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Microorganisms
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Antimicrobial Nano Surfaces
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Antimicrobial Nano Surfaces

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 11020

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Malgorzata Krzyzowska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Laboratory of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: herpesviruses; nanotechnology; antivirals; neuroinfections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the great extent of globalization, new pathogens can spread all over the world much faster than ever before, and represent a serious health challenge in healthcare settings and public spaces. The current technologies and measurements are able to sensibly slow down the infection spread but their cost is tremendously high. Therefore, there is a clear urgency to develop new antimicrobial treatments and materials to avoid the spread of pathogens.

Nowadays, the use of nanomaterials in biomedical research is highly developed, reaching clinical approval in some cases. The term “nanomaterial” validates only those which belong to the 1–100 nm range. However, they may be combined with other materials proving special, antimicrobial properties.

This Special Issue will focus on current trends and new developments in nanomaterials aimed toward the fight against pathogens. In particular, we encourage submissions on topics that include: new nanostructures showing intrinsic antifouling and antimicrobial properties, mechanisms of biocidal activity of nano surfaces, composite antimicrobial organic and inorganic nanomaterials, interaction of antimicrobial nano surface with cells, and the influence of nanomaterials upon the local immune response of mammalian cells and microbial defense mechanisms.

We welcome you to submit review and research articles, including short communications, on these topics.

Dr. Malgorzata Krzyzowska
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibacterial
  • antiviral
  • nanostructured materials
  • nanocomposites
  • modified nanosurfaces
  • antifouling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 13265 KiB  
Article
Incorporation of Plant Extracted Hydroxyapatite and Chitosan Nanoparticles on the Surface of Orthodontic Micro-Implants: An In-Vitro Antibacterial Study
by Anwar S. Alhazmi, Sohier M. Syame, Wael S. Mohamed and Ashraf S. Hakim
Microorganisms 2022, 10(3), 581; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10030581 - 07 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3202
Abstract
In our study, the structural and morphological applications of hydroxyapatite and chitosan nanoparticles and coated micro-implants were assessed for their ability to combat oral pathogenic bacteria. The hydroxyapatite, as well as chitosan nanoparticles, were synthesized from the Salvadora persica plant. The crystal morphology, [...] Read more.
In our study, the structural and morphological applications of hydroxyapatite and chitosan nanoparticles and coated micro-implants were assessed for their ability to combat oral pathogenic bacteria. The hydroxyapatite, as well as chitosan nanoparticles, were synthesized from the Salvadora persica plant. The crystal morphology, phase composition, particle size, and surface functional groups of the nano-samples were analyzed via classical examinations and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The prepared nanoparticles have been examined for antibacterial activity against four common oral bacterial strains. The antimicrobial effect was also assessed by the Live/Dead BacLight technique in combination with confocal scanning laser microscopy. Titanium micro-implants were coated with regular hydroxyapatite (HAP) and chitosan nanoparticles, and the surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The analysis asserted elemental composition of the prepared nanoparticles and their textural features, metal crystallization, and functional bonds. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against oral pathogenic microorganisms by the disc diffusion method, minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Chitosan nanoparticles showed (MICs) of 8 μg mL−1 for (Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis), and 16 μg mL−1 for Streptococcus sanguinis. HAP nanoparticles showed (MICs) of 16 μg/mL for E. faecalis, and S. sanguis, 8 μg/mL for S. salivarius and finally 4 μg/mL for S. mutans. HAP nanoparticles showed enhanced antibacterial activity and more obvious damage in the bacterial cell membrane than that of synthesized chitosan nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles could successfully coat titanium microplates to enhance their efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Nano Surfaces)
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13 pages, 18090 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Production of Antimicrobial Nanoparticles by Chlorella vulgaris and the Link to Its Loss of Viability
by Munirah F. Aldayel, Mayyadah A. Al Kuwayti and Nermin A. H. El Semary
Microorganisms 2022, 10(1), 145; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10010145 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1905
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris from Al-Ahsa, KSA was proved to be an active silver and gold nanoparticle producer. Nanogold and nanosilver particles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electronmicroscopy. Both nanoparticles were used in the antimicrobial bioassay. The two nanoparticles showed [...] Read more.
Chlorella vulgaris from Al-Ahsa, KSA was proved to be an active silver and gold nanoparticle producer. Nanogold and nanosilver particles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electronmicroscopy. Both nanoparticles were used in the antimicrobial bioassay. The two nanoparticles showed antibacterial activities, with the silver nanoparticles being the most effective. To investigate the argumentative nature of their biosynthesis (i.e., whether it is a biotic or abiotic process), we isolated total ribonucleic acid RNA as an indicator of vitality. RNA was completely absent in samples taken after one week of incubation with silver nitrate and even after one or two days. However, successful extraction was only achievable in samples taken after incubation for one and four hours with silver nitrate. Most importantly, the gel image showed recognizable shearing of the nucleic acid after 4 h as compared to the control. An assumption can be drawn that the synthesis of nanoparticles may start biotically by the action of enzyme(s) and abiotically by action of reducing entities. Nonetheless, with prolonged incubation, excessive nanoparticle accumulation can be deadly. Hence, their synthesis continues abiotically. From the RNA banding profile, we suggest that nanosilver production starts both biotically and abiotically in the first few hours of incubation and then continues abiotically. Nanosilver particles proved to have more of an antimicrobial impact than nanogold and hence are recommended for different applications as antibacterial agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Nano Surfaces)
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18 pages, 2646 KiB  
Article
Lactoferrin-Functionalized Noble Metal Nanoparticles as New Antivirals for HSV-2 Infection
by Malgorzata Krzyzowska, Marcin Chodkowski, Martyna Janicka, Dominika Dmowska, Emilia Tomaszewska, Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda, Katarzyna Bednarczyk, Grzegorz Celichowski and Jaroslaw Grobelny
Microorganisms 2022, 10(1), 110; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10010110 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2471
Abstract
(1) Background: Lactoferrin has been recognized as a potent inhibitor of human herpetic viruses, such as herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2). In this work, we tested if silver and gold nanoparticles modified with lactoferrin (LF-Ag/AuNPs) can become novel microbicides with [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Lactoferrin has been recognized as a potent inhibitor of human herpetic viruses, such as herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2). In this work, we tested if silver and gold nanoparticles modified with lactoferrin (LF-Ag/AuNPs) can become novel microbicides with additional adjuvant properties to treat genital herpes infection. (2) Methods: The antiviral and cytotoxic activities of LF-Ag/AuNPs were tested in human skin HaCaT and vaginal VK-2-E6/E7 keratinocytes. Viral titers and immune responses after treatment with LF-Ag/AuNPs were tested in murine vaginal HSV-2 infection. (3) Results: LF-Ag/AuNPs inhibited attachment and entry of HSV-2 in human keratinocytes much better than lactoferrin. Furthermore, pretreatment with LF-AgNPs led to protection from infection. Infected mice treated intravaginally with LF-Ag/AuNPs showed lower virus titers in the vaginal tissues and spinal cords in comparison to treatment with lactoferrin. Following treatment, vaginal tissues showed a significant increase in CD8+/granzyme B + T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in comparison to NaCl-treated group. LF-Ag/AuNPs-treated animals also showed significantly better expression of IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, and IL-1β in the vaginal tissues. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show that LF-Ag/AuNPs could become effective novel antiviral microbicides with immune-stimulant properties to be applied upon the mucosal tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Nano Surfaces)
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15 pages, 3177 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)
by Jianhui Wu, Cailian Du, Jieming Zhang, Bo Yang, Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson and Shaukat Ali
Microorganisms 2022, 10(1), 1; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10010001 - 21 Dec 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2930
Abstract
Nanotechnology is increasingly being used in areas of pesticide production and pest management. This study reports the isolation and virulence of a new Metarhizium anisopliae isolate SM036, along with the synthesis and characterization of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles followed by studies on the [...] Read more.
Nanotechnology is increasingly being used in areas of pesticide production and pest management. This study reports the isolation and virulence of a new Metarhizium anisopliae isolate SM036, along with the synthesis and characterization of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles followed by studies on the efficacy of nanoparticles against Plutella xylostella. The newly identified strain proved pathogenic to P. xylostella under laboratory conditions. The characterization of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles through different analytical techniques showed the successful synthesis of nanoparticles. SEM and HRTEM images confirmed the synthesis of spherical-shaped nanoparticles; X-ray diffractogram showed strong peaks between 2θ values of 16–30°; and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed a particle size of 75.83 nm for M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles, respectively. The bioassay studies demonstrated that different concentrations of M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles were highly effective against second instar P. xylostella under laboratory and semi-field conditions. These findings suggest that M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles can potentially be used in biorational P. xylostella management programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Nano Surfaces)
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