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Microorganisms
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Current Perspectives and Challenges on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
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Current Perspectives and Challenges on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Gut Microbiota".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 8333

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tarek Mazzawi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
Interests: fecal microbiota transplantation; irritable bowel syndrome; endoscopic skills

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Studies concerning gut microbiota, their role in the host’s physiology, and disease development have been hot topics in recent years in different medical fields, in particular gastroenterology. Gut microbiota are the most evolutionarily and functionally diverse organisms in our body and have great importance for our health through their interactions via the gut–brain axis. Several factors can affect the microenvironment of the gut, which increase the burden of diseases through dysbiosis development, emergence of pathogens, and alteration of microbial relationships with the host to a pathogenic state. Fecal microbiota transplantation has been successfully used to treat patients with antibiotic-resistant recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis and has recently been suggested as a new method to restore dysbiosis in both non-gastrointestinal and gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.

An understanding of the functional roles of gut microbiota and fecal microbiota transplantation for the hosts and how host–microbe interactions respond to changes in the gut microenvironment is needed to project future alterations in the gut microenvironment. This understanding can lead to developing creative tools to alter the gut microenvironment.

For this Special Issue, we invite you to send contributions related to the “Current Perspectives and Challenges on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation”.

Dr. Tarek Mazzawi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fecal microbiota transplantation
  • gut microbiota
  • Clostridium difficile antibiotic-resistant bacteria
  • gut dysbiosis
  • host–microbe interactions
  • gut microenvironment

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 707 KiB  
Article
Gut Microbiota and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with Food Allergies: A Systematic Review
by Caroline Jensen, Marie Fagervik Antonsen and Gülen Arslan Lied
Microorganisms 2022, 10(10), 1904; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10101904 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2550
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergies (FAs) has increased considerably in recent decades, with the only available treatment being the avoidance of the specific food items causing the allergy. FAs may have a major impact on quality of life, and it is of great [...] Read more.
The prevalence of food allergies (FAs) has increased considerably in recent decades, with the only available treatment being the avoidance of the specific food items causing the allergy. FAs may have a major impact on quality of life, and it is of great interest to explore new strategies to prevent and treat FAs. Some studies show an altered gut microbiota profile in individuals with FAs, and the modulation of gut microbiota is therefore proposed as a potential strategy for prevention and treatment. This systematic review aimed to investigate: (1) the gut microbiota profile in individuals with FAs compared to healthy individuals and (2) the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on gut microbiota profiles and/or allergy symptoms. A literature search was conducted in PubMed (Medline) on 5 April 2022. Of the 236 publications identified, 12 studies were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eleven of these studies reported results on the gut microbiota in children with FAs compared to healthy controls (HCs). The majority of studies (six studies) observed no difference in alpha diversity when comparing children with FAs to HCs; however, a difference in beta diversity was observed in five studies. At the phylum level, we observed a high abundance of Firmicutes (six studies) and Proteobacteria (five studies), whereas a low abundance of Bacteroidetes (5 studies) was observed in children with FAs compared to HCs. Of the 12 included studies, four explored the effect of FMT on gut microbiota and/or allergy symptoms. Three studies reported that transferring gut microbiota from children without FAs to germ-free mice, protected the mice against allergic reactions, whereas one study did not report findings on the allergic symptoms. The results on gut microbiota after FMT varied and were too divergent to draw any conclusions. Overall, our results suggest that there are differences in the gut microbiota profile in individuals with FAs compared to individuals without FAs. FMT seems to be a promising strategy to prevent allergic symptoms but needs to be further explored in animal and human models. As the findings in this review are based on a small number of studies (12 studies), further studies are warranted before any clear conclusions can be drawn regarding gut microbiota profiles and the effect of FMT on individuals with FAs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Perspectives and Challenges on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation)
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13 pages, 1488 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Anaerobically Cultivated Human Intestinal Microbiota Compared to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Gut Microbiota Profile and Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, a Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
by Tarek Mazzawi, Trygve Hausken, Per Førde Refsnes, Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk and Gülen Arslan Lied
Microorganisms 2022, 10(9), 1819; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10091819 - 11 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2072
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors has been shown to improve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and changes the profile of the gut microbiota for the recipients. Alternatively, anaerobically cultivated human intestinal microbiota (ACHIM) can be used to manipulate the [...] Read more.
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors has been shown to improve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and changes the profile of the gut microbiota for the recipients. Alternatively, anaerobically cultivated human intestinal microbiota (ACHIM) can be used to manipulate the gut microbiota. The aim of the current study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ACHIM suspension with donor-FMT and placebo (patient’s own feces) to treat IBS. Out of the 62 originally included eligible patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS and their respective donors, only 43 patients completed the study by answering the questionnaires and delivering fecal samples before transplantation and after 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks. The patients were randomized into three subgroups for receiving ACHIM suspension (n = 17), donor-FMT (n = 11), or placebo (n = 15), and were followed up for 24 weeks. Fecal samples were analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA gene using the GA-map Dysbiosis Test (Genetic Analysis AS, Oslo, Norway). IBS symptom questionnaires improved in all three subgroups. Bacterial strain signals in IBS patients were more significant for Actinobacteria spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. after receiving donor-FMT compared to placebo and for Alistipes onderdonkii before and after treatment in the subgroups of ACHIM and donor-FMT vs. placebo. These signals change after treatment with ACHIM suspension and donor FMT towards those measured for healthy controls, but not after placebo. IBS symptom questionnaires improved in all three forms of transplantation. Some bacterial strain signals were significantly different between ACHIM and donor-FMT vs. placebo. However, the placebo subgroup failed to change the gut microbiota towards signals measured for healthy controls. The safety and efficacy of ACHIM and donor-FMT seems similar in the current study, but further larger studies are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Perspectives and Challenges on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation)
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Review

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14 pages, 847 KiB  
Review
Gut Microbiota Manipulation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
by Tarek Mazzawi
Microorganisms 2022, 10(7), 1332; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10071332 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3082
Abstract
Increased knowledge suggests that disturbed gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, might promote the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Accordingly, gut microbiota manipulation has evolved in the last decade as a novel treatment strategy in order to improve IBS symptoms. In using different [...] Read more.
Increased knowledge suggests that disturbed gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, might promote the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Accordingly, gut microbiota manipulation has evolved in the last decade as a novel treatment strategy in order to improve IBS symptoms. In using different approaches, dietary management stands first in line, including dietary fiber supplements, prebiotics, and probiotics that are shown to change the composition of gut microbiota, fecal short-chain fatty acids and enteroendocrine cells densities and improve IBS symptoms. However, the exact mixture of beneficial bacteria for each individual remains to be identified. Prescribing nonabsorbable antibiotics still needs confirmation, although using rifaximin has been approved for diarrhea-predominant IBS. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has recently gained a lot of attention, and five out of seven placebo-controlled trials investigating FMT in IBS obtain promising results regarding symptom reduction and gut microbiota manipulation. However, more data, including larger cohorts and studying long-term effects, are needed before FMT can be regarded as a treatment for IBS in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Perspectives and Challenges on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation)
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