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Minerals
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The Development of Green Solvents and Their Application in Separation...
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The Development of Green Solvents and Their Application in Separation Processes

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 September 2022) | Viewed by 5321

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yecid Jimenez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Centro de Economía Circular en Procesos Industriales (CECPI), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
Interests: extraction liquid-liquid using green solvents; thermodynamics of electrolyte solutions; recycle of e-waste; life cycle analisys
Prof. Dr. Mariana Conceição da Costa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering (FEQ), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
Interests: study of phase equilibrium; thermodynamic properties of greener solvents; biomass pre-treatment; fractionation to aim biorefinery development; greener solvents as hydrate inhibitors; biofuels and fuels properties

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, the development of green solvents and their application in separation processes is imperative, due to the climate change and the necessity of developing environmentally friendly processes, transitioning forwards circular processes. In this context, in recent years various solvents with interesting properties have been studied, including ionic liquids (IL), deep eutectic solvents (DES) and aqueous systems composed of polymers such as polyethylene glycol. Ionic liquids are often referred to as as “Green Solvents”, since many ionic liquids have negligible vapor pressure, are not flammable, cannot be inhaled and have tunable properties. Certainly, these aspects make ionic liquids safer and more environmentally benign solvents than conventional VOCs (volatile organic compounds). ILs have potential applications in electrochemistry, catalysis, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, hydrometallurgy, and as biological aids, among others. DES are considered a new class of green solvents due to their unique properties, such as easy synthesis, low cost, low volatility, environmental friendliness, high biodegradability, high dissolving power, and structural design feasibility. DESs have applications in metallurgy and electrodeposition, separation and gas capture, nanomaterials’ synthesis, power systems and battery technologies, biocatalysis and organic chemistry, biomass processing, genomics/fundamentals of nucleic acids, biomolecular structure, pharmaceuticals and medical research. The aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consists of two immiscible liquid phases, formed spontaneously by combining aqueous solutions of polymer–electrolyte, polymer–polymer, ionic liquid–polymer or ionic liquid–electrolyte under specific thermodynamic conditions of composition, temperature and pressure. Each phase formed is rich in one of the components, but water is the main component in both phases. This liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) system has high separation efficiency, low cost, easy operation, does not require the use of organic solvents, and some components can be recycled. As a clean and inexpensive alternative, it has been explored for the purification, separation, preconcentration and/or determination of biomolecules, phenolics, colorants and metals.

This Special Issue aims to contribute to the dissemination of all the applications of green solvents and the generation of knowledge that will allow their application on an industrial scale in the future.

Dr. Yecid Jimenez
Prof. Dr. Mariana Conceição da Costa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ionic liquids
  • deep eutectic solvents
  • hydrometallurgy
  • solvent extraction
  • leaching
  • electrowinning
  • e-waste
  • life cycle analysis
  • mineral processing
  • environment, recycling
  • wastewater, tailings
  • urban mining

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

16 pages, 1352 KiB  
Review
Glycine/Glutamate: “Green” Alternatives to Recover Metals from Minerals/Residues—Review of Current Research
by Ingrid Jamett, Paulina Carrasco, Monique Olmos and Pía Hernández
Minerals 2023, 13(1), 22; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min13010022 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1850
Abstract
Currently, the use of called “green solvents” is a challenge that must be assumed by the industry, since they contribute to a friendly process and where its use has been extended, causing research needs, and recognition of application and analysis of potential new [...] Read more.
Currently, the use of called “green solvents” is a challenge that must be assumed by the industry, since they contribute to a friendly process and where its use has been extended, causing research needs, and recognition of application and analysis of potential new uses. The main objective of this study was to analyze the global scientific production related to the use of glycine or glutamate, amino acids that are used in mineral/waste leaching processes for the recovery of metals of interest, in an environmentally friendly manner. A literature search was performed using the Web of science database. Australia is identified as the country that occupies the first place with 17 (41.4%) published documents. For its part, the Hydrometallurgy journal with 13 (34.2%) documents and the Minerals Engineering journal with 10 (26.6%) documents are the journals with the highest number of documents published. In turn, Curtin University 14 (36.8%) is identified as the institution that presents the greatest leadership with respect to the number of publications. This study offers a first approach to the global efforts aimed at this new area of research, which in the last 5 years (2018–2022) has developed most of its publications and where an effort to increase scientific productivity is necessary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Development of Green Solvents and Their Application in Separation Processes)
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20 pages, 1496 KiB  
Review
Perspectives of Using DES-Based Systems for Solid–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Metals from E-Waste
by Rafael M. Dias, Mariana C. da Costa and Yecid P. Jimenez
Minerals 2022, 12(6), 710; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12060710 - 02 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2858
Abstract
In recent years, the linear economic model and global warming have shown that it is necessary to move toward a circular economic model. In this scenario, the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) with green processes is one of the pending [...] Read more.
In recent years, the linear economic model and global warming have shown that it is necessary to move toward a circular economic model. In this scenario, the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) with green processes is one of the pending tasks; thus, in the present review, advances in the solid–liquid and liquid–liquid extraction processes, processes among the most important for the recovery of metals from ores or WEEE, with green solvents such as deep eutectic solvents (DES) are presented and analyzed, identifying the present and future challenges. To date, most articles focused on one of the processes, be it solid–liquid or liquid–liquid extraction, while few reports included the entire hydrometallurgical process, which could be due to heterogeneity of the WEEE, a characteristic that influences determining the leaching kinetic and the leaching mechanisms. A deeper understanding of the phenomenon would help improve this process and the next stage of liquid–liquid extraction. This also leads to the fact that, at the liquid–liquid extraction stage, most articles considered synthetic pregnant leach solutions to evaluate each of the variables, whereas the stripping of the ions and the recycling of the DESs in continuous processes is a challenge that should be addressed in future work. From the analysis, for WEEE leaching, it was identified that acid DESs are those achieving the best extraction percentages in the leaching of copper, lithium, and cobalt, among others, where the most studied hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) is choline chloride with an acid (e.g., citric or lactic acid) as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD). For the liquid–liquid extraction of ions is a greater variety of HBAs (e.g., lidocaine, trioctylphosphine oxide and triphenyl phosphate) and HBDs (e.g., decanoic acid, thenoyltrifluoroacetone, and benzoyltrifluoroacetone) used; however, studies on the extraction of cobalt, lithium, copper, and nickel stand out, where the pH and temperature parameters have great influence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Development of Green Solvents and Their Application in Separation Processes)
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