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Advances of Magnetic Materials
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Advances of Magnetic Materials

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 34857

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ian Terry

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Interests: low temperature physics; magnetism and magnetic materials; semiconductor physics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rainer Schmidt

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: complex oxides; multiferroics; magnetoimpedance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetic materials continue to be an important topic of investigation for many researchers around the world. The field is very diverse with current research activity in fields as diverse as biomedicine and spintronics. Such materials have potential to make further significant impact in applications such as low power refrigeration, information storage and in sensors. Moreover, there is still considerable interest in more fundamental aspects of magnetic materials such as quantum spin liquids, magnetism in reduced dimensionality and the origins of magnetic order. Recent advances in new areas of research such as the use of spintronic devices in neuromorphic computing demonstrate the emergence of new fields where magnetic materials may make further impact. This is in addition to the vital roles played by magnetically soft and hard materials in the generation and transmission of electrical power. This Special Issue of Molecules, which is entitled “Advances of Magnetic Materials” will gather the best work in these diverse fields with an emphasis on materials synthesis and characterization, though fundamental and more applied studies may also be included.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Solids.

Dr. Ian Terry
Dr. Rainer Schmidt
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biomagnetic Materials
  • Complex Magnetic Oxides
  • Magnetic Materials for Energy Applications
  • Magnetic Materials for Skyrmion Research
  • Magnetocalorics
  • Magnetoelectronic Materials
  • Molecular Magnets
  • Multiferroics
  • Spintronic Materials

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3163 KiB  
Article
Bulk Plasmon Polariton Modes in Hyperbolic Metamaterials for Giant Enhancement of the Transverse Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect
by Brayan Fernando Díaz-Valencia, Edwin Moncada-Villa, Faustino Reyes Gómez, Nelson Porras-Montenegro and Jorge Ricardo Mejía-Salazar
Molecules 2022, 27(16), 5312; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27165312 - 20 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1315
Abstract
We demonstrate a concept for the giant enhancement of the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) using bulk plasmon polariton (BPP) modes in non-magnetic multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). Since the BPP modes are excited through the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mechanism, using a Si-based [...] Read more.
We demonstrate a concept for the giant enhancement of the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) using bulk plasmon polariton (BPP) modes in non-magnetic multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). Since the BPP modes are excited through the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mechanism, using a Si-based prism-coupler, we considered a single dielectric magneto-optical (MO) spacer between the prism and the HMM. The working wavelength was estimated, using the effective medium approach for a semi-infinite dielectric-plasmonic multilayer, considering the region where the system exhibits type II HMM dispersion relations. Analytical results, by means of the scattering matrix method (SMM), were used to explain the physical principle behind our concept. Numerical results for giant TMOKE values (close to their maximum theoretical values, ±1) were obtained using the finite element method (FEM), applying the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. Our proposal comprises a simple and experimentally feasible structure that enables the study of MO phenomena in HMMs, which may find application in future nanostructured magnetoplasmonic metamaterials for active nanophotonic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Magnetic Materials)
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17 pages, 1202 KiB  
Article
The “Lab4treat” Outreach Experience: Preparation of Sustainable Magnetic Nanomaterials for Remediation of Model Wastewater
by Maria Laura Tummino, Roberto Nisticò, Flavia Franzoso, Alessandra Bianco Prevot, Paola Calza, Enzo Laurenti, Maria Cristina Paganini, Dominique Scalarone and Giuliana Magnacca
Molecules 2021, 26(11), 3361; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26113361 - 02 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2381
Abstract
The Lab4treat experience has been developed to demonstrate the use of magnetic materials in environmental applications. It was projected in the frame of the European project Mat4Treat, and it was tested several times in front of different audiences ranging from school students to [...] Read more.
The Lab4treat experience has been developed to demonstrate the use of magnetic materials in environmental applications. It was projected in the frame of the European project Mat4Treat, and it was tested several times in front of different audiences ranging from school students to the general public in training and/or divulgation events. The experience lends itself to discuss several aspects of actuality, physics and chemistry, which can be explained by modulating the discussion depth level, in order to meet the interests of younger or more experienced people and expand their knowledge. The topic is relevant, dealing with the recycling of urban waste and water depollution. The paper is placed within the field of water treatment for contaminant removal; therefore, a rich collection of recent (and less recent) papers dealing with magnetic materials and environmental issues is described in the Introduction section. In addition, the paper contains a detailed description of the experiment and a list of the possible topics which can be developed during the activity. The experimental approach makes the comprehension of scientific phenomena effective, and, from this perspective, the paper can be considered to be an example of interactive teaching. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Magnetic Materials)
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8 pages, 2885 KiB  
Article
Correlation between Ferromagnetic Layer Easy Axis and the Tilt Angle of Self Assembled Chiral Molecules
by Nir Sukenik, Francesco Tassinari, Shira Yochelis, Oded Millo, Lech Tomasz Baczewski and Yossi Paltiel
Molecules 2020, 25(24), 6036; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25246036 - 20 Dec 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2892
Abstract
The spin–spin interactions between chiral molecules and ferromagnetic metals were found to be strongly affected by the chiral induced spin selectivity effect. Previous works unraveled two complementary phenomena: magnetization reorientation of ferromagnetic thin film upon adsorption of chiral molecules and different interaction rate [...] Read more.
The spin–spin interactions between chiral molecules and ferromagnetic metals were found to be strongly affected by the chiral induced spin selectivity effect. Previous works unraveled two complementary phenomena: magnetization reorientation of ferromagnetic thin film upon adsorption of chiral molecules and different interaction rate of opposite enantiomers with a magnetic substrate. These phenomena were all observed when the easy axis of the ferromagnet was out of plane. In this work, the effects of the ferromagnetic easy axis direction, on both the chiral molecular monolayer tilt angle and the magnetization reorientation of the magnetic substrate, are studied using magnetic force microscopy. We have also studied the effect of an applied external magnetic field during the adsorption process. Our results show a clear correlation between the ferromagnetic layer easy axis direction and the tilt angle of the bonded molecules. This tilt angle was found to be larger for an in plane easy axis as compared to an out of plane easy axis. Adsorption under external magnetic field shows that magnetization reorientation occurs also after the adsorption event. These findings show that the interaction between chiral molecules and ferromagnetic layers stabilizes the magnetic reorientation, even after the adsorption, and strongly depends on the anisotropy of the magnetic substrate. This unique behavior is important for developing enantiomer separation techniques using magnetic substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Magnetic Materials)
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10 pages, 3062 KiB  
Article
Magnetization Characteristics of Oriented Single-Crystalline NiFe-Cu Nanocubes Precipitated in a Cu-Rich Matrix
by Shota Kobayashi, Tsuyoshi Yamaminami, Hibiki Sakakura, Mahoto Takeda, Tsutomu Yamada, Hiroshi Sakuma, Suko Bagus Trisnanto, Satoshi Ota and Yasushi Takemura
Molecules 2020, 25(14), 3282; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25143282 - 19 Jul 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2532
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the magnetization properties of a magnetic alloy with single-crystalline cubic nanostructures, in order to clarify its magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Upon applying a specific annealing treatment to the CuNiFe base material, the precipitated magnetic particles grew into cubic granules, resulting [...] Read more.
In this study, we evaluated the magnetization properties of a magnetic alloy with single-crystalline cubic nanostructures, in order to clarify its magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Upon applying a specific annealing treatment to the CuNiFe base material, the precipitated magnetic particles grew into cubic granules, resulting in the formation of nanometric cubic single crystals of magnetic CuNiFe in a nonmagnetic Cu-rich matrix. The cubic nanostructures of CuNiFe were oriented along their crystallographic axis, in the <100> direction of the face-centered-cubic structure. We evaluated the static magnetization properties of the sample, which originated primarily from the CuNiFe nanocubes precipitated in the Cu-rich matrix, under an applied DC magnetic field. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy was readily observed in the magnetization curves. The <111> axis of the CuNiFe was observed to be the easy axis of magnetization. We also investigated the dynamic magnetization properties of the sample under an AC magnetic field. By subtracting the magnetic signal induced by the eddy current from the magnetization curves of the sample, we could obtain the intrinsic AC magnetization properties of the CuNiFe nanocubes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Magnetic Materials)
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23 pages, 4233 KiB  
Article
Surface Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Carbon-Coating Can Increase Its Biosafety: Evidences from Biochemical and Neurobehavioral Tests in Zebrafish
by Nemi Malhotra, Gilbert Audira, Jung-Ren Chen, Petrus Siregar, Hua-Shu Hsu, Jiann-Shing Lee, Tzong-Rong Ger and Chung-Der Hsiao
Molecules 2020, 25(9), 2256; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25092256 - 11 May 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3482
Abstract
Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained much attention in the field of biomedical engineering for therapeutic as well as diagnostic purposes. Carbon magnetic nanoparticles (C-MNPs) are a class of MNPs categorized as organic nanoparticles. C-MNPs have been under considerable interest in studying in [...] Read more.
Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained much attention in the field of biomedical engineering for therapeutic as well as diagnostic purposes. Carbon magnetic nanoparticles (C-MNPs) are a class of MNPs categorized as organic nanoparticles. C-MNPs have been under considerable interest in studying in various applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, photothermal therapy, and intracellular transportof drugs. Research work is still largely in progress for testing the efficacy of C-MNPs on the theranostics platform in cellular studies and animal models. In this study, we evaluated the neurobehavioral toxicity parameters on the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) at either low (1 ppm) or high (10 ppm) concentration level of C-MNPs over a period of two weeks by waterborne exposure. The physical properties of the synthesized C-MNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and XRD spectrum characterization. Multiple behavior tests for the novel tank, mirror biting, predator avoidance, conspecific social interaction, shoaling, and analysis of biochemical markers were also conducted to elucidate the corresponding mechanism. Our data demonstrate the waterborne exposure of C-MNPs is less toxic than the uncoated MNPs since neither low nor high concentration C-MNPs elicit toxicity response in behavioral and biochemical tests in adult zebrafish. The approach combining biochemical and neurobehavioral approaches would be helpful for understanding C-MNPs association affecting the bioavailability, biosafety, interaction, and uptake of these C-MNPs in the living organism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Magnetic Materials)
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13 pages, 3931 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Positive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications of Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid)-coated Ultra-small Paramagnetic Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles
by Mohammad Yaseen Ahmad, Md. Wasi Ahmad, Huan Yue, Son Long Ho, Ji Ae Park, Ki-Hye Jung, Hyunsil Cha, Shanti Marasini, Adibehalsadat Ghazanfari, Shuwen Liu, Tirusew Tegafaw, Kwon-Seok Chae, Yongmin Chang and Gang Ho Lee
Molecules 2020, 25(5), 1159; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25051159 - 05 Mar 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4314
Abstract
The study of ultra-small paramagnetic gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) as in vivo positive (T1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents is one of the most attractive fields in nanomedicine. The performance of the Gd2O [...] Read more.
The study of ultra-small paramagnetic gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) as in vivo positive (T1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents is one of the most attractive fields in nanomedicine. The performance of the Gd2O3 NP imaging agents depends on the surface-coating materials. In this study, poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) was used as a surface-coating polymer. The PMVEMA-coated paramagnetic ultra-small Gd2O3 NPs with an average particle diameter of 1.9 nm were synthesized using the one-pot polyol method. They exhibited excellent colloidal stability in water and good biocompatibility. They also showed a very high longitudinal water proton spin relaxivity (r1) value of 36.2 s−1mM−1 (r2/r1 = 2.0; r2 = transverse water proton spin relaxivity) under a 3.0 tesla MR field which is approximately 10 times higher than the r1 values of commercial molecular contrast agents. High positive contrast enhancements were observed in in vivo T1 MR images after intravenous administration of the NP solution sample, demonstrating its potential as a T1 MRI contrast agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Magnetic Materials)
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Review

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25 pages, 1496 KiB  
Review
Potential Toxicity of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Review
by Nemi Malhotra, Jiann-Shing Lee, Rhenz Alfred D. Liman, Johnsy Margotte S. Ruallo, Oliver B. Villaflores, Tzong-Rong Ger and Chung-Der Hsiao
Molecules 2020, 25(14), 3159; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25143159 - 10 Jul 2020
Cited by 221 | Viewed by 13270
Abstract
The noteworthy intensification in the development of nanotechnology has led to the development of various types of nanoparticles. The diverse applications of these nanoparticles make them desirable candidate for areas such as drug delivery, coasmetics, medicine, electronics, and contrast agents for magnetic resonance [...] Read more.
The noteworthy intensification in the development of nanotechnology has led to the development of various types of nanoparticles. The diverse applications of these nanoparticles make them desirable candidate for areas such as drug delivery, coasmetics, medicine, electronics, and contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and so on. Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles are a branch of nanoparticles which is specifically being considered as a contrast agent for MRI as well as targeted drug delivery vehicles, angiogenic therapy and chemotherapy as small size gives them advantage to travel intravascular or intracavity actively for drug delivery. Besides the mentioned advantages, the toxicity of the iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles is still less explored. For in vivo applications magnetic nanoparticles should be nontoxic and compatible with the body fluids. These particles tend to degrade in the body hence there is a need to understand the toxicity of the particles as whole and degraded products interacting within the body. Some nanoparticles have demonstrated toxic effects such inflammation, ulceration, and decreases in growth rate, decline in viability and triggering of neurobehavioral alterations in plants and cell lines as well as in animal models. The cause of nanoparticles’ toxicity is attributed to their specific characteristics of great surface to volume ratio, chemical composition, size, and dosage, retention in body, immunogenicity, organ specific toxicity, breakdown and elimination from the body. In the current review paper, we aim to sum up the current knowledge on the toxic effects of different magnetic nanoparticles on cell lines, marine organisms and rodents. We believe that the comprehensive data can provide significant study parameters and recent developments in the field. Thereafter, collecting profound knowledge on the background of the subject matter, will contribute to drive research in this field in a new sustainable direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Magnetic Materials)
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14 pages, 5765 KiB  
Review
Magnetic Elements for Neuromorphic Computing
by Tomasz Blachowicz and Andrea Ehrmann
Molecules 2020, 25(11), 2550; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25112550 - 30 May 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3873
Abstract
Neuromorphic computing is assumed to be significantly more energy efficient than, and at the same time expected to outperform, conventional computers in several applications, such as data classification, since it overcomes the so-called von Neumann bottleneck. Artificial synapses and neurons can be implemented [...] Read more.
Neuromorphic computing is assumed to be significantly more energy efficient than, and at the same time expected to outperform, conventional computers in several applications, such as data classification, since it overcomes the so-called von Neumann bottleneck. Artificial synapses and neurons can be implemented into conventional hardware using new software, but also be created by diverse spintronic devices and other elements to completely avoid the disadvantages of recent hardware architecture. Here, we report on diverse approaches to implement neuromorphic functionalities in novel hardware using magnetic elements, published during the last years. Magnetic elements play an important role in neuromorphic computing. While other approaches, such as optical and conductive elements, are also under investigation in many groups, magnetic nanostructures and generally magnetic materials offer large advantages, especially in terms of data storage, but they can also unambiguously be used for data transport, e.g., by propagation of skyrmions or domain walls. This review underlines the possible applications of magnetic materials and nanostructures in neuromorphic systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Magnetic Materials)
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