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Green Synthesis and Application of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

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A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2022) | Viewed by 32467

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Priyanka Singh

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Guest Editor

The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Interests: nanoparticles; nanotechnology; green synthesis; medical applications of nanoparticles; cancer; microbiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gold and silver nanoparticles are among the wide variety of core materials available. Coupled with tunable surface properties in the form of an inorganic or inorganic–organic hybrid, they have been reported as an excellent material for a broad range of next-generation applications. Gold and silver nanoparticles still bring new application opportunities for nanotechnology.

This Special Issue on “Green Synthesis and Application of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles” will gather interdisciplinary works in the fields of material, biomedical, and chemical sciences. The Special Issue is dedicated to the novel synthesis of nanomaterials by biological approaches, as well as challenges such as the description of the mechanism formation of nanoparticles in various systems, and their stability and physicochemical characteristics, targeting novel applications of green nanomaterials in biological system. Advances in such materials will demonstrate specific properties and versatile applications in the future.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit original research manuscripts within the scope of this Special Issue. Short communication and state-of-the-art reviews will also be greatly appreciated.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Chemistry.

Dr. Priyanka Singh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Silver nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles
Green synthesis
Mechanism
Biomedical applications

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2346 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Trigonella incise (Linn) Mediated Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles

by Fozia Fozia, Nisar Ahmad, Zohra Aftab Buoharee, Ijaz Ahmad, Madeeha Aslam, Abdul Wahab, Riaz Ullah, Shakeel Ahmad, Amal Alotaibi and Akash Tariq

Molecules 2022, 27(14), 4618; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27144618 - 20 Jul 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1639

Abstract

The goal of the research was to explore a new green method used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from an aqueous extract of Trigonella incise, which serves as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The obtained results showed an 85% yield of nanoparticles by using 2:5 (v/v) of 5% plant extract with a 0.5 M solution of AgNO₃. Different techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Ag NPs, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–visible spectroscopy. The UV–visible spectra of green synthesized silver nanoparticles showed maximum absorption at a wavelength of 440 nm. The FT-IR studies revealed the stretching oscillation frequency of synthesized silver nanoparticles in the absorption band near 860 cm⁻¹. Similarly, the bending and stretching oscillation frequencies of the NH function group were assigned to the band in the 3226 cm⁻¹ and 1647 cm⁻¹ regions. The bending vibration of C-O at 1159 cm⁻¹ confirmed the carbonyl functional group that was also assigned to the small intensity band in the range of 2361 cm⁻¹. The X-ray diffraction analysis of Ag NPs revealed four distinct diffraction peaks at 2θ of 38°, 45°, 65° and 78°, corresponds to (111), (200), (220) and (311) of the face-centered cubic shape. The round shape morphology of Ag NPs with a mean diameter in the range 20–80 nm was analyzed via SEM images. Furthermore, the nanoparticles showed more significant antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with an inhibition zone of 21.5 mm and 20.5 mm at 6 μg/mL concentrations, respectively, once compared to the standard reference. At concentrations of 2 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL, all of the bacterial strains showed moderate activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 11 mm to 18.5 mm. Even at high concentrations of AgNPs, S. typhi showed maximum resistance. The best antifungal activity was observed by synthesized Ag NPs against Candida albicans (C. albicans) with 21 mm zone of inhibition, as compared to a standard drug which gives 22 mm of inhibition. Therefore, we conclude that the antibacterial and antifungal activities showed satisfactory results from the synthesized Ag NPs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Application of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles)

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20 pages, 4066 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tannic Acid-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Used in Biomedical Application as an Effective Antimelioidosis and Prolonged Efflux Pump Inhibitor against Melioidosis Causative Pathogen

by Oranee Srichaiyapol, Saengrawee Thammawithan, Pawinee Siritongsuk, Sawinee Nasompag, Sakda Daduang, Sompong Klaynongsruang, Sirinan Kulchat and Rina Patramanon

Molecules 2021, 26(4), 1004; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26041004 - 14 Feb 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3488

Abstract

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative pathogen of melioidosis and this bacterium is resistant to several antibiotics. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an interesting agent to develop to solve this bacterial resistance. Here, we characterize and assess the antimelioidosis activity of AgNPs against these pathogenic bacteria. AgNPs were characterized and displayed a maximum absorption band at 420 nm with a spherical shape, being well-monodispersed and having high stability in solution. The average size of AgNPs is 7.99 ± 1.46 nm. The antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs was evaluated by broth microdilution. The bactericidal effect of AgNPs was further assessed by time-kill kinetics assay. Moreover, the effect of AgNPs on the inhibition of the established biofilm was investigated by the crystal violet method. In parallel, a study of the resistance induction development of B. pseudomallei towards AgNPs with efflux pump inhibiting effect was performed. We first found that AgNPs had strong antibacterial activity against both susceptible and ceftazidime-resistant (CAZ-resistant) strains, as well as being efficiently active against B. pseudomallei CAZ-resistant strains with a fast-killing mode via a bactericidal effect within 30 min. These AgNPs did not only kill planktonic bacteria in broth conditions, but also in established biofilm. Our findings first documented that the resistance development was not induced in B. pseudomallei toward AgNPs in the 30th passage. We found that AgNPs still showed an effective efflux pump inhibiting effect against these bacteria after prolonged exposure to AgNPs at sublethal concentrations. Thus, AgNPs have valuable properties for being a potent antimicrobial agent to solve the antibiotic resistance problem in pathogens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Application of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles)

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18 pages, 4104 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pleurotus sajor-caju-Mediated Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Active against Colon Cancer Cell Lines: A New Era of Herbonanoceutics

by Vivek K. Chaturvedi, Navneet Yadav, Neeraj K. Rai, Noura H. Abd Ellah, Raghvendra A. Bohara, Ibrahim F. Rehan, Najat Marraiki, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Helal F. Hetta and M. P. Singh

Molecules 2020, 25(13), 3091; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25133091 - 07 Jul 2020

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 3918

Abstract

Herbal medicines are widely used worldwide and much appreciated because of their fewer side effects and the ability to fight diseases at the root cause. Active ‘phyto’ ingredients require a scientific approach and a mechanism to distribute components at the target site for better therapeutic results. Nanotechnology, on the other hand, has created new hope for cancer treatment but is still far from being proven in clinical settings. This article combines a unique approach to synthesis with the use of Pleurotus sajor-caju, followed by microwave irritation of silver and gold nanoparticles that ensures the capping of the active phyto ingredient and further enhances the effects of nanomedicine to fight colon cancer, thus opening a new era of what we call herbonanoceutics. The article also compares the characteristics and properties of silver (Au) and gold (Ag) nanoparticles synthesized by an in house developed novel microwave-assisted rapid green synthesis method. The as-prepared Ag NPs and Au NPs were compared using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Our comparative study revealed that both assemblies display face-centred cubic structures (FCCs) and are nanocrystalline in nature. The advantage of the approach was that the sizes of gold and silver were identical in range with a similar distribution pattern. This has helped us to study the activity against colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) without incoherence since size plays a key role in the application. More specifically, morphological changes, cell viability, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the fragmentation of DNA have been further reported to assess better the results obtained with the two metals. Our results suggest that the newly adopted synthesis method may ensure the dual benefits from phyto ingredients which further enhances the effectiveness of advanced nanomedicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Application of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles)

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Graphical abstract

19 pages, 1980 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles: Assessment of Their Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Study of Capping Proteins

by Magdalena Wypij, Tomasz Jędrzejewski, Maciej Ostrowski, Joanna Trzcińska, Mahendra Rai and Patrycja Golińska

Molecules 2020, 25(13), 3022; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25133022 - 02 Jul 2020

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 3608

Abstract

The development of nanotechnology in the last two decades has led to the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various biomedical applications, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer therapies. However, the potential of the medical application of AgNPs depends on the safety of their use. In this work, we assessed the in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles and identified biomolecules covering AgNPs synthesized from actinobacterial strain SH11. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was studied by MTT assay, cell LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release, and the measurement of ROS (reactive oxygen species) level while genotoxicity in Salmonella typhimurium cells was testing using the Ames test. The in vitro analysis showed that the tested nanoparticles demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against RAW 264.6 macrophages and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, biosynthesized AgNPs did not show a mutagenic effect of S. typhimurium. The analyses and identification of biomolecules present on the surface of silver nanoparticles showed that they were associated with proteins. The SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) analysis revealed the presence of 34 and 43 kDa protein bands. The identification of proteins performed by using LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) demonstrated their highest homology to bacterial porins. Capping biomolecules of natural origin may be involved in the synthesis process of AgNPs or may be responsible for their stabilization. Moreover, the presence of natural proteins on the surface of bionanoparticles eliminates the postproduction steps of capping which is necessary for chemical synthesis to obtain the stable nanostructures required for application in medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Application of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles)

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17 pages, 7463 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Sustainable Approach for the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Solibacillus isronensis sp. and Their Application in Biofilm Inhibition

by Priyanka Singh, Santosh Pandit, VRSS Mokkapati, Jørgen Garnæs and Ivan Mijakovic

Molecules 2020, 25(12), 2783; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25122783 - 16 Jun 2020

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3350

Abstract

The use of bacteria as nanofactories for the green synthesis of nanoparticles is considered a sustainable approach, owing to the stability, biocompatibility, high yields and facile synthesis of nanoparticles. The green synthesis provides the coating or capping of biomolecules on nanoparticles surface, which confer their biological activity. In this study, we report green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by an environmental isolate; named as AgNPs1, which showed 100% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with Solibacillus isronensis. UV/visible analysis (UV/Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The stable nature of nanoparticles was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Further, these nanoparticles were tested for biofilm inhibition against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The AgNPs showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 3.12 µg/mL and 6.25 µg/mL for E. coli, and 1.56 µg/mL and 3.12 µg/mL for P. aeruginosa, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Application of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles)

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Review

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39 pages, 9374 KiB

Open AccessReview

Green Silver and Gold Nanoparticles: Biological Synthesis Approaches and Potentials for Biomedical Applications

by Andrea Rónavári, Nóra Igaz, Dóra I. Adamecz, Bettina Szerencsés, Csaba Molnar, Zoltán Kónya, Ilona Pfeiffer and Monika Kiricsi

Molecules 2021, 26(4), 844; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26040844 - 05 Feb 2021

Cited by 137 | Viewed by 15240

Abstract

The nanomaterial industry generates gigantic quantities of metal-based nanomaterials for various technological and biomedical applications; however, concomitantly, it places a massive burden on the environment by utilizing toxic chemicals for the production process and leaving hazardous waste materials behind. Moreover, the employed, often unpleasant chemicals can affect the biocompatibility of the generated particles and severely restrict their application possibilities. On these grounds, green synthetic approaches have emerged, offering eco-friendly, sustainable, nature-derived alternative production methods, thus attenuating the ecological footprint of the nanomaterial industry. In the last decade, a plethora of biological materials has been tested to probe their suitability for nanomaterial synthesis. Although most of these approaches were successful, a large body of evidence indicates that the green material or entity used for the production would substantially define the physical and chemical properties and as a consequence, the biological activities of the obtained nanomaterials. The present review provides a comprehensive collection of the most recent green methodologies, surveys the major nanoparticle characterization techniques and screens the effects triggered by the obtained nanomaterials in various living systems to give an impression on the biomedical potential of green synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis and Application of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles)

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