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Minerals
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Heavy Metals in Marine and Lake Sediments
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Heavy Metals in Marine and Lake Sediments

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 13484

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Liudmila L. Demina

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Guest Editor
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
Interests: marine geochemistry; heavy metals; geochemical fractions; bioaccumulation of trace elements
Prof. Dr. Dmitry Subetto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geography, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 191186 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Interests: paleoclimatology; geochemistry; geography; paleolimnology; lake sedimentogenesis; geomorphology; lithology; geoecology; marine geology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yulia S. Vosel

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Guest Editor
V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Interests: environmental geochemistry; lacustrine sediments; diagenesis; carbonates; uranium geochemistry; atmospheric sediment geochemistry; Be-7; Pb-210; Cs-137

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heavy metals enter lakes and seas through solid and dissolved river runoff, aerosols, melting sea ice, coastal abrasion, and urban activity. In water basins, chemical elements are involved in various biogeochemical processes before being precipitated on the seabed and lake floor. In the catchment area of marine basins and lakes, a lot of the mining, manufacture, and pulp and paper industry plants are located, whose solid and liquid wastes contain heavy metals, including toxic ones. As a result of an increasing anthropogenic impact on seas and lakes, concentrations of heavy metals in components of water ecosystems are strictly regulated.

While studying the biogeochemical cycles of heavy metals (especially iron, which limits primary production) in modern sedimentation processes, examination of the chemical speciation is a useful tool to identify sources and ways of migration and accumulation. It is important to distinguish between the two basically different occurrence forms: (1) geochemical labile ones providing exchange and mobilization processes and (2) geochemical inert ones or lithogenous ones when elements are fixed in the crystalline lattices of clastic and clay minerals. A proportion of heavy metals’ occurrence forms is controlled both by environmental (firstly, primary production) and lithological–geochemical parameters (grain-size and mineral composition, organic carbon content, redox potential, etc.). Investigation of physicochemical occurrence forms of elements allows quantifying a contribution of various biogeochemical processes in their accumulation in bottom sediments.

This Special Issue may be organized into three sections:

  • Section 1 Heavy metals in lake sediments (including comparing background areas with those under strong anthropogenic impact): quantification of bioavailable and inert occurrence forms’ proportion to evaluate potential toxic risks for living organisms;
  • Section 2 Heavy metals in marine sediments of the Arctic and Antarctic seas under enhanced ice-melting conditions: role estimation of climate warming in accumulation processes;
  • Section 3 New approaches and methods in the determination of the heavy metals’ occurrence forms in sediment.

Dr. Liudmila L. Demina
Prof. Dr. Dmitry Subetto
Dr. Yulia S. Vosel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heavy metals
  • lake and marine sediments 
  • occurrence forms
  • anthropogenic impact
  • bioavailable fraction
  • arctic and antarctic sea basins
  • ice melting

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 168 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial for the Special Issue “Heavy Metals in Marine and Lake Sediments”
by Liudmila L. Demina
Minerals 2023, 13(5), 692; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min13050692 - 19 May 2023
Viewed by 723
Abstract
In recent decades, due to global warming and the continuing exploration in the search for mineral resources, the scientific attention paid to contamination problems has increased noticeably [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metals in Marine and Lake Sediments)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

17 pages, 3020 KiB  
Article
Trace Elements in Sediments of Two Lakes in the Valley of the Middle Courses of the Ob River (Western Siberia)
by Vladimir P. Shevchenko, Dina P. Starodymova, Sergey N. Vorobyev, Ramiz A. Aliev, Lyudmila P. Borilo, Larisa G. Kolesnichenko, Artyom G. Lim, Andrey I. Osipov, Vladislav V. Trufanov and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Minerals 2022, 12(12), 1497; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12121497 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1566
Abstract
Lake sediments accumulate various pollutants and act as efficient natural archives suitable for reconstruction the environmental conditions of the past. In contrast to fairly good knowledge of mineral sediments in lakes of European and North America boreal lakes, Siberian lakes of the boreal [...] Read more.
Lake sediments accumulate various pollutants and act as efficient natural archives suitable for reconstruction the environmental conditions of the past. In contrast to fairly good knowledge of mineral sediments in lakes of European and North America boreal lakes, Siberian lakes of the boreal zone remain quite poorly studied. In this work, two cores of lake sediments of the Ob River valley were investigated. Elemental analyses were carried out on the sediments, losses on ignition were determined, and the rate of sedimentation was measured from the activity of Pb-210 and Cs-137. According to the content of organic matter, bottom sediments belong to different types: clastic (Lake Inkino, located in the Ob River floodplain) and organogenic (Lake Shchuchie on the second terrace). The rate of sedimentation in Lake Shchuchie is several times higher than that in Lake Inkino. The sediments of Lake Inkino are similar in composition (including the pattern of rare earth elements) to the suspended particulate matter of the Ob River as well as to average detrital matter of the upper continental crust. Sediments of Lake Shchuchie (sapropels) are enriched in a number of heavy metals. Based on the elemental composition, signs of diagenetic processes and authigenic mineral formation were determined, such as accumulation of carbonates and the formation of manganese oxides and hydroxides. There is an enhanced recent input of Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, Pb, and Bi in the upper layers of sediments as a result of atmospheric anthropogenic pollutant deposition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metals in Marine and Lake Sediments)
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20 pages, 8489 KiB  
Article
Geochemistry of Early Diagenesis in Sediments of Russian Arctic Glacial Lakes (Norilo–Pyasinskaya Water System)
by Anton E. Maltsev, Sergey K. Krivonogov, Yuliya S. Vosel, Valery A. Bychinsky, Leonid V. Miroshnichenko, Alexei S. Shavekin, Galina A. Leonova and Paul A. Solotchin
Minerals 2022, 12(4), 468; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12040468 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1591
Abstract
The Russian Arctic region is lacking in studies on geochemical changes reflecting early sediment diagenesis in lake environments. The paper presents new data on the compositions of bottom sediments and sediment pore water from two lakes of the Norilo–Pyasinskaya water system in Arctic [...] Read more.
The Russian Arctic region is lacking in studies on geochemical changes reflecting early sediment diagenesis in lake environments. The paper presents new data on the compositions of bottom sediments and sediment pore water from two lakes of the Norilo–Pyasinskaya water system in Arctic Siberia. Lakes Pyasino and Melkoye occupy basins left by glaciers that originated from the Putorana Plateau during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Clayey sediments were continuously deposited in the lakes, and the depositional environment has changed only slightly for the last ca. 20 ka. Two sediment cores with lengths of 4.0 and 3.2 m were collected in Lakes Pyasino and Melkoye, respectively, with a Livingstone-type piston corer providing undisturbed, stratigraphically consistent sedimentary sequences. Their analyses revealed a change from oxidized to reduced conditions at a depth of ~10 cm. The concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+, as well as the HCO3−/Ca2+ ratio in pore water, showed a depthward increase indicating the progressive degradation of organic matter. Another trend was the gradual decrease in SO42− alongside increasing HCO3−/SO42− caused by bacterial sulfate reduction, although this was rather weak, judging by the low concentrations of S (II) bound to Fe-sulfides, H2S, etc. Additionally, the microbial digestion of organic matter caused a release of its mobile components, which led to the enrichment of the water in NO3−, PO43−, and DOC. Most of the analyzed elements (Al, B, Ba, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Si, Sr, V, and Zn) reach higher concentrations in the pore water than in the lake water above the water-sediment boundary, which is evidence of diagenetic processes. As a result of redox change, immobile Fe (III) and Mn (IV) natural oxides were reduced to mobile Fe (II) and Mn (II) species and migrated from the solid phase to the pore water, and eventually precipitated as authigenic Fe sulfides and Mn carbonates. The results are useful for better understanding the early diagenesis processes in different geographical settings over the huge Eurasian continent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metals in Marine and Lake Sediments)
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23 pages, 3873 KiB  
Article
The Features of Distribution of Chemical Elements, including Heavy Metals and Cs-137, in Surface Sediments of the Barents, Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas
by Dmitry F. Budko, Liudmila L. Demina, Anna V. Travkina, Dina P. Starodymova and Tatiyana N. Alekseeva
Minerals 2022, 12(3), 328; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12030328 - 06 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2422
Abstract
Over the recent few decades, due to climate warming and the continuing exploration of Arctic seas’ mineral resources, the scientific interest in contamination problems has deepened significantly. In this study, for the first time, we characterize the distribution features of 47 elements (major [...] Read more.
Over the recent few decades, due to climate warming and the continuing exploration of Arctic seas’ mineral resources, the scientific interest in contamination problems has deepened significantly. In this study, for the first time, we characterize the distribution features of 47 elements (major and trace elements, including heavy metals, metalloid As, and Cs-137 technogenic radionuclide) in surface bottom sediments from some areas of the Barents, Kara, Laptev, and East-Siberian Seas. The lithogenic material was the main factor that controlled variability in many elements (Be, Al, Ti, Cr, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, REE, Pb, Th, U, W, and Cs). Among the hydrogenic processes, the formation of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides has the greatest impact on the Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, and Mo, and insignificantly V and Sb, variability in sediments. These, along with minor to moderate values of enrichment factor (EF) for most elements, allowed us to conclude that the observed element distribution is related to predominantly natural processes of thermal abrasion, river-run, and atmospheric input. The exception is As, which exhibited the elevated EF (up to 20) in the western and central Kara Sea, as well as in the Vilkitsky Strait. Since no significant relationship between As and Fe andMn oxyhydroxides distribution was found, we may assume primarily an anthropogenic source of As, related to the peat and/or coal combustion. According to the criteria of Ecological Risks assessment, all the examined areas have a low degree of risk. Data on the specific activity of Cs-137 correspond to the background average values characteristic for these regions. The highest levels of Cs-137 concentration (Bq/kg) were detected in the sediments of the Ob and Yenisei Rivers’ estuaries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metals in Marine and Lake Sediments)
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17 pages, 2679 KiB  
Article
Spatial Variability of Metals in Coastal Sediments of Ełckie Lake (Poland)
by Elżbieta Skorbiłowicz, Weronika Rogowska, Mirosław Skorbiłowicz and Piotr Ofman
Minerals 2022, 12(2), 173; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12020173 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2003
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the content and spatial distribution of metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Co) in sediments in the coastal zone of Ełckie Lake located in the area of "Green Lungs of Poland" in the [...] Read more.
This study aimed to determine the content and spatial distribution of metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Co) in sediments in the coastal zone of Ełckie Lake located in the area of "Green Lungs of Poland" in the north-eastern part of the country, depending on the land use (urban area, agricultural and forest area, and beaches). The concentration of metals was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The average contents of major elements in 28 sediment samples occurred in the following order: Ca > Mg > Fe > Na > K > Mn. The order of these elements in the coastal sediments located within the different parts of the catchment was identical. These elements may originate from natural sources such as the Earth’s crust, soil, and wind-blown dust from unpaved roads. The average contents of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the sediments were as follows: Cr > Zn > Pb > Cu > Co in agricultural and forest areas and beaches (the exception was Cu for beach B, which occurred at the end of the series). A different pattern occurred in urbanized areas: Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Co. The spatial distribution of heavy metals in the sediments indicated the highest contents in the shoreline adjacent to the urbanized part of the catchment. The primary sources of metals in sediment are transportation, coal burning, sanitary sewage from unsewered developments on the lakeshore, and storm runoff from roads. This was confirmed by positive correlations of Zn with Cu (r = 0.58), Pb (r = 0.90), Fe (r = 0.40). No correlations between the studied metals and organic matter were found, which may indicate its insignificant influence on metal content in the sediments. Pearson correlation coefficients also showed no relationship between sediment pH and the presence of metals. Factor analysis (FA) indicated that lithogenic (geogenic) and anthropogenic factors have almost equal shares in the distribution of most of the metals studied. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the average contents of Zn, Cu, Co, and Na in the sediments from urbanized areas are statistically significantly higher than the sediments from other areas (rural/forest, beaches). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metals in Marine and Lake Sediments)
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19 pages, 6926 KiB  
Article
Heavy Metals in Sapropel of Lakes in Suburban Territories of Vilnius (Lithuania): Reflections of Paleoenvironmental Conditions and Anthropogenic Influence
by Gytautas Ignatavičius, Jonas Satkūnas, Alma Grigienė, Irena Nedveckytė, Howlader Rahidul Hassan and Vaidotas Valskys
Minerals 2022, 12(1), 17; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12010017 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2552
Abstract
Geochemical and lithological parameters of sapropel in lakes, combined with pollen data and radiocarbon 14C dating, contain a wide spectrum of environmental information. This includes records of fluctuations of water level and changes of conditions of sedimentation, accumulation of organic matter and [...] Read more.
Geochemical and lithological parameters of sapropel in lakes, combined with pollen data and radiocarbon 14C dating, contain a wide spectrum of environmental information. This includes records of fluctuations of water level and changes of conditions of sedimentation, accumulation of organic matter and chemical elements due to climate change, human impacts and other environmental changes. Rising concentrations of hazardous substances in the natural sediments are likely to be a high risk to the natural environment. At the same time, they can greatly reduce opportunities for environmental engineering of lakes. Four lakes with different trophic states and anthropogenic pressures were chosen for this study in Lithuania. Higher concentrations of elements like Cr, Cu and Zn were not only detected in the top most layers of sapropel but also in deeper layers and are attributed to lithogenic association of trace elements in such deep layers. Concentrations of Pb were detected only in upper layers of sapropel which indicates the impact of anthropogenic activity. The main source of heavy metals was multidimensional anthropogenic pollution leading to a biogenic–anthropogenic association of elements. Sapropel with low concentrations of heavy metals exhibits a different inter-association matrix because most of the elements tend to form lithogenic–clastogenic associations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metals in Marine and Lake Sediments)
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23 pages, 5090 KiB  
Article
Concentration Levels and Features of the Distribution of Trace Elements in the Sapropel Deposits of Small Lakes (South of Western Siberia)
by Vera Strakhovenko, Ekaterina Ovdina, Georgy Malov, Nadezhda Yermolaeva and Eugeniya Zarubina
Minerals 2021, 11(11), 1210; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min11111210 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1543
Abstract
The processes of the migration and concentration of trace elements during sedimentation in small continental lakes in various landscape zones of the south of Western Siberia have been studied. We provide a quantitative assessment of the concentration levels and changes in the regional [...] Read more.
The processes of the migration and concentration of trace elements during sedimentation in small continental lakes in various landscape zones of the south of Western Siberia have been studied. We provide a quantitative assessment of the concentration levels and changes in the regional geochemical background of Cd, Hg, Sb, Zn, and Pb in sapropel deposits over the past 200 years. It was shown that complex natural processes determined by a combination of azonal factors play a fundamental role in the formation of the geochemical and mineral compositions of the bottom sediments of small lakes in various landscape zones in the south of Western Siberia. These consist of: the formation of sedimentary material in the lake catchment depending on the relief, geology, soil, and vegetation cover, as well as anthropogenic influences; the formation of authigenic organic and mineral matter as a result of biological, biochemical, and physicochemical processes; and the deposition of a complex mixture of allochthonous and autochthonous matter at the bottom of a lake, which flows under conditions of prolonged ice formation (anaerobic conditions). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metals in Marine and Lake Sediments)
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