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Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities
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Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Cross-Field Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 69558

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Smaoui Slim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
Interests: Bioactive compounds; Analytical Chemistry; Food technology; Functional food properties; Bioinformatics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, there has been a growing need for both nutritional and healthy foods with superior functional properties. In this line, bioactive compounds are economically available in different foods systems with limitations in quality and functionality.

The present Special Issue is placed in this context, and aims to provide a collection of modern chemical strategies developed with the intent of extracting, characterizing, tracing, or authenticating food bioactive compounds. Original research articles dealing with innovative techniques for the extraction (e.g., green chemistry) of bioactive compounds are welcome. In addition, when discussing modern analytical methods, the structural characterization and identification of these active components is required. Attention will also be devoted to theoretical aspects of the determination of the bioactivity and mechanisms of action of food bioactive compounds as well as challenging properties for application as drug agents. Review articles providing an overview of the latest trends in this area of interest are also very welcome.

Dr. Smaoui Slim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioactive compounds
  • non-conventional extraction techniques
  • modern analytical methods
  • authenticity
  • molecular mechanism
  • functional properties

Published Papers (24 papers)

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19 pages, 2719 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial Activity of Quercetin, Naringenin and Catechin: Flavonoids Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Hemolysis and Modify Membranes of Bacteria and Erythrocytes
by Artem G. Veiko, Ewa Olchowik-Grabarek, Szymon Sekowski, Anna Roszkowska, Elena A. Lapshina, Izabela Dobrzynska, Maria Zamaraeva and Ilya B. Zavodnik
Molecules 2023, 28(3), 1252; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules28031252 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2796
Abstract
Search for novel antimicrobial agents, including plant-derived flavonoids, and evaluation of the mechanisms of their antibacterial activities are pivotal objectives. The goal of this study was to compare the antihemolytic activity of flavonoids, quercetin, naringenin and catechin against sheep erythrocyte lysis induced by [...] Read more.
Search for novel antimicrobial agents, including plant-derived flavonoids, and evaluation of the mechanisms of their antibacterial activities are pivotal objectives. The goal of this study was to compare the antihemolytic activity of flavonoids, quercetin, naringenin and catechin against sheep erythrocyte lysis induced by α-hemolysin (αHL) produced by the Staphylococcus aureus strain NCTC 5655. We also sought to investigate the membrane-modifying action of the flavonoids. Lipophilic quercetin, but not naringenin or catechin, effectively inhibited the hemolytic activity of αHL at concentrations (IC50 = 65 ± 5 µM) below minimal inhibitory concentration values for S. aureus growth. Quercetin increased the registered bacterial cell diameter, enhanced the fluidity of the inner and surface regions of bacterial cell membranes and raised the rigidity of the hydrophobic region and the fluidity of the surface region of erythrocyte membranes. Our findings provide evidence that the antibacterial activities of the flavonoids resulted from a disorder in the structural organization of bacterial cell membranes, and the antihemolytic effect of quercetin was related to the effect of the flavonoid on the organization of the erythrocyte membrane, which, in turn, increases the resistance of the target cells (erythrocytes) to αHL and inhibits αHL-induced osmotic hemolysis due to prevention of toxin incorporation into the target membrane. We confirmed that cell membrane disorder could be one of the direct modes of antibacterial action of the flavonoids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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17 pages, 2937 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Nonthermal Pretreatment on the Drying Kinetics and Quality of Black Garlic
by Klaudia Masztalerz, Tomasz Dróżdż, Paulina Nowicka, Aneta Wojdyło, Paweł Kiełbasa and Krzysztof Lech
Molecules 2023, 28(3), 962; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules28030962 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1573
Abstract
Black garlic is obtained from regular garlic (Allium sativum L.) through the aging process and consequently gains many health-promoting properties, including antidiabetic and antioxidant. However, the material is still prone to microbiological deterioration and requires a long time to dry due to [...] Read more.
Black garlic is obtained from regular garlic (Allium sativum L.) through the aging process and consequently gains many health-promoting properties, including antidiabetic and antioxidant. However, the material is still prone to microbiological deterioration and requires a long time to dry due to its properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of various drying methods on the quality of black garlic as well as determine the influence of selected nonthermal pretreatments on the drying kinetics and quality of black garlic, which is especially important in the case of the materials that are difficult to dry. The Weibull model was chosen to describe drying kinetics. Additionally, color, water activity together with antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and antidiabetic potential were determined. This study found that the application of a pulsed electric field (PEF), a constant electric field (CEF) as well as a magnetic field (MF) significantly reduced the time of drying (by 32, 40, and 24 min for a PEF, a CEF, and a MF, respectively, compared to combined drying without the pretreatment), and resulted in high antidiabetic potential. However, the highest content of phenolic compounds (1123.54 and 1125.36 mg/100 g dm for VMD125 and CD3h-VMD, respectively) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS = 6.05 and 5.06 mmol Trolox/100 g dm for VMD500 and CD6h-VMD, respectively) were reported for black garlic treated by vacuum-microwave drying and combined convective pre-drying followed by vacuum-microwave drying. Overall, the nonthermal pretreatment decreased the time of drying and showed very good efficiency in maintaining the antidiabetic potential of black garlic, especially in the case of the materials pretreated by a constant electric field (IC50 = 99 and 56 mg/mL, for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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18 pages, 1017 KiB  
Article
Olive Mill Wastewater Fermented with Microbial Pools as a New Potential Functional Beverage
by Paola Foti, Paride S. Occhipinti, Nunziatina Russo, Antonio Scilimati, Morena Miciaccia, Cinzia Caggia, Maria Grazia Perrone, Cinzia L. Randazzo and Flora V. Romeo
Molecules 2023, 28(2), 646; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules28020646 - 08 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1753
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) represents a by–product but also a source of biologically active compounds, and their recycling is a relevant strategy to recover income and to reduce environmental impact. The objective of the present study was to obtain a new functional beverage [...] Read more.
Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) represents a by–product but also a source of biologically active compounds, and their recycling is a relevant strategy to recover income and to reduce environmental impact. The objective of the present study was to obtain a new functional beverage with a health–promoting effect starting from OMWW. Fresh OMWW were pre–treated through filtration and/or microfiltration and subjected to fermentation using strains belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Candida boidinii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus. During fermentation, phenolic content and hydroxytyrosol were monitored. Moreover, the biological assay of microfiltered fermented OMWW was detected versus tumor cell lines and as anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that in microfiltered OMWW, fermentation was successfully conducted, with the lowest pH values reached after 21 days. In addition, in all fermented samples, an increase in phenol and organic acid contents was detected. Particularly, in samples fermented with L. plantarum and C. boidinii in single and combined cultures, the concentration of hydroxytyrosol reached values of 925.6, 902.5 and 903.5 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, biological assays highlighted that fermentation determines an increase in the antioxidant and anti–inflammatory activity of OMWW. Lastly, an increment in the active permeability on Caco-2 cell line was also revealed. In conclusion, results of the present study confirmed that the process applied here represents an effective strategy to achieve a new functional beverage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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12 pages, 1753 KiB  
Article
Fluorescence Monitoring Oxidation of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Packed in Different Containers
by Elísabet Martín-Tornero, Antonio Fernández, Isabel Durán-Merás and Daniel Martín-Vertedor
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7254; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27217254 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1357
Abstract
‘Picual’ olive oil was stored in different types of containers for 10 months and monitored via quality parameters. In combination with the mentioned analysis, non-destructive fluorescence spectroscopy was performed combined with multivariate analysis to monitor and quantify oil quality levels. Excitation emission matrices [...] Read more.
‘Picual’ olive oil was stored in different types of containers for 10 months and monitored via quality parameters. In combination with the mentioned analysis, non-destructive fluorescence spectroscopy was performed combined with multivariate analysis to monitor and quantify oil quality levels. Excitation emission matrices (EMMs) were analyzed using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). According to the quality parameters, it was observed that Transparent Crystal (TC) and Opaque Crystal (OC) samples were the ones that deteriorated faster due to their higher exposure to light in comparison with Plastic (P) and Canned (C) samples. In a fast and non-destructive manner, the fluorescence spectroscopy-based prototype successfully monitored the oxidation changes in the EVOOs. Unfolded partial least squares (U-PLS) was used to generate a regression model to quantify quality parameters. Good correlation coefficients were found for the peroxide index, K232 and the oxidative stability index (r2 between 0.90 and 0.94 for cross-validation and validation). For all of that, the results obtained confirmed the ability of fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor the quality of olive oil and EEMs combined with U-PLS can be used to analyze these parameters, eluding the classical methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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17 pages, 2116 KiB  
Article
Heterologous Expression and Catalytic Properties of Codon-Optimized Small-Sized Bromelain from MD2 Pineapple
by Rafida Razali, Fikran Aranda Fahrudin, Vijay Kumar Subbiah, Kazufumi Takano and Cahyo Budiman
Molecules 2022, 27(18), 6031; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27186031 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1887
Abstract
Bromelain is a unique enzyme-based bioactive complex containing a mixture of cysteine proteases specifically found in the stems and fruits of pineapple (Ananas comosus) with a wide range of applications. MD2 pineapple harbors a gene encoding a small bromelain cysteine protease [...] Read more.
Bromelain is a unique enzyme-based bioactive complex containing a mixture of cysteine proteases specifically found in the stems and fruits of pineapple (Ananas comosus) with a wide range of applications. MD2 pineapple harbors a gene encoding a small bromelain cysteine protease with the size of about 19 kDa, which might possess unique properties compared to the other cysteine protease bromelain. This study aims to determine the expressibility and catalytic properties of small-sized (19 kDa) bromelain from MD2 pineapple (MD2-SBro). Accordingly, the gene encoding MD2-SBro was firstly optimized in its codon profile, synthesized, and inserted into the pGS-21a vector. The insolubly expressed MD2-SBro was then resolubilized and refolded using urea treatment, followed by purification by glutathione S-transferase (GST) affinity chromatography, yielding 14 mg of pure MD2-SBro from 1 L of culture. The specific activity and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of MD2-SBro were 3.56 ± 0.08 U mg−1 and 4.75 ± 0.23 × 10−3 µM−1 s−1, respectively, where optimally active at 50 °C and pH 8.0, and modulated by divalent ions. The MD2-SBro also exhibited the ability to scavenge the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) with an IC50 of 0.022 mg mL−1. Altogether, this study provides the production feasibility of active and functional MD2-Bro as a bioactive compound. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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13 pages, 2100 KiB  
Article
Bioactive Compounds in Rosehip (Rosa canina) Powder with Encapsulating Agents
by Marta Igual, Patricia García-Herrera, Rosa M. Cámara, Javier Martínez-Monzó, Purificación García-Segovia and Montaña Cámara
Molecules 2022, 27(15), 4737; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27154737 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2464
Abstract
Rosa canina pseudo-fruits contain interesting bioactive compounds. This work aims to evaluate the use of different biopolymers as encapsulating agents on the content of organic acids, minerals, fibers, phenols, carotenoids, and the antioxidant activity of the powdered product. Fruits were ground and freeze-dried [...] Read more.
Rosa canina pseudo-fruits contain interesting bioactive compounds. This work aims to evaluate the use of different biopolymers as encapsulating agents on the content of organic acids, minerals, fibers, phenols, carotenoids, and the antioxidant activity of the powdered product. Fruits were ground and freeze-dried with or without biopolymers (maltodextrin, resistant maltodextrin, cyclodextrin, and pea protein). Rosehip formulated purees with encapsulating agents are an interesting food ingredient rich in fiber and minerals that could be used in the food industry in order to obtain different functional foods. Results obtained in this study show that all formulated samples are a good source of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese. Both rosehip without biopolymers and rosehip with pea protein formulations are also a good source of Zn. Formulation with pea protein can be claimed as a good source of Fe. All formulations are food ingredients with a very high content of ascorbic acid. Comparing the encapsulating agents, depending on the studied bioactive compound samples behaved differently. In conclusion, it can be indicated that pea protein is recommended as an encapsulating agent since the rosehip with pea protein sample has the highest content of fiber, minerals, organic acids, and carotenoids among the encapsulating agents studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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19 pages, 5530 KiB  
Article
Acrylamide-Derived Ionome, Metabolic, and Cell Cycle Alterations Are Alleviated by Ascorbic Acid in the Fission Yeast
by Marek Kovár, Alica Navrátilová, Renata Kolláthová, Anna Trakovická and Miroslava Požgajová
Molecules 2022, 27(13), 4307; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27134307 - 05 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1815
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA), is a chemical with multiple industrial applications, however, it can be found in foods that are rich in carbohydrates. Due to its genotoxic and cytotoxic effects, AA has been classified as a potential carcinogen. With the use of spectrophotometry, ICP-OES, fluorescence [...] Read more.
Acrylamide (AA), is a chemical with multiple industrial applications, however, it can be found in foods that are rich in carbohydrates. Due to its genotoxic and cytotoxic effects, AA has been classified as a potential carcinogen. With the use of spectrophotometry, ICP-OES, fluorescence spectroscopy, and microscopy cell growth, metabolic activity, apoptosis, ROS production, MDA formation, CAT and SOD activity, ionome balance, and chromosome segregation were determined in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AA caused growth and metabolic activity retardation, enhanced ROS and MDA production, and modulated antioxidant enzyme activity. This led to damage to the cell homeostasis due to ionome balance disruption. Moreover, AA-induced oxidative stress caused alterations in the cell cycle regulation resulting in chromosome segregation errors, as 4.07% of cells displayed sister chromatid non-disjunction during mitosis. Ascorbic acid (AsA, Vitamin C), a strong natural antioxidant, was used to alleviate the negative impact of AA. Cell pre-treatment with AsA significantly improved AA impaired growth, and antioxidant capacity, and supported ionome balance maintenance mainly due to the promotion of calcium uptake. Chromosome missegregation was reduced to 1.79% (44% improvement) by AsA pre-incubation. Results of our multiapproach analyses suggest that AA-induced oxidative stress is the major cause of alteration to cell homeostasis and cell cycle regulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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16 pages, 864 KiB  
Article
Fatty Acid Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Dabai (Canarium odontophyllum L.): Effect of Origin and Fruit Component
by Shanti Faridah Salleh, Olaide Olawunmi Ajibola, Crilio Nolasco-Hipolito, Ahmad Husaini, Carvajal Zarrabal-Octavio, Samuel Lihan, Gbadebo Clement Adeyinka, Firdaus R. Rosli, Idris Adewale Ahmed, Mohamed Zaky Zayed and Rosmawati Saat
Molecules 2022, 27(12), 3840; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27123840 - 15 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2428
Abstract
In the present work, the influence of geographical location on the fatty acid profiles, antioxidant potential, as well as cytotoxicity of edible dabai fruit fractions (kernel, skin, and pulp) were analyzed. The fatty acid profiles were determined by Gas Chromatography (GC), and the [...] Read more.
In the present work, the influence of geographical location on the fatty acid profiles, antioxidant potential, as well as cytotoxicity of edible dabai fruit fractions (kernel, skin, and pulp) were analyzed. The fatty acid profiles were determined by Gas Chromatography (GC), and the antioxidant activity was quantified with free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picr/ylhdrazyl, while the cytotoxicity was assessed by the brine shrimp lethality test. The results showed that the samples from Sibu, Serian, and Kapit geographical locations had a high content of the saturated fatty acids, ranging from 46.63% to 53.31% in the three fractions. The highest mono-saturated fatty acids (MUFA) content was found in Sibu. Serian and Kapit kernel fractions MUFA, however, ranged from 21.2% to 45.91%. No fatty acid composition was detected in Bentong and Kanowit. The fatty acid composition and DPPH free radical scavenging antioxidant activity of dabai were statistically independent using a multivariate analysis in different localities in Malaysia. The skin fraction had a more appreciable antioxidant potential and toxicity level than the pulp and kernel fractions. The highest antioxidant activity (EC50 198.76 ± 1.06 µg/mL) with an LC50 value of 1387.22 µg/mL was obtained from the Sibu skin fraction. Therefore, the fatty acid composition, antioxidant, as well as cytotoxicity analyses of the extracts from different localities indicated that “geographical location” remarkably influenced fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, and toxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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11 pages, 1045 KiB  
Article
Neurotoxin (N-Oxalyl-L-α,β-Diamino Propionic Acid) Content in Different Plant Parts of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Spanning Seedling to Maturity Stage: Does It Increase over Time?
by Surendra Barpete, Priyanka Gupta, Debjyoti Sen Gupta, Jitendra Kumar, Arpan Bhowmik and Shiv Kumar
Molecules 2022, 27(12), 3683; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27123683 - 08 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1526
Abstract
ODAP (N-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid) is present in the seeds of grass pea. In this study, variation of total ODAP accumulation in leaves throughout the crop growth starting from 40 days after sowing to maturity, and the distribution pattern of ODAP in different plant parts [...] Read more.
ODAP (N-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid) is present in the seeds of grass pea. In this study, variation of total ODAP accumulation in leaves throughout the crop growth starting from 40 days after sowing to maturity, and the distribution pattern of ODAP in different plant parts including the seeds at the mature stage was analyzed. Five grass pea accessions were evaluated for two subsequent growing seasons in one location of ICARDA, Aleppo (Syria). The results found that the rate of accumulation of total ODAP varied during plant development. Increased rates of synthesis were noticed in young leaves of grass pea. The highest total ODAP content in leaves was noted in the early growth stage (40–50 days after sowing). Mean total ODAP content in leaves ranged from 0.17 to 0.96 percent during 2010–2011 and from 0.19 to 1.28 percent during 2011–2012. During maturity, the total ODAP content was lowest in the seeds than in leaves, stems, pod cover, seed coat, and cotyledons. The ranges of total ODAP content were 0.13 (seed)–0.34 (stem), 0.20 (seed)–1.01 (leaf), 0.22 (seed)–0.62 (leaf), 0.21 (seed)–0.66 (leaf), and 0.21 (seed)–0.78 (leaf) percent in B387, B222, B390, Bio-520, and B587 accessions, respectively, during maturity. The results indicated that the rate of accumulation and synthesis of total ODAP varied during the plant lifespan. The lowest total ODAP content of leaves was observed after 130 days of sowing. The lower total ODAP content after the early vegetative stage of grass pea plants makes them suitable as a feed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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16 pages, 1889 KiB  
Article
Interactive Effects of Molybdenum, Zinc and Iron on the Grain Yield, Quality, and Nodulation of Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.) in North-Western India
by Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal, Vivek Sharma, Arvind Kumar Shukla, Janpriya Kaur, Vibha Verma, Manmeet Kaur, Prabhjot Singh, Marian Brestic, Ahmed Gaber and Akbar Hossain
Molecules 2022, 27(11), 3622; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27113622 - 05 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1892
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency is a major constraint for the growth, yield and nutritional quality of cowpea which results in nutritional disorders in humans. Micronutrients including molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) play a pivotal role in crop nutrition, and their role in different [...] Read more.
Micronutrient deficiency is a major constraint for the growth, yield and nutritional quality of cowpea which results in nutritional disorders in humans. Micronutrients including molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) play a pivotal role in crop nutrition, and their role in different metabolic processes in crops has been highlighted. In order to increase the nutritional quality of cowpea, a field experiment was conducted for two years in which the effect of Mo along with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on productivity, nitrogen and micronutrient uptake, root length and the number of nodules in cowpea cultivation was investigated. It was found that the foliar application of Fe and Zn and their interaction with Mo application through seed priming as well as soil application displayed increased yield, nutrient concentration, uptake and growth parameters which helped to enhance the nutritional quality of cowpea for consumption by the human population. The results of the above experiments revealed that among all the treatments, the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment) enhanced the grain and stover yield of cowpea, exhibiting maximum values of 1402 and 6104.7 kg ha−1, respectively. Again, the M2F3 treatment resulted in higher Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the grain (17.07, 109.3 and 30.26 mg kg−1, respectively) and stover (17.99, 132.7 and 31.22 mg kg−1, respectively) of cowpea. Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the grain (25.23, 153.3 and 42.46 g ha−1, respectively) as well as the stover (104.2, 809.9 and 190.6 g ha−1, respectively) was found to be maximum for the M2F3 treatment. The root length (30.5 cm), number of nodules per plant (73.0) and N uptake in grain and stover (55.39 and 46.15 kg ha−1) were also higher for this treatment. Overall, soil application of Mo along with the foliar application of FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) and ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) significantly improved yield outcomes, concentration, uptake, root length, nodules plant−1 and N uptake of cowpea to alleviate the micronutrient deficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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15 pages, 1891 KiB  
Article
Towards Bioprospection of Commercial Materials of Mentha spicata L. Using a Combined Strategy of Metabolomics and Biological Activity Analyses
by Juan Camilo Henao-Rojas, Edison Osorio, Stephanie Isaza, Inés Amelia Madronero-Solarte, Karina Sierra, Isabel Cristina Zapata-Vahos, Jhon Fredy Betancur-Pérez, Jorge W. Arboleda-Valencia and Adriana M. Gallego
Molecules 2022, 27(11), 3559; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27113559 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2237
Abstract
Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) has been widely studied for its diversity of compounds for product generation. However, studies describing the chemical and biological characteristics of commercial spearmint materials from different origins are scarce. For this reason, this research aimed to bioprospecting spearmint [...] Read more.
Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) has been widely studied for its diversity of compounds for product generation. However, studies describing the chemical and biological characteristics of commercial spearmint materials from different origins are scarce. For this reason, this research aimed to bioprospecting spearmint from three origins: Colombia (Col), Mexico (Mex), and Egypt (Eg). We performed a biological activity analysis, such as FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS, inhibition potential of S. pyogenes, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeuroginosa, S. aureus, S aureus Methicillin-Resistant, and E. faecalis. Furthermore, we performed chemical assays, such as total polyphenol and rosmarinic acid, and untargeted metabolomics via HPLC-MS/MS. Finally, we developed a causality analysis to integrate biological activities with chemical analyses. We found significant differences between the samples for the total polyphenol and rosmarinic acid contents, FRAP, and inhibition analyses for Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus and E. faecalis. Also, clear metabolic differentiation was observed among the three commercial materials evaluated. These results allow us to propose data-driven uses for the three spearmint materials available in current markets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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17 pages, 1476 KiB  
Article
Upgrading Common Wheat Pasta by Fiber-Rich Fraction of Potato Peel Byproduct at Different Particle Sizes: Effects on Physicochemical, Thermal, and Sensory Properties
by Mohammad Namir, Ali Iskander, Amal Alyamani, Eman T. Abou Sayed-Ahmed, Ahmed M. Saad, Kamal Elsahy, Khaled A. El-Tarabily and Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
Molecules 2022, 27(9), 2868; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27092868 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2163
Abstract
Fiber-enriched food has numerous health benefits. This study develops functional fiber-enriched pasta (FEP) by partially substituting wheat flour for alcohol-insoluble residue prepared from potato peel byproducts (AIR-PPB) at various particle sizes (PS). The independent variables’ effects, AIR-PPB at 2–15% substitution levels, and PS [...] Read more.
Fiber-enriched food has numerous health benefits. This study develops functional fiber-enriched pasta (FEP) by partially substituting wheat flour for alcohol-insoluble residue prepared from potato peel byproducts (AIR-PPB) at various particle sizes (PS). The independent variables’ effects, AIR-PPB at 2–15% substitution levels, and PS 40–250 µm were investigated in terms of chemical, cooking, thermal, and sensory properties. AIR-PPB is rich in total dietary fibers (TDF) (83%), exhibiting high water-holding capacity (WHC) and vibrant colors. Different concentrations of AIR-PPB increase TDF content in FEPs by 7–21 times compared to the control pasta (CP). Although the optimal cooking time (OCT) decreases by 15–18% compared to CP, where a lower OCT should reduce cooking time and save energy, cooking loss (Cl) increases slightly but remains within an acceptable range of 8%. Additionally, AIR-PPB altered the texture properties of FEP, with a moderate decrease in mass increase index (MII), firmness, and stickiness. AIR-PPB impairs the gluten network’s structure in pasta due to AIR-PPB’s WHC, which competes with starch for water binding, increasing the starch gelatinization temperature. FEPs show an increased lightness and yellowness and improved sensory properties. Highly acceptable FEPs were obtained for the following substitution levels: FEP11 (AIR-PPB at 2% and PS of 145 µm), FEP9 (AIR-PPB 4% level with PS of 70 µm), FEP6 (AIR-PPB of 4% level with 219 µm PS), and FEP1 (AIR-PPB = 8.5% with 40 µm PS), as compared to other FEPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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36 pages, 7529 KiB  
Article
Cupressus sempervirens Essential Oil: Exploring the Antibacterial Multitarget Mechanisms, Chemcomputational Toxicity Prediction, and Safety Assessment in Zebrafish Embryos
by Sarra Akermi, Slim Smaoui, Khaoula Elhadef, Mariam Fourati, Nacim Louhichi, Moufida Chaari, Ahlem Chakchouk Mtibaa, Aissette Baanannou, Saber Masmoudi and Lotfi Mellouli
Molecules 2022, 27(9), 2630; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27092630 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2252
Abstract
Nowadays, increasing interest has recently been given to the exploration of new food preservatives to avoid foodborne outbreaks or food spoilage. Likewise, new compounds that substitute the commonly used synthetic food preservatives are required to restrain the rising problem of microbial resistance. Accordingly, [...] Read more.
Nowadays, increasing interest has recently been given to the exploration of new food preservatives to avoid foodborne outbreaks or food spoilage. Likewise, new compounds that substitute the commonly used synthetic food preservatives are required to restrain the rising problem of microbial resistance. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to examine the chemical composition and the mechanism(s) of action of the Cupressus sempervirens essential oil (CSEO) against Salmonella enterica Typhimuriumand Staphyloccocus aureus. The gas chromatography analysis revealed α-pinene (38.47%) and δ-3-carene (25.14%) are the major components of the CSEO. By using computational methods, such as quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR), we revealed that many CSEO components had no toxic effects. Moreover, findings indicated that α-pinene, δ-3-carene and borneol, a minor compound of CSEO, could inhibit the AcrB-TolC and MepR efflux pump activity of S. enterica Typhimurium and S. aureus, respectively. In addition, our molecular docking predictions indicated the high affinity of these three compounds with active sites of bacterial DNA and RNA polymerases, pointing to plausible impairments of the pathogenic bacteria cell replication processes. As well, the safety profile was developed through the zebrafish model. The in vivo toxicological evaluation of (CSEO) exhibited a concentration-dependent manner, with a lethal concentration (LC50) equal to 6.6 µg/mL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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12 pages, 3198 KiB  
Article
Effects of Sphingomyelin-Containing Milk Phospholipids on Skin Hydration in UVB-Exposed Hairless Mice
by Yejin Ahn, Min Guk Kim, Kyungae Jo, Ki-Bae Hong and Hyung Joo Suh
Molecules 2022, 27(8), 2545; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27082545 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1938
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ultraviolet (UV) exposure cause skin barrier dysfunction, which leads to dry skin. In this study, the skin moisturizing effect of sphingomyelin-containing milk phospholipids in UV-induced hairless mice was evaluated. Hairless mice were irradiated with UVB for eight [...] Read more.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ultraviolet (UV) exposure cause skin barrier dysfunction, which leads to dry skin. In this study, the skin moisturizing effect of sphingomyelin-containing milk phospholipids in UV-induced hairless mice was evaluated. Hairless mice were irradiated with UVB for eight weeks, and milk phospholipids (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) were administered daily. Milk phospholipids suppressed UV-induced increase in erythema and skin thickness, decreased transepidermal water loss, and increased skin moisture. Milk phospholipids increased the expression of filaggrin, involucrin, and aquaporin3 (AQP3), which are skin moisture-related factors. Additionally, hyaluronic acid (HA) content in the skin tissue was maintained by regulating the expression of HA synthesis- and degradation-related enzymes. Milk phospholipids alleviated UV-induced decrease in the expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxidase dismutase1 and 2, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase1. Moreover, ROS levels were reduced by regulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an ROS regulator, through milk phospholipid-mediated activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Collectively, sphingomyelin-containing milk phospholipids contributed to moisturizing the skin by maintaining HA content and reducing ROS levels in UVB-irradiated hairless mice, thereby, minimizing damage to the skin barrier caused by photoaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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16 pages, 2359 KiB  
Article
Flavonoids and Phenols, the Potential Anti-Diabetic Compounds from Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib. Stem.
by Rachanida Praparatana, Pattaravan Maliyam, Louis R. Barrows and Panupong Puttarak
Molecules 2022, 27(8), 2393; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27082393 - 07 Apr 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2825
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants are good alternative treatments for T2DM. They are also sources of lead molecules that could lead to new drug discoveries. In this study, Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib. stem, a traditional Thai medicinal plant for detoxification, was extracted into five [...] Read more.
Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants are good alternative treatments for T2DM. They are also sources of lead molecules that could lead to new drug discoveries. In this study, Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib. stem, a traditional Thai medicinal plant for detoxification, was extracted into five fractions, including crude extract, BsH, BsD, BsE, and BsW, by ethanolic maceration and sequential partition with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water, respectively. Among these fractions, BsE contained the highest amounts of phenolics (620.67 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (131.35 mg QE/g extract). BsE exhibited the maximum inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 1.51 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and DPP-IV (IC50 2.62 ± 0.03 µg/mL), as well as dominantly promoting glucose uptake on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, the four compounds isolated from the BsE fraction, namely resveratrol, epicatechin, quercetin, and gallic acid, were identified. Quercetin demonstrated the highest inhibitory capacity against α-glucosidase (IC50 6.26 ± 0.36 µM) and DPP-IV (IC50 8.25 µM). In addition, quercetin prominently enhanced the glucose uptake stimulation effect on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Altogether, we concluded that quercetin was probably the principal bioactive compound of the B. strychnifolia stem for anti-diabetic, and the flavonoid-rich fraction may be sufficiently potent to be an alternative treatment for blood sugar control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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14 pages, 3398 KiB  
Article
Extraction of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds from Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Seed Coat by Pressurized Liquid Extraction
by Benya Supasatyankul, Maythee Saisriyoot, Utai Klinkesorn, Kittipong Rattanaporn and Sudathip Sae-Tan
Molecules 2022, 27(7), 2085; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27072085 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3995
Abstract
Mung bean seed coat (MBC) is a by-product of the mung bean processing industry. It contains a large number of phenolic compounds with therapeutic anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. This research aimed to investigate the optimum conditions for phenolic and flavonoid extraction from [...] Read more.
Mung bean seed coat (MBC) is a by-product of the mung bean processing industry. It contains a large number of phenolic compounds with therapeutic anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. This research aimed to investigate the optimum conditions for phenolic and flavonoid extraction from MBC by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of temperature (80–160 °C), pressure (1200–1800 psi) and ethanol concentration (5–95%) on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity (ABTS). Scale-up extraction was also performed. The optimum conditions for extraction were 160 °C, 1300 psi and 50% ethanol. Under optimum conditions, the TPC was 55.27 ± 1.14 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g MBC, TFC was 34.04 ± 0.72 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g MBC and ABTS scavenging activity was 195.05 ± 2.29 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g MBC. The TFC and ABTS scavenging activity of the extracts obtained at the pilot scale (10 L) was not significantly different from the laboratory scale, while TPC was significantly increased. The freeze-dried MBC extract contained vitexin and isovitexin 130.53 ± 17.89, 21.21 ± 3.22 mg/g extract, respectively. In conclusion, PLE was able to extract phenolics, flavonoids with ABTS scavenging activity from MBC with the prospect for future scale-up for food industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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Graphical abstract

15 pages, 1019 KiB  
Article
Identification of Carotenoids in Hairless Canary Seed and the Effect of Baking on Their Composition in Bread and Muffin Products
by El-Sayed M. Abdel-Aal, Lili Mats and Iwona Rabalski
Molecules 2022, 27(4), 1307; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27041307 - 15 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1495
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential components in the human diet due to their positive functions in ocular and cognitive health. This study investigated composition of carotenoids in hairless canary seed (HCS) as a novel food and the effect of baking on carotenoids in bread and [...] Read more.
Carotenoids are essential components in the human diet due to their positive functions in ocular and cognitive health. This study investigated composition of carotenoids in hairless canary seed (HCS) as a novel food and the effect of baking on carotenoids in bread and muffin made from HCS, wheat and corn. Three bread formulations made from wheat and HCS blends were evaluated and compared with control wheat bread. In addition, three low-fat muffin recipes prepared from HCS alone or in blends with corn were assessed. The fate of carotenoid compounds in breads and muffins was monitored after dry mixing, dough/batter formation and oven baking. Carotenoids in products were quantified using UPLC and their identification was confirmed based on LC-MS/MS. Hairless canary seed and corn were fairly rich in carotenoids with a total content of 7.6 and 12.9 µg/g, respectively, compared with wheat (1.3 µg/g). Nineteen carotenoid compounds were identified, with all-trans lutein being the principal carotenoid in HCS followed by lutein 3-O-linoleate, lutein 3-O-oleate and lutein di-linoleate. There were significant reductions in carotenoids in muffin and bread products. It appears that batter or dough preparation causes more reductions in carotenoids than oven baking, probably due to enzymatic oxidation and degradation. Muffin-making resulted in lower lutein reductions compared with the bread-making process. The results suggest that muffins made from hairless canary seed alone or in blends with corn could boost the daily intake of lutein and/or zeaxanthin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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13 pages, 1620 KiB  
Article
Puree and Juice of Thai Mango and Pineapple Analyzed by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Hyphenated with Effect-Directed Assays
by Gertrud E. Morlock, Newitchaya Wutthinithisanand and Doris Rauhut
Molecules 2021, 26(24), 7683; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26247683 - 19 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2634
Abstract
The requirements for analytical tools are changing due to the global production chain, the increasing cases of adulteration, and the growing trend towards consumption of plant-based food products worldwide. The assessment of bioactivity of natural foods is currently not a quality criterion, and [...] Read more.
The requirements for analytical tools are changing due to the global production chain, the increasing cases of adulteration, and the growing trend towards consumption of plant-based food products worldwide. The assessment of bioactivity of natural foods is currently not a quality criterion, and a paradigm shift is postulated. A non-targeted effect-directed profiling by high-performance thin-layer chromatography hyphenated with five different effect-directed assays was developed exemplarily for the puree and juice products of mango Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) and pineapple Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Bromeliaceae). Several bioactive compounds were detected in each sample. The additional bioactivity information obtained through effect-directed profiles improves, expands and modernizes product control. Non-target effect-directed profiling adds a new perspective to previous target analysis results that can be used not only to ensure health claims based on bioactive compounds, but also to detect unknown bioactive compounds coming from contamination or residues or changes caused by food processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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12 pages, 2024 KiB  
Article
Neuroprotective Effects of B-Type Cinnamon Procyanidin Oligomers on MPP+-Induced Apoptosis in a Cell Culture Model of Parkinson’s Disease
by Qi Xu, Ziyu Chen, Borong Zhu, Yiming Li, Manju B. Reddy, Huilin Liu, Guodong Dang, Qi Jia and Xiaojun Wu
Molecules 2021, 26(21), 6422; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26216422 - 24 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2131
Abstract
Cinnamon procyanidin oligomers (CPOs) are water-soluble components extracted from cinnamon. This study aims to explore the neuroprotection of B-type CPO (CPO-B) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-mediated cytotoxicity and the molecular mechanisms underlying its protection. The results demonstrated that CPO-B showed protection by increasing [...] Read more.
Cinnamon procyanidin oligomers (CPOs) are water-soluble components extracted from cinnamon. This study aims to explore the neuroprotection of B-type CPO (CPO-B) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-mediated cytotoxicity and the molecular mechanisms underlying its protection. The results demonstrated that CPO-B showed protection by increasing cell viability, attenuating an intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, downregulating cleaved caspase-3 expression, and upregulating the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Moreover, CPO-B completely blocked the dephosphorylation of extracellular, signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) caused by MPP+. Treatment with an Erk1/2 inhibitor, SCH772984, significantly abolished the neuroprotection of CPO-B against MPP+. Taken together, we demonstrate that CPO-B from cinnamon bark provided protection against MPP+ in cultured SH-SY5Y cells, and the potential mechanisms may be attributed to its ability to modulate the dysregulation between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins through the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that the addition of cinnamon to food or supplements might benefit patients with PD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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14 pages, 2542 KiB  
Article
Effects of Airflow Ultrafine-Grinding on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Tartary Buckwheat Powder
by Qinglian Xu, Faying Zheng, Xiaotong Cao, Ping Yang, Yage Xing, Ping Zhang, Hong Liu, Guangchao Zhou, Xiaocui Liu and Xiufang Bi
Molecules 2021, 26(19), 5841; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26195841 - 26 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1926
Abstract
Five different ultrafine milled flours (UMFs) were prepared from Tartary buckwheat via airflow ultrafine-grinding at different grinding pressures. The airflow ultrafine-grinding resulted in marked differences in particle size (from 100 to 10 μm). The UMFs were all brighter in appearance (higher L*) than [...] Read more.
Five different ultrafine milled flours (UMFs) were prepared from Tartary buckwheat via airflow ultrafine-grinding at different grinding pressures. The airflow ultrafine-grinding resulted in marked differences in particle size (from 100 to 10 μm). The UMFs were all brighter in appearance (higher L*) than Tartary buckwheat common flour (TBCF). Illustrated by the example of 70 °C, the UMFs were also found to have a greater water holding capacity (from 4.42 g/g to 5.24 g/g), water solubility (from 12.57% to 14.10%), and water solubility index (from 5.11% to 6.10%). Moreover, as the particle sizes reduced, the moisture content decreased (from 10.05 g/100 g DW to 7.66 g/100 g DW), as did the total starch content (from 68.88 g/100 g DW to 58.24 g/100 g DW) and the protein content (from 13.16% to 12.04%). However, the grinding process was also found to have negative effects on the mineral content of the Tartary buckwheat. Additionally, several substantial variations were found in their hydration properties along with grinding pressure changes in the differently ground UMFs. Consequently, fine Tartary buckwheat powders of a bright yellow color, with superior food processing properties, were prepared in this study by airflow ultrafine-grinding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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Review

Jump to: Research

23 pages, 9705 KiB  
Review
Clinical Potential of Himalayan Herb Bergenia ligulata: An Evidence-Based Study
by Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, Dipika Das, Sandipan Das, Niraj Kumar Jha, Mahadeb Pal, Adriana Kolesarova, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Jogen C. Kalita and Petr Slama
Molecules 2022, 27(20), 7039; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27207039 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3009
Abstract
Herbal products have been used in traditional systems of medicine and by ethnic healers for ages to treat various diseases. Currently, it is estimated that about 80% of people worldwide use herbal traditional medicines against various ailments, partly due to easy accessibility and [...] Read more.
Herbal products have been used in traditional systems of medicine and by ethnic healers for ages to treat various diseases. Currently, it is estimated that about 80% of people worldwide use herbal traditional medicines against various ailments, partly due to easy accessibility and low cost, and the lower side effects they pose. Bergenia ligulata, a herb ranging from the Himalayas to the foothills, including the north-eastern states of India, has traditionally been used as a remedy against various diseases, most prominently kidney stones. The medicinal properties of B. ligulata have been attributed to bergenin, its most potent bioactive component. Apart from bergenin, the other compounds available in B. ligulata are arbutin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, afzelechin, paashaanolactone, caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, β-eudesmol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, parasorbic acid, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, phytol, terpinen-4-ol, tannic acid, isovalaric acid, avicularin, quercetin, reynoutrin, and sitoinoside I. This review summarizes various medicinal properties of the herb, along with providing deep insight into its bioactive molecules and their potential roles in the amelioration of human ailments. Additionally, the possible mechanism(s) of action of the herb’s anti-urolithiatic, antioxidative, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties are discussed. This comprehensive documentation will help researchers to better understand the medicinal uses of the herb. Further studies on B. ligulata can lead to the discovery of new drug(s) and therapeutics for various ailments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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25 pages, 381 KiB  
Review
Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Neuroinflammation: Overview of Studies and Perspectives of Clinical Applications
by Mariarosaria Valente, Marta Dentoni, Fabrizio Bellizzi, Fedra Kuris and Gian Luigi Gigli
Molecules 2022, 27(15), 4836; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27154836 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2948
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are lipid mediators derived from poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which have been demonstrated to have an important role in the inflammation environment, preventing an overreaction of the organism and promoting the resolution of inflammation. Our purpose was to point [...] Read more.
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are lipid mediators derived from poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which have been demonstrated to have an important role in the inflammation environment, preventing an overreaction of the organism and promoting the resolution of inflammation. Our purpose was to point out the current evidence for specialized pro-resolving mediators, focusing on their role in neuroinflammation and in major neurological diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
15 pages, 2121 KiB  
Review
High Hydrostatic Pressure to Increase the Biosynthesis and Extraction of Phenolic Compounds in Food: A Review
by Jorge E. Navarro-Baez, Luz María Martínez, Jorge Welti-Chanes, Génesis V. Buitimea-Cantúa and Zamantha Escobedo-Avellaneda
Molecules 2022, 27(5), 1502; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27051502 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2813
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from fruits and vegetables have shown antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, among other beneficial properties for human health. All these benefits have motivated multiple studies about preserving, extracting, and even increasing the concentration of these compounds in foods. A diverse group of vegetable [...] Read more.
Phenolic compounds from fruits and vegetables have shown antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, among other beneficial properties for human health. All these benefits have motivated multiple studies about preserving, extracting, and even increasing the concentration of these compounds in foods. A diverse group of vegetable products treated with High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) at different pressure and time have shown higher phenolic content than their untreated counterparts. The increments have been associated with an improvement in their extraction from cellular tissues and even with the activation of the biosynthetic pathway for their production. The application of HHP from 500 to 600 MPa, has been shown to cause cell wall disruption facilitating the release of phenolic compounds from cell compartments. HPP treatments ranging from 15 to 100 MPa during 10–20 min at room temperature have produced changes in phenolic biosynthesis with increments up to 155%. This review analyzes the use of HHP as a method to increase the phenolic content in vegetable systems. Phenolic content changes are associated with either an immediate stress response, with a consequent improvement in their extraction from cellular tissues, or a late stress response that activates the biosynthetic pathways of phenolics in plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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15 pages, 1144 KiB  
Review
Soluble Dietary Fiber, One of the Most Important Nutrients for the Gut Microbiota
by Zhi-Wei Guan, En-Ze Yu and Qiang Feng
Molecules 2021, 26(22), 6802; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26226802 - 11 Nov 2021
Cited by 80 | Viewed by 14764
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a widely recognized nutrient for human health. Previous studies proved that dietary fiber has significant implications for gastrointestinal health by regulating the gut microbiota. Moreover, mechanistic research showed that the physiological functions of different dietary fibers depend to a great [...] Read more.
Dietary fiber is a widely recognized nutrient for human health. Previous studies proved that dietary fiber has significant implications for gastrointestinal health by regulating the gut microbiota. Moreover, mechanistic research showed that the physiological functions of different dietary fibers depend to a great extent on their physicochemical characteristics, one of which is solubility. Compared with insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber can be easily accessed and metabolized by fiber-degrading microorganisms in the intestine and produce a series of beneficial and functional metabolites. In this review, we outlined the structures, characteristics, and physiological functions of soluble dietary fibers as important nutrients. We particularly focused on the effects of soluble dietary fiber on human health via regulating the gut microbiota and reviewed their effects on dietary and clinical interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Challenges and Opportunities)
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