1264
Abstract
As a general theory, the benefits of probiotics to human health and the prevention of disease are promoted by metabolites, which include antimicrobial compounds, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), organic acids, and bio-actives [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Their Metabolism)

Research

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16 pages, 8814 KiB  
Article
Differential Amino Acid Uptake and Depletion in Mono-Cultures and Co-Cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in a Novel Semi-Synthetic Medium
by Andreas Ulmer, Florian Erdemann, Susanne Mueller, Maren Loesch, Sandy Wildt, Maiken Lund Jensen, Paula Gaspar, Ahmad A. Zeidan and Ralf Takors
Microorganisms 2022, 10(9), 1771; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10091771 - 01 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2391
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of the physiology and interactions of microorganisms in starter cultures is critical for the targeted improvement of fermented milk products, such as yogurt, which is produced by Streptococcus thermophilus in co-culture with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. However, the use [...] Read more.
The mechanistic understanding of the physiology and interactions of microorganisms in starter cultures is critical for the targeted improvement of fermented milk products, such as yogurt, which is produced by Streptococcus thermophilus in co-culture with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. However, the use of complex growth media or milk is a major challenge for quantifying metabolite production, consumption, and exchange in co-cultures. This study developed a synthetic medium that enables the establishment of defined culturing conditions and the application of flow cytometry for measuring species-specific biomass values. Time courses of amino acid concentrations in mono-cultures and co-cultures of L. bulgaricus ATCC BAA-365 with the proteinase-deficient S. thermophilus LMG 18311 and with a proteinase-positive S. thermophilus strain were determined. The analysis revealed that amino acid release rates in co-culture were not equivalent to the sum of amino acid release rates in mono-cultures. Data-driven and pH-dependent amino acid release models were developed and applied for comparison. Histidine displayed higher concentrations in co-cultures, whereas isoleucine and arginine were depleted. Amino acid measurements in co-cultures also confirmed that some amino acids, such as lysine, are produced and then consumed, thus being suitable candidates to investigate the inter-species interactions in the co-culture and contribute to the required knowledge for targeted shaping of yogurt qualities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Their Metabolism)
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17 pages, 5256 KiB  
Article
Effects of Spore-Displayed p75 Protein from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG on the Transcriptional Response of HT-29 Cells
by Soo-Ji Kang, Min-Joo Kim, Do-Yeong Son, Seok-Seong Kang and Kwang-Won Hong
Microorganisms 2022, 10(7), 1276; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10071276 - 23 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1998
Abstract
A Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG-derived protein, p75, is one of the key molecules exhibiting probiotic activity. However, the molecular mechanism and transcriptional response of p75 in human intestinal epithelial cells are not completely understood. To gain a deeper understanding of its potential probiotic action, [...] Read more.
A Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG-derived protein, p75, is one of the key molecules exhibiting probiotic activity. However, the molecular mechanism and transcriptional response of p75 in human intestinal epithelial cells are not completely understood. To gain a deeper understanding of its potential probiotic action, this study investigated genome-wide responses of HT-29 cells to stimulation by spore-displayed p75 (CotG-p75) through a transcriptome analysis based on RNA sequencing. Analysis of RNA-seq data showed significant changes of gene expression in HT-29 cells stimulated by CotG-p75 compared to the control. A total of 189 up-regulated and 314 down-regulated genes was found as differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that a large number of activated genes was involved in biological processes, such as epithelial cell differentiation, development, and regulation of cell proliferation. A gene–gene interaction network analysis showed that several DEGs, including AREG, EREG, HBEGF, EPGN, FASLG, GLI2, CDKN1A, FOSL1, MYC, SERPINE1, TNFSF10, BCL6, FLG, IVL, SPRR1A, SPRR1B, SPRR3, and MUC5AC, might play a critical role in these biological processes. RNA-seq results for selected genes were verified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Overall, these results provide extensive knowledge about the transcriptional responses of HT-29 cells to stimulation by CotG-p75. This study showed that CotG-p75 can contribute to cell survival and epithelial development in human intestinal epithelial cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Their Metabolism)
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14 pages, 3307 KiB  
Article
Putrescine Production by Latilactobacillus curvatus KP 3-4 Isolated from Fermented Foods
by Rika Hirano, Aiko Kume, Chisato Nishiyama, Ryosuke Honda, Hideto Shirasawa, Yiwei Ling, Yuta Sugiyama, Misaki Nara, Hiromi Shimokawa, Hiroki Kawada, Takashi Koyanagi, Hisashi Ashida, Shujiro Okuda, Mitsuharu Matsumoto, Hiroki Takagi and Shin Kurihara
Microorganisms 2022, 10(4), 697; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10040697 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3565
Abstract
Polyamines are aliphatic hydrocarbons with terminal amino groups and are essential for biological activities. It has been reported that polyamines have health-promoting effects in animals, such as the extension of lifespan by polyamine intake. The identification of a high polyamine-producing bacterium from foods [...] Read more.
Polyamines are aliphatic hydrocarbons with terminal amino groups and are essential for biological activities. It has been reported that polyamines have health-promoting effects in animals, such as the extension of lifespan by polyamine intake. The identification of a high polyamine-producing bacterium from foods could lead to the development of a novel probiotic candidate. We aimed to identify high polyamine-producing bacteria from food, and isolated and collected bacteria from vegetables and fermented foods produced in Japan. We successfully acquired Latilactobacillus curvatus KP 3-4 isolated from Kabura-zushi as a putrescine producing lactic acid bacteria. Comparing the polyamine synthesis capability of L. curvatus KP 3-4 with that of typical probiotic lactic acid bacteria and L. curvatus strains available from the Japan Collection of Microorganisms, it was found that only L. curvatus KP 3-4 was capable of exporting high levels of putrescine into the culture supernatant. The enhancement of putrescine production by the addition of ornithine, and whole-genome analysis of L. curvatus KP 3-4, suggest that putrescine is synthesized via ornithine decarboxylase. The administration of L. curvatus KP 3-4 to germ-free mice increased the concentration of putrescine in the feces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Their Metabolism)
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Review

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17 pages, 1953 KiB  
Review
Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Health and Disease
by Jumana Abuqwider, Mohammad Altamimi and Gianluigi Mauriello
Microorganisms 2022, 10(3), 522; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10030522 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 6396
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a microorganism with valuable probiotic qualities that has been widely employed in humans to promote health. It is a well-studied probiotic bacterium that exerts beneficial health effects due to several metabolic mechanisms that enhance the production of anti-inflammatory cytochines and [...] Read more.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a microorganism with valuable probiotic qualities that has been widely employed in humans to promote health. It is a well-studied probiotic bacterium that exerts beneficial health effects due to several metabolic mechanisms that enhance the production of anti-inflammatory cytochines and modulate the gut microbiota by the production of antimicrobial molecules, including reuterin. This review provides an overview of the data that support the role of probiotic properties, and the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of some L. reuteri strains in relation to their metabolite production profile on the amelioration of many diseases and disorders. Although the results discussed in this paper are strain dependent, they show that L. reuteri, by different mechanisms and various metabolites, may control body weight and obesity, improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, increase gut integrity and immunomodulation, and attenuate hepatic disorders. Gut microbiota modulation by ingesting probiotic L. reuteri strains could be a promising preventative and therapeutic approach against many diseases and disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Their Metabolism)
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