Management of Abandoned Mine

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Mineralogy and Biogeochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2022) | Viewed by 3470

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. School of Sciences, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
2. Lab2PT (Landscape, Heritage and Territory Laboratory), ICS, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: pegmatology; ore deposits; mineral exploration; environmental mineralogy; mining liability

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LandS/Lab2PT-Landscapes, Heritage and Territory laboratory (FCT-AUR/04509) and Earth Sciences Department, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: environmental geochemistry and mineralogy; natural stone durability; petrographic features and stone decay; salt weathering; porous media; weathering processes in the built environment; effects of pollutants on stone decay; stone decay as markers of pollution effects; conservation strategies for stone architectural heritage
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Dear Colleagues,

The abandoned mine space has variable characteristics depending on the types of mineral deposits that were the object of exploitation, as well as climatic conditions prevailing in the regions where the mines are located. The study dedicated to the management of derelict mines or mining liability invokes physical or chemical vestiges of the former industrial activities (tails, coatings, newly formed mineral assemblages) and signs of collateral damages associated with those activities, which frequently have a typical mineralogical expression, especially where post-mining environmental remediation did not occur. Hazzard assessment (geotechnics of mining excavations and buildings), industrial mining archeology, environmental geology (water quality and water-rock interaction), and evaluation of the remaining reserves are at the base and serve as a holistic starting point for the management of the abandoned mining sites.

Among the great diversity of themes to be considered at this stage, one that has a broader scope is that which concerns the new, supergene minerals formed both in excavations and mine debris and residues. The great diversity of paragenetic systems that is possible to identify and the existence of minerals, indicating supergene evolutionary lineages and evolutionary conditions, justifies a Special Issue of this publication, including post-sulfide evolution, argillic alteration, surface crusts, underground speleothems and coatings, and newly formed assemblages generated in waste dumps and residual tailings or other mining debris—in a broader sense, all post-mining mineral assemblages. Some of these minerals might be considered as extremophile because they formed in extreme chemical Eh/pH environments that were generated by mining procedures, from extraction to mineral beneficiation and gang residue disposal, frequently in biogenic interaction.  

Any contribution concerning these materials, conditions, and consequences of water–rock interaction and biogenesis, mineral and adsorption sequestration of metals and other contaminants, approaching methods, components of holistic characterization of stages of evolution of mining sites, as well as processes and examples of mine site management, will be very welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Carlos Leal Gomes
Dr. Carlos Alves
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • tailings, mine drainage
  • post-mine minerals
  • derelict mine site
  • mineralogical assessment
  • site management
  • biogenic processes

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

19 pages, 4187 KiB  
Review
Evolution of Sulfidic Legacy Mine Tailings: A Review of the Wheal Maid Site, UK
by Verity Fitch, Anita Parbhakar-Fox, Richard Crane and Laura Newsome
Minerals 2022, 12(7), 848; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12070848 - 01 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2886
Abstract
Historic tailings dams and their associated mine waste can pose a significant risk to human and environmental health. The Wheal Maid mine site, Cornwall, UK, serves as an example of the temporal evolution of a tailings storage facility after mining has ceased and [...] Read more.
Historic tailings dams and their associated mine waste can pose a significant risk to human and environmental health. The Wheal Maid mine site, Cornwall, UK, serves as an example of the temporal evolution of a tailings storage facility after mining has ceased and the acid-generating waste subjected to surficial processes. This paper discusses its designation as a contaminated land site and reviews our current understanding of the geochemistry, mineralogy, and microbiology of the Wheal Maid tailings, from both peer-reviewed journal articles and unpublished literature. We also present new data on waste characterisation and detailed mineral chemistry and data from laboratory oxidation experiments. Particularly of interest at Wheal Maid is the presence of pyrite-bearing “Grey Tailings”, which, under typical environmental conditions at the Earth’s surface, would be expected to have undergone oxidation and subsequently formed acidic and metalliferous mine drainage (AMD). The results identified a number of mechanisms that could explain the lack of pyrite oxidation in the Grey Tailings, including a lack of nutrients inhibiting microbial Fe(II) oxidation, passivation of pyrite mineral surfaces with tailings processing chemicals, and an abundance of euhedral pyrite grains. Such research areas need further scrutiny in order to inform the design of future tailings facilities and associated AMD management protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Abandoned Mine)
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