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New Advances in Molecular Imaging Probes
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New Advances in Molecular Imaging Probes

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 15102

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mauricio Morais

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology at University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: syntheses; radiolabelling of biologically active peptides; antibodies; small molecules and functionalized nanoparticles for molecular imaging and drug delivery; bioconjugation chemistry; design and evaluation of metal sensing probes
Dr. Péter Kele

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chemical Biology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
Interests: bioorthogonal chemistry; genetic encoding of non-canonical amino acids; development of fluorescent and fluorogenic probes; super-resolution microscopy; protein labeling; photocages; targeted therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last decade, probes that facilitate tracking of molecular events have been developed for different imaging modalities spanning nuclear, optical, magnetic, ultrasound, as well as in hybrid settings (PET/MRI, optical/nuclear). The success of these probes has been demonstrated by a large number of preclinical and clinical studies. Some of these approaches with translational potential are already reaching the clinic, with a great possible impact on patient care.

This Special Issue of Molecules is focused on recent advances in molecular imaging probes. Authors are encouraged to submit research papers and comprehensive reviews describing novel molecular probes, multimodal or theranostic agents, and their imaging properties.

Dr. Péter Kele
Dr. Mauricio Morais
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Molecular probes
  • Molecular imaging
  • Nuclear imaging
  • Optical imaging
  • Super-resolution imaging
  • Photoacoustic imaging
  • Ultrasound imaging
  • Multimodal imaging
  • Emergent radionuclides
  • Antibody
  • Peptide
  • Small molecule
  • Nanoparticles
  • Biotechnology
  • Metal sensing

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 6462 KiB  
Article
A Genetically Encoded Isonitrile Lysine for Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Labeling Schemes
by Ágnes Szatmári, Gergely B. Cserép, Tibor Á. Molnár, Bianka Söveges, Adrienn Biró, György Várady, Edit Szabó, Krisztina Németh and Péter Kele
Molecules 2021, 26(16), 4988; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26164988 - 18 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3309
Abstract
Bioorthogonal click-reactions represent ideal means for labeling biomolecules selectively and specifically with suitable small synthetic dyes. Genetic code expansion (GCE) technology enables efficient site-selective installation of bioorthogonal handles onto proteins of interest (POIs). Incorporation of bioorthogonalized non-canonical amino acids is a minimally perturbing [...] Read more.
Bioorthogonal click-reactions represent ideal means for labeling biomolecules selectively and specifically with suitable small synthetic dyes. Genetic code expansion (GCE) technology enables efficient site-selective installation of bioorthogonal handles onto proteins of interest (POIs). Incorporation of bioorthogonalized non-canonical amino acids is a minimally perturbing means of enabling the study of proteins in their native environment. The growing demand for the multiple modification of POIs has triggered the quest for developing orthogonal bioorthogonal reactions that allow simultaneous modification of biomolecules. The recently reported bioorthogonal [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction of bulky tetrazines and sterically demanding isonitriles has prompted us to develop a non-canonical amino acid (ncAA) bearing a suitable isonitrile function. Herein we disclose the synthesis and genetic incorporation of this ncAA together with studies aiming at assessing the mutual orthogonality between its reaction with bulky tetrazines and the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction of bicyclononyne (BCN) and tetrazine. Results showed that the new ncAA, bulky-isonitrile-carbamate-lysine (BICK) is efficiently and specifically incorporated into proteins by genetic code expansion, and despite the slow [4 + 1] cycloaddition, enables the labeling of outer membrane receptors such as insulin receptor (IR) with a membrane-impermeable dye. Furthermore, double labeling of protein structures in live and fixed mammalian cells was achieved using the mutually orthogonal bioorthogonal IEDDA and [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction pair, by introducing BICK through GCE and BCN through a HaloTag technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Molecular Imaging Probes)
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Review

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28 pages, 9005 KiB  
Review
PET Imaging of the Neuropeptide Y System: A Systematic Review
by Inês C. F. Fonseca, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Cláudia Cavadas and Antero J. Abrunhosa
Molecules 2022, 27(12), 3726; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27123726 - 09 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2229
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a vastly studied biological peptide with numerous physiological functions that activate the NPY receptor family (Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5). Moreover, these receptors are correlated with the pathophysiology of several diseases such [...] Read more.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a vastly studied biological peptide with numerous physiological functions that activate the NPY receptor family (Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5). Moreover, these receptors are correlated with the pathophysiology of several diseases such as feeding disorders, anxiety, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, some types of cancers and others. In order to deepen the knowledge of NPY receptors’ functions and molecular mechanisms, neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) have been used. The development of new radiotracers for the different NPY receptors and their subsequent PET studies have led to significant insights into molecular mechanisms involving NPY receptors. This article provides a systematic review of the imaging biomarkers that have been developed as PET tracers in order to study the NPY receptor family. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Molecular Imaging Probes)
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26 pages, 3363 KiB  
Review
Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans
by Paul Cumming, Milan Scheidegger, Dario Dornbierer, Mikael Palner, Boris B. Quednow and Chantal Martin-Soelch
Molecules 2021, 26(9), 2451; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26092451 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 8809
Abstract
Hallucinogens are a loosely defined group of compounds including LSD, N,N-dimethyltryptamines, mescaline, psilocybin/psilocin, and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methamphetamine (DOM), which can evoke intense visual and emotional experiences. We are witnessing a renaissance of research interest in hallucinogens, driven by increasing awareness of their psychotherapeutic potential. [...] Read more.
Hallucinogens are a loosely defined group of compounds including LSD, N,N-dimethyltryptamines, mescaline, psilocybin/psilocin, and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methamphetamine (DOM), which can evoke intense visual and emotional experiences. We are witnessing a renaissance of research interest in hallucinogens, driven by increasing awareness of their psychotherapeutic potential. As such, we now present a narrative review of the literature on hallucinogen binding in vitro and ex vivo, and the various molecular imaging studies with positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT). In general, molecular imaging can depict the uptake and binding distribution of labelled hallucinogenic compounds or their congeners in the brain, as was shown in an early PET study with N1-([11C]-methyl)-2-bromo-LSD ([11C]-MBL); displacement with the non-radioactive competitor ketanserin confirmed that the majority of [11C]-MBL specific binding was to serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. However, interactions at serotonin 5HT1A and other classes of receptors and pleotropic effects on second messenger pathways may contribute to the particular experiential phenomenologies of LSD and other hallucinogenic compounds. Other salient aspects of hallucinogen action include permeability to the blood–brain barrier, the rates of metabolism and elimination, and the formation of active metabolites. Despite the maturation of radiochemistry and molecular imaging in recent years, there has been only a handful of PET or SPECT studies of radiolabeled hallucinogens, most recently using the 5-HT2A/2C agonist N-(2[11CH3O]-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy- 4-bromophenethylamine ([11C]Cimbi-36). In addition to PET studies of target engagement at neuroreceptors and transporters, there is a small number of studies on the effects of hallucinogenic compounds on cerebral perfusion ([15O]-water) or metabolism ([18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose/FDG). There remains considerable scope for basic imaging research on the sites of interaction of hallucinogens and their cerebrometabolic effects; we expect that hybrid imaging with PET in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) should provide especially useful for the next phase of this research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Molecular Imaging Probes)
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