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Journals
Microorganisms
Special Issues
Candida spp. and Their Virulence
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Candida spp. and Their Virulence

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 7697

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Teresa Gonçalves

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: Candida albicans; Endodontic irrigants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The genus Candida includes several species able to colonize and proliferate in different habitats. Although Candida albicans continues to be the most common agent of human infection, other species have emerged as important pathogens, such as Candida glabrata or Candida parapsilosis, and, lately, Candida auris. The plasticity of the biological traits of Candida spp. relies on their association to microbiotas in a commensal way of life. However, the major concern about these fungi is when they shift into aggressive agents of infection, especially in the susceptible human host, and when resistant to the available therapeutics. The virulence with which Candida species cause damage to the host is strongly linked to the characteristics of each Candida species/strain, their ability to survive to deleterious environments, and the armamentarium to escape or subvert the immune system. Irrespective of their virulence, the engagement of the immune response by these pathobionts can be a major contributor for immune-inflammatory diseases.

This Special Issue aims to detail the characteristics of Candida spp., their interaction with the immune system, and the consequences of this interaction to human health.

Prof. Teresa Gonçalves
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Candida spp.
  • biology of  Candida
  • virulence factors
  • pathogenesis
  • mycobiota

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1412 KiB  
Article
Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of Candida albicans Virulence Traits
by Zinnat Shahina, Ali Molaeitabari, Taranum Sultana and Tanya Elizabeth Susan Dahms
Microorganisms 2022, 10(10), 1989; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10101989 - 08 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2151
Abstract
Plant-based essential oils are promising anti-virulence agents against the multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) leaf and Eugenia caryophyllus (clove) flower bud essential oils revealed eugenol (73 and 75%, respectively) as their major component, with β-caryophyllene, [...] Read more.
Plant-based essential oils are promising anti-virulence agents against the multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) leaf and Eugenia caryophyllus (clove) flower bud essential oils revealed eugenol (73 and 75%, respectively) as their major component, with β-caryophyllene, eugenyl acetate, and α-humulene as common minor components. Cinnamon leaf and clove essential oils had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 600 and 500 µg/mL, respectively against the C. albicans RSY150 reference strain and 1000 and 750 µg/mL, respectively for the clinical reference strain ATCC 10231. The combined oils are additive (FICI = 0.72 ± 0.16) and synergistic (0.5 ± 0.0) against RSY150 and the clinical reference strain, respectively. Mycelial growth was inhibited by sublethal concentrations of either essential oil, which abolished colony growth. At half of the lowest combined lethal concentration for the two oils, the yeast-to-hyphal transition and mycelial growth was potently inhibited. Mutant strains als1Δ/Δ, als3Δ/Δ, hwp1Δ/HWP1+, and efg1Δ/Δ were sensitive to either or both oils, especially efg1Δ/Δ. In conclusion, oils of cinnamon leaf and clove and their combination significantly impact C. albicans virulence by inhibiting hyphal and mycelial growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Candida spp. and Their Virulence)
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10 pages, 1120 KiB  
Communication
Depletion of the Microbiota Has a Modest but Important Impact on the Fungal Burden of the Heart and Lungs during Early Systemic Candida auris Infection in Neutropenic Mice
by Amber M. Pichowicz, Steven R. Torres, Fernando J. Torres-Velez, Adina D. Longyear, Navjot Singh, Erica Lasek-Nesselquist and Magdia De Jesus
Microorganisms 2022, 10(2), 330; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10020330 - 01 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1603
Abstract
The progression and systemic pathobiology of C. auris in the absence of a microbiota have not been described. Here, we describe the influence of the microbiota during the first 5 days of C. auris infection in germ-free or antibiotic-depleted mice. Depletion of the [...] Read more.
The progression and systemic pathobiology of C. auris in the absence of a microbiota have not been described. Here, we describe the influence of the microbiota during the first 5 days of C. auris infection in germ-free or antibiotic-depleted mice. Depletion of the bacterial microbiota in both germ-free and antibiotic-depleted models results in a modest but important increase in the early stages of C. auris infection. Particularly the heart and lungs, followed by the cecum, uterus, and stomach, of intravenously (i.v.) infected neutropenic mice showed significant fungal organ burden. Understanding disease progression and pathobiology of C. auris in individuals with a depleted microbiota could potentially help in the development of care protocols that incorporate supplementation or restoration of the microbiota before invasive procedures, such as transplantation surgeries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Candida spp. and Their Virulence)
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Review

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21 pages, 5661 KiB  
Review
Host’s Immunity and Candida Species Associated with Denture Stomatitis: A Narrative Review
by Pierre Le Bars, Alain Ayepa Kouadio, Octave Nadile Bandiaky, Laurent Le Guéhennec and Marie-France de La Cochetière
Microorganisms 2022, 10(7), 1437; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10071437 - 16 Jul 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3194
Abstract
Denture-related Candida stomatitis, which has been described clinically in the literature, is either localized or generalized inflammation of the oral mucosa in connection with a removable prosthesis. During this inflammatory process, the mycobacterial biofilm and the host’s immune response play an essential role. [...] Read more.
Denture-related Candida stomatitis, which has been described clinically in the literature, is either localized or generalized inflammation of the oral mucosa in connection with a removable prosthesis. During this inflammatory process, the mycobacterial biofilm and the host’s immune response play an essential role. Among microorganisms of this mixed biofilm, the Candida species proliferates easily and changes from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. In this situation, the relationship between the Candida spp. and the host is influenced by the presence of the denture and conditioned both by the immune response and the oral microbiota. Specifically, this fungus is able to hijack the innate immune system of its host to cause infection. Additionally, older edentulous wearers of dentures may experience an imbalanced and decreased oral microbiome diversity. Under these conditions, the immune deficiency of these aging patients often promotes the spread of commensals and pathogens. The present narrative review aimed to analyze the innate and adaptive immune responses of patients with denture stomatitis and more particularly the involvement of Candida albicans sp. associated with this pathology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Candida spp. and Their Virulence)
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