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Minerals
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Advanced Technologies in Mineral Separation in Complex Ore Systems
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Advanced Technologies in Mineral Separation in Complex Ore Systems

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 June 2022) | Viewed by 8395

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Emmanuel Manlapig

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sustainable Minerals Institute (SMI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Interests: mineral liberation; flotation; mineral separation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

There is a growing demand for minerals that are required to drive the world economy. The demand is driven in the areas of construction, electric vehicle transportation, green energy generation and storage, communication, electronics, etc. This demand continues to require an increase in the extraction and production of more minerals and associated metals. On the other hand, as the source of simple ores continue to be depleted, there is increasing need to extract minerals from more complex ore bodies where the grade is lower and the mineralogy is more complex, i.e., finer grained with a more complex structure, these orebodies require more energy to crush and grind in order for valuable minerals to be separated and liberated from waste. As the grind gets finer, the disposal of waste products has become more complex. This has led to the development of new and advanced technologies, including equipment and methods, in all aspects of ore characterisation, breakage, separation, and environmentally benign disposal of tailings.

This Special Edition is focused on works in the development and application of methodologies and technologies in ore-characterisation, geo-metallurgy, comminution (including HPGR and high voltage pulse breakage), pre-concentration and sorting, coarse and fine particle flotation, and other mineral separation technologies. Moreover, it will also focus on new methods and techniques for the modelling, production, and disposal of waste and tailings.

Prof. Dr. Emmanuel Manlapig
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mineral separation
  • complex ore systems
  • ore-characterisation
  • geo-metallurgy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5403 KiB  
Article
Mineralogy and Innovative Flash Flotation Separation of Cu-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Ore in Weak Acidic Pulp
by Fan Feng, Wenbiao Liu, Siqing Liu and Siyu Chen
Minerals 2022, 12(8), 1041; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12081041 - 19 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2051
Abstract
Intimate knowledge of the mineralogical assembly of the Yushui complex ore rich in Cu, Pb, and Ag is essential if efficient separation processing is to be conducted. With the aid of testing instruments, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and [...] Read more.
Intimate knowledge of the mineralogical assembly of the Yushui complex ore rich in Cu, Pb, and Ag is essential if efficient separation processing is to be conducted. With the aid of testing instruments, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and mineral liberation analyzer (MLA) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), the texture, such as the size distribution, dissemination, and association of the minerals, was investigated. The results demonstrate that the ore consists of 35 categories of minerals, assaying Cu 7.99%, Pb 9.39%, and Zn 1.96% in the forms of chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, respectively, and silver assaying 157.9 g/t is closely associated with these sulfides; sulfides are present in amounts of 80.31% of the total, traditional gangues only 19.69%, and pyrite as a Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag carrier mineral up to 44.80%. According to the characteristics of the ore, the innovative process of flash copper flotation in weak acidic pulp and lead flotation, followed by further copper recovery, was developed. The closed-circuit test shows that copper concentrate assays Cu 16.33%, Pb 7.98%, Ag 242 g/t at Cu recovery of 86.67%; lead concentrate contains Pb 46.23%, Cu 3.75%, Ag 165 g/t at Pb recovery of 56.84%; total recovery of silver in both concentrates is 75.57%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Mineral Separation in Complex Ore Systems)
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13 pages, 1843 KiB  
Article
Reducing Negative Effects of Oxidation on Flotation of Complex Cu–Zn Sulfide Ores
by Seda Özçelik and Zafir Ekmekçi
Minerals 2022, 12(8), 1016; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12081016 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1821
Abstract
Surface oxidation of the sulfide minerals negatively affects the flotation performance, i.e., the selectivity and even the recoveries at heavy oxidation conditions. Oxidation may take place during the formation of the ore, during mining and stockpiling, and during the flotation process. Stockpiling of [...] Read more.
Surface oxidation of the sulfide minerals negatively affects the flotation performance, i.e., the selectivity and even the recoveries at heavy oxidation conditions. Oxidation may take place during the formation of the ore, during mining and stockpiling, and during the flotation process. Stockpiling of large amounts of ore is a common practice in mine sites for blending the process–plant feed. However, a long stockpiling time may cause severe surface oxidation of the complex sulfide ores, particularly the complex Cu–Zn sulfide ores containing secondary copper minerals, which resulted in loss of Cu–Zn selectivity and copper recovery. A complex Cu–Zn sulfide ore was used to investigate effects of stockpile time on flotation performance and to determine the most efficient mitigation method to restore the flotation performance. Batch-scale flotation tests were performed on a heavily oxidized sample using sulfidization, high intensity conditioning, and their combination. The results showed that sulfidization desliming and stage addition of depressants during flotation was the most effective method for producing a copper concentrate from oxidized ores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Mineral Separation in Complex Ore Systems)
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13 pages, 3322 KiB  
Article
α-Amino Phosphonic Acid as the Oxidized Ore Collector: Flexible Intra-Molecular Proton Transfer Providing an Improved Flotation Efficiency
by Pan Chen, Jinggang Wang, Yameng Sun, Shaoyi Cheng, Huanzhi Gao, Hongbin Wang and Jian Cao
Minerals 2022, 12(8), 918; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12080918 - 22 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1258
Abstract
The efficient separation of ilmenite is a difficult problem in minerals flotation. For this issue, α-aminooctyl phosphinic acid (APA) was developed as a selective collector to separate ilmenite. The flotation test result showed that APA was more efficient for improving ilmenite recovery [...] Read more.
The efficient separation of ilmenite is a difficult problem in minerals flotation. For this issue, α-aminooctyl phosphinic acid (APA) was developed as a selective collector to separate ilmenite. The flotation test result showed that APA was more efficient for improving ilmenite recovery compared with octylphosphonic acid (OPA). Adsorption, ZETA and FTIR measurements proved that the chemical interaction between collector APA and the surface of ilmenite was stronger than OPA, while the result is completely opposite in the case of titanaugite. Moreover, XPS test and DFT calculations indicated that the collector APA was coordinated with the surface of ilmenite through P-O-Fe and P-O-Ti bonding. The amine group in the α-site of the phosphonyl group facilitated APA to be a stable zwitterion in the solution, which greatly enhanced the nucleophilicity of the phosphonic acid group. On the other hand, more appropriate coordination energy was another reason for the superior collecting selectivity of APA than OPA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Mineral Separation in Complex Ore Systems)
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17 pages, 5021 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Internal Classification in Coarse Particle Flotation of Chalcopyrite Using the CoarseAIRTM
by Luke J. Crompton, Md. Tariqul Islam and Kevin P. Galvin
Minerals 2022, 12(6), 783; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12060783 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2717
Abstract
This work introduces the CoarseAIR™, a novel system utilizing a three-phase fluidized bed and a system of inclined channels to facilitate coarse particle flotation and internal size classification. Internal classification in the CoarseAIR™ was investigated in a series of continuous steady-state experiments at [...] Read more.
This work introduces the CoarseAIR™, a novel system utilizing a three-phase fluidized bed and a system of inclined channels to facilitate coarse particle flotation and internal size classification. Internal classification in the CoarseAIR™ was investigated in a series of continuous steady-state experiments at different inclined channel spacings. For each experimental series, a low-grade chalcopyrite ore was milled to a top size of 0.53 mm and methodically prepared to generate a consistent feed. The air rate to the system was adjusted to determine the impact of the gas flux on coarse particle flotation and overall system performance, with a focus on maximizing both copper recovery and coarse gangue rejection. A new feed preparation protocol led to low variability in the state of the feed, and in turn strong closure in the material balance. Hence, clear conclusions were drawn due to the high-quality datasets. Inclined channel spacings of z = 6 and z = 9 mm were used. The z = 9 mm spacing produced more favourable copper recovery and gangue rejection. Higher gas fluxes of 0.30 to 0.45 cm/s had a measurable, adverse effect on the recovery of the coarser hydrophobic particles, while the gas flux of 0.15 cm/s delivered the best performance. Here, the cumulative recovery was 90%, and mass rejection was 60% at 0.50 mm, while the +0.090 mm recovery was 83% with a gangue rejection of 85%. The system displayed robust performance across all conditions investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Mineral Separation in Complex Ore Systems)
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