Mafic Magma Petrogenesis during Supercontinental Assembly versus Breakup

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 2559

Special Issue Editor

Department of Earth Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
Interests: igneous petrology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well understood how plate tectonics continuously facilitate partial mantle melting through its decompression along spreading centres and its hydration above subducting plates. In addition, plate-independent, relatively fixed, and long-lived hot spots are likely controlled by anomalously hot and geochemically enriched mantle plumes. Continental mafic magmatism is more enigmatic and, regarding the supercontinental cycles of a secularly cooled Earth, it has been proposed that two different types of large mafic magma events form during assemblies and breakups. Such a conditioned duality not only follows totally different convergent and divergent settings, respectively, but may also link to deeper, whole-mantle, and dynamic cycles of ocean crust accretions onto the Earth's core and its heated remobilization as D" mantle plumes; as well as shallower petrogenetic triggers like the thermal blanketing by supercontinents. For this Special Issue, we invite any contribution that either specifically addresses this conditioned duality or presents a case study of any continental mafic magmatism, as long as its mantle source, petrogenesis, and emplacement may be related to a supercontinental assembly or breakup setting, or a transition between these. We hope, thereby, to shed more factual light on what may be a contentious topic.

Dr. Martin Bromann Klausen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • igneous petrology
  • plate tectonics
  • mantle melting
  • magma differentiation
  • crustal assimilation
  • (isotope) geochemistry

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 6130 KiB  
Article
Sr-Nd-Pb-Ca Isotopes of Holocene Basalts from Jingpohu, NE China: Implications for the Origin of Their Enriched Mantle Signatures
by Feixiang Wei, Bo Pan and Jiandong Xu
Minerals 2021, 11(8), 790; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min11080790 - 21 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2064
Abstract
The geochemistry on Holocene lavas from the Jingpohu volcanic field in NE China are compared with other Cenozoic lavas from across the back-arc rift of NE China, in order to constrain their enriched mantle sources. Holocene lavas within Jingpohu volcanic field comprise two [...] Read more.
The geochemistry on Holocene lavas from the Jingpohu volcanic field in NE China are compared with other Cenozoic lavas from across the back-arc rift of NE China, in order to constrain their enriched mantle sources. Holocene lavas within Jingpohu volcanic field comprise two separate “Crater Forest” (CF) and “Frog Pool” (FP) volcanic areas. FP lavas have lower MgO, CaO, and heavy rare earth elements and higher Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, and large-ion lithophile elements than CF lavas. Yet, both CF and FP lavas share similar isotopic signatures, with depleted Sr and Nd isotopes (87Sr/86Sr = 0.703915–0.704556, 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512656–0.512849) and unradiogenic Pb isotopes (208Pb/204Pb = 37.79–38.06, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.45–15.54, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.49–18.15), similar to oceanic island basalts. An important new constraint for the Jingpohu lavas lies in their Ca isotopes of δ44/40Ca from 0.63‰ to 0.77‰, which are lower than that of the bulk silicate earth (0.94 ± 0.05‰). By comparing the isotopic signatures of sodic lavas with that of the potassic lavas across NE China, we propose a three-component mixing model as the source for the sodic lavas. In consistence with geophysical results, we propose that subducting Pacific plate induces asthenospheric mantle upwelling of an upper depleted mantle (DM), including subducted ancient sediments (EM I), which partially melted upon ascent. These primary melts further interacted with the lithospheric mantle (EM II), before differentiating within crustal magma chambers and erupting. Full article
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