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Ionic Liquids for Materials and Energy II
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Ionic Liquids for Materials and Energy II

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Liquids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 9552

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paul Nancarrow

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Interests: ionic liquids technology; reaction engineering; nanomaterials processing; pharmaceutical process development and predictive modeling of liquid systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, ionic liquids have emerged as novel fluids, with unique physical and chemical properties, for a wide range of potential industrial applications. Initially, the focus was on using ionic liquids as replacements for industrial solvents due to their excellent solvation properties and nonvolatility. While some success has been achieved in this area, their relatively high cost has inhibited widespread uptake. As a result, the focus has shifted towards the exploitation of these designer liquids for targeted high-value applications such as materials and energy technology.

Because of the wide interest in the first edition of the Molecules Special Issue “Ionic Liquids for Materials and Energy”, we announce the second edition of this Special Issue, “Ionic Liquids for Materials and Energy II.” The aim of this Special Issue is to present a collection of articles reporting on the most recent research and developments in the use of ionic liquids for materials and energy technology. In particular, we welcome original contributions reporting on the application of ionic liquids in following areas: materials synthesis; nanomaterials; smart materials; immobilized ionic liquid materials; composite polymer–ionic liquid materials; functionalized ionic liquids for materials applications; electrolytes for lithium ion batteries; electrolytes for fuel cells; superconductor technology; thermal energy storage; heat transfer fluids; nanofluids; photovoltaic and solar energy technology; biorefineries for materials; and renewable energy. We also highly encourage contributions on other current topics relevant to ionic liquids for materials and energy.

Dr. Paul Nancarrow
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ionic liquids
  • materials synthesis
  • nanomaterials
  • composite materials
  • renewable energy
  • energy storage

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 6982 KiB  
Article
Ionic Liquid-Assisted Fabrication of Bioactive Heterogeneous Magnetic Nanocatalyst with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities for the Synthesis of Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives
by Shefa Mirani Nezhad, Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare, Azimeh Davarpanah, Seied Ali Pourmousavi, Milad Ashrafizadeh and Alan Prem Kumar
Molecules 2022, 27(5), 1748; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27051748 - 07 Mar 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1945
Abstract
Antibacterial materials have obtained much attention in recent years due to the presence of hazardous agents causing oxidative stress and observation of pathogens. However, materials with antioxidant and antibacterial activities can cause toxicity due to their low biocompatibility and safety profile, urging scientists [...] Read more.
Antibacterial materials have obtained much attention in recent years due to the presence of hazardous agents causing oxidative stress and observation of pathogens. However, materials with antioxidant and antibacterial activities can cause toxicity due to their low biocompatibility and safety profile, urging scientists to follow new ways in the synthesis of such materials. Ionic liquids have been employed as a green and environmentally solvent for the fabrication of electrically conductive polymers. In the present study, an antibacterial poly(p-phenylenediamine)@Fe3O4 (PpPDA@Fe3O4) nanocomposite was fabricated using [HPy][HSO4] ionic liquid. The chemical preparation of PpPDA@Fe3O4 nanocomposite was initiated through the oxidative polymerization of p-phenylenediamine by ammonium persulfate in the presence of [HPy][HSO4]. The PpPDA@Fe3O4 nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial properties against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. The PpPDA@Fe3O4 nanocomposite was employed as a heterogeneous nanocatalysis for one-pot synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives using aromatic aldehyde, dimedone, benzyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate. Polyhydroquinoline derivatives were synthesized in significant yields (90–97%) without a difficult work-up procedure in short reaction times. Additionally, PpPDA@Fe3O4 nanocatalyst was recycled for at least five consecutive catalytic runs with a minor decrease in the catalytic activity. In this case, 11 derivatives of polyhydroquinoline showed in vitro antioxidant activity between 70–98%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids for Materials and Energy II)
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11 pages, 12992 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of the Thermal Decomposition Properties of Binary Imidazole Ionic Liquid Mixtures
by Fan Yang, Xin Zhang, Yong Pan, Hongpeng He, Yuqing Ni, Gan Wang and Juncheng Jiang
Molecules 2022, 27(4), 1357; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27041357 - 17 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1567
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide range of applications, owing to their negligible vapor pressure, high electrical conductivity, and low melting point. However, the thermal hazards of ILs and their mixtures are also non-negligible. In this study, the thermal hazards of various binary [...] Read more.
Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide range of applications, owing to their negligible vapor pressure, high electrical conductivity, and low melting point. However, the thermal hazards of ILs and their mixtures are also non-negligible. In this study, the thermal hazards of various binary imidazolium ionic liquids (BIIL) mixtures were investigated. The effects of parent salt components and molar ratios on the thermal decomposition temperature (Td) and flashpoint temperature (Tf) are investigated. It is found that both Td and Tf increase as the proportion of highly thermally stable components in BIIL mixtures increases. Furthermore, the decomposition process of BIIL mixtures can be divided into two stages. For most molar ratios, the Tf of the BIIL mixtures is in the first stage of thermal decomposition. When the proportion of highly thermally stable components is relatively high, Tf is in the second stage of thermal decomposition. The flammability is attributed to the produced combustible gases during the thermal decomposition process. This work would be reasonably expected to provide some guidance for the safety design and application of IL mixtures for engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids for Materials and Energy II)
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20 pages, 8374 KiB  
Article
Influence of Mixed Imide Composition and Thermal Annealing on Ionic Liquid Uptake and Conductivity of Polyimide-Poly(ethylene glycol) Segmented Block Copolymer Membranes
by Gokcen A. Ciftcioglu and Curtis W. Frank
Molecules 2021, 26(24), 7450; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26247450 - 09 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1890
Abstract
Understanding the impact of different bridging groups in the two-step polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-incorporated polyimide (PI) materials is significant. It is known that the proton exchange membranes (PEMs) used in industry today can experience performance degradation under rising temperature conditions. Many efforts [...] Read more.
Understanding the impact of different bridging groups in the two-step polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-incorporated polyimide (PI) materials is significant. It is known that the proton exchange membranes (PEMs) used in industry today can experience performance degradation under rising temperature conditions. Many efforts have been devoted to overcoming this problem by improving the physical and mechanical properties that extend the hygrothermal life of a PEM. This work examines the effect of oxygenated and fluorinated bridging anhydrides in the production of PI-PEG PEMs. It is shown that the dianhydride identity and the amount incorporated in the synthesis influences the properties of the segmented block copolymer (SBC) membranes, such as increased ionic liquid uptake (ILU), enhanced conductivity and higher Young’s modulus favoring stiffness comparable to Nafion 115, an industrial standard. Investigations on the ionic conductivity of PI-PEG membranes were carried out to determine how thermal annealing would affect the material’s performance as an ion-exchange membrane. By applying a thermal annealing process at 60 °C for one hour, the conductivities of synthesized segmented block copolymer membranes values were increased. The effect of thermal annealing on the mechanical properties was also shown for the undoped SBC via measuring the change in the Young’s modulus. These higher ILU abilities and mechanical behavior changes are thought to arise from the interaction between PEG molecules and ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) ionic liquid (IL). In addition, higher interconnected routes provide a better ion-transfer environment within the membrane. It was found that the conductivity was increased by a factor of ten for undoped and a factor of two to seven for IL-doped membranes after thermal annealing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids for Materials and Energy II)
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Review

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23 pages, 6649 KiB  
Review
Elucidation of the Roles of Ionic Liquid in CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to Value-Added Chemicals and Fuels
by Sulafa Abdalmageed Saadaldeen Mohammed, Wan Zaireen Nisa Yahya, Mohamad Azmi Bustam and Md Golam Kibria
Molecules 2021, 26(22), 6962; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26226962 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3514
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2ER) is amongst one the most promising technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions since carbon dioxide (CO2) can be converted to value-added products. Moreover, the possibility of using a renewable source of energy [...] Read more.
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2ER) is amongst one the most promising technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions since carbon dioxide (CO2) can be converted to value-added products. Moreover, the possibility of using a renewable source of energy makes this process environmentally compelling. CO2ER in ionic liquids (ILs) has recently attracted attention due to its unique properties in reducing overpotential and raising faradaic efficiency. The current literature on CO2ER mainly reports on the effect of structures, physical and chemical interactions, acidity, and the electrode–electrolyte interface region on the reaction mechanism. However, in this work, new insights are presented for the CO2ER reaction mechanism that are based on the molecular interactions of the ILs and their physicochemical properties. This new insight will open possibilities for the utilization of new types of ionic liquids. Additionally, the roles of anions, cations, and the electrodes in the CO2ER reactions are also reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids for Materials and Energy II)
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