Targeting Quorum Sensing to Combat Biofilm-Associated Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Biofilm".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2022) | Viewed by 15672

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Guest Editor
The Biofilm Laboratory, The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Interests: antibiotics; biofilms; drug resistance; infectious diseases; quorum sensing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biofilm-associated infections on both biotic and abiotic surfaces are a major health problem due to treatment resistance, resulting in the development of serious chronic infections. The bacteria in biofilms produce extracellular polymeric matrix substances (EPS) that function as anchoring sites for other bacteria. The EPS also acts as a barrier to prevent the penetration of antibiotics and thus contributes to drug resistance. In addition, drug efflux pumps are frequently upregulated in biofilm-associated bacteria. Biofilms are frequently composed of mixed communities of bacteria that communicate with each other through quorum sensing signals involved in regulating bacterial virulence. Many efforts have been made to develop strategies to prevent biofilm formation and to eradicate established biofilms. There is varied evidence that targeting quorum sensing, the Achilles’ heel of biofilms, may assist in resolving biofilm-related diseases. In recent years, several compounds have been documented to modulate quorum sensing or to impede biofilm formation. Some of these compounds also sensitize drug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics, suggesting a tight connection between these processes.

The Special Issue of Microorganisms is open to manuscripts discussing themes related to the following topics:

  1. Regulation of biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms;
  2. Regulation of drug efflux pump expression in pathogenic microorganisms;
  3. Understanding the link between biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance;
  4. Regulation of quorum sensing in pathogenic microorganisms and its importance in sustaining biofilms;
  5. Compounds targeting quorum sensing or biofilm formation that can alleviate infection and/or sensitize microorganisms to antibiotics. 

We would like to invite you to submit an original research article, a review, a commentary, or a short communication discussing one or more of these topics.

Dr. Ronit Sionov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antibiotics
  • biofilms
  • drug resistance
  • infectious diseases
  • quorum sensing
  • pathogens

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3376 KiB  
Article
Anti-Virulence Properties of Plant Species: Correlation between In Vitro Activity and Efficacy in a Murine Model of Bacterial Infection
by José Luis Díaz-Núñez, Macrina Pérez-López, Norma Espinosa, Nayelli Campos-Hernández, Rodolfo García-Contreras, Miguel Díaz-Guerrero, Humberto Cortes-López, Monserrat Vázquez-Sánchez, Héctor Quezada, Mariano Martínez-Vázquez, Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández, Mireya Burgos-Hernández, Bertha González-Pedrajo and Israel Castillo-Juárez
Microorganisms 2021, 9(12), 2424; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms9122424 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2383
Abstract
Several plant extracts exhibit anti-virulence properties due to the interruption of bacterial quorum sensing (QS). However, studies on their effects at the preclinical level are scarce. Here, we used a murine model of abscess/necrosis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to evaluate the anti-pathogenic efficacy [...] Read more.
Several plant extracts exhibit anti-virulence properties due to the interruption of bacterial quorum sensing (QS). However, studies on their effects at the preclinical level are scarce. Here, we used a murine model of abscess/necrosis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to evaluate the anti-pathogenic efficacy of 24 plant extracts at a sub-inhibitory concentration. We analyzed their ability to inhibit QS-regulated virulence factors such as swarming, pyocyanin production, and secretion of the ExoU toxin via the type III secretion system (T3SS). Five of the seven extracts with the best anti-pathogenic activity reduced ExoU secretion, and the extracts of Diphysa americana and Hibiscus sabdariffa were identified as the most active. Therefore, the abscess/necrosis model allows identification of plant extracts that have the capacity to reduce pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, we evaluated the activity of the plant extracts on Chromobacterium violaceum. T3SS (ΔescU) and QS (ΔcviI) mutant strains were assessed in both the abscess/necrosis and sepsis models. Only the ΔescU strain had lower pathogenicity in the animal models, although no activity of plant extracts was observed. These results demonstrate differences between the anti-virulence activity recorded in vitro and pathogenicity in vivo and between the roles of QS and T3S systems as virulence determinants. Full article
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Review

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17 pages, 2504 KiB  
Review
Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching with a Focus on Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Oral Biofilms
by Patricia P. Wright and Srinivas Sulugodu Ramachandra
Microorganisms 2022, 10(9), 1783; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10091783 - 03 Sep 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3502
Abstract
Numerous in vitro studies highlight the role of quorum sensing in the pathogenicity and virulence of biofilms. This narrative review discusses general principles in quorum sensing, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative models and the influence of flow, before focusing on quorum sensing and quorum [...] Read more.
Numerous in vitro studies highlight the role of quorum sensing in the pathogenicity and virulence of biofilms. This narrative review discusses general principles in quorum sensing, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative models and the influence of flow, before focusing on quorum sensing and quorum quenching in cariogenic and periodontopathic biofilms. In cariology, quorum sensing centres on the role of Streptococcus mutans, and to a lesser extent Candida albicans, while Fusobacterium nucleatum and the red complex pathogens form the basis of the majority of the quorum sensing research on periodontopathic biofilms. Recent research highlights developments in quorum quenching, also known as quorum sensing inhibition, as a potential antimicrobial tool to attenuate the pathogenicity of oral biofilms by the inhibition of bacterial signalling networks. Quorum quenchers may be synthetic or derived from plant or bacterial products, or human saliva. Furthermore, biofilm inhibition by coating quorum sensing inhibitors on dental implant surfaces provides another potential application of quorum quenching technologies in dentistry. While the body of predominantly in vitro research presented here is steadily growing, the clinical value of quorum sensing inhibitors against in vivo oral polymicrobial biofilms needs to be ascertained. Full article
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116 pages, 4657 KiB  
Review
Targeting the Holy Triangle of Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria
by Ronit Vogt Sionov and Doron Steinberg
Microorganisms 2022, 10(6), 1239; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10061239 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 8848
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are frequently associated with the formation of biofilms on biotic or abiotic materials that are composed of mono- or multi-species cultures of bacteria/fungi embedded in an extracellular matrix produced by the microorganisms. Biofilm formation is, among others, regulated [...] Read more.
Chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are frequently associated with the formation of biofilms on biotic or abiotic materials that are composed of mono- or multi-species cultures of bacteria/fungi embedded in an extracellular matrix produced by the microorganisms. Biofilm formation is, among others, regulated by quorum sensing (QS) which is an interbacterial communication system usually composed of two-component systems (TCSs) of secreted autoinducer compounds that activate signal transduction pathways through interaction with their respective receptors. Embedded in the biofilms, the bacteria are protected from environmental stress stimuli, and they often show reduced responses to antibiotics, making it difficult to eradicate the bacterial infection. Besides reduced penetration of antibiotics through the intricate structure of the biofilms, the sessile biofilm-embedded bacteria show reduced metabolic activity making them intrinsically less sensitive to antibiotics. Moreover, they frequently express elevated levels of efflux pumps that extrude antibiotics, thereby reducing their intracellular levels. Some efflux pumps are involved in the secretion of QS compounds and biofilm-related materials, besides being important for removing toxic substances from the bacteria. Some efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) have been shown to both prevent biofilm formation and sensitize the bacteria to antibiotics, suggesting a relationship between these processes. Additionally, QS inhibitors or quenchers may affect antibiotic susceptibility. Thus, targeting elements that regulate QS and biofilm formation might be a promising approach to combat antibiotic-resistant biofilm-related bacterial infections. Full article
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