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Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science

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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 24551

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alex Trukhanov

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Guest Editor

Scientific Practical Materials Research Centre, NAS of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
Interests: magnetic materials; magnetic properties; structural properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Kanyukov Egor

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Scientific Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Artem Kozlovskiy

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1. The Institute of Nuclear Physics of Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan; 2. L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Interests: nanostructures; electronic nanomaterials; ferroelectrics; ceramics; membrane technologies; thermoplastic composites; 3D materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the modern world, great attention has been paid to nanostructures and devices based on them, the interest in which is due to their unique properties, as well as their significant differences from massive materials. In addition, much attention has been paid to the processes of radiation hardening as a result of the irradiation of nanostructured ceramics and thin films, which have found application in nuclear power, protective coatings and radiation-resistant materials.

This Special Issue will be devoted to research in the field of production, the study of properties, and phase transformations in nanostructured ceramics and thin films. Special attention will be paid to the processes of phase and structural transformation in nanostructures and nanostructured materials, ceramics, and thin films resulting from irradiation with ionizing radiation such as heavy ions, electrons and gamma quanta. In addition, works devoted to the processes of the practical application of nanostructures and nanostructured ceramics are welcome.

Dr. Alex V. Trukhanov
Dr. Kanyukov Egor
Dr. Artem Kozlovskiy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Nanostructured ceramics
Magnetic ceramic
Nanomaterials
Ferroic materials
Ferroelectrics and ferroelastics
Thin films
Two-dimensional materials
Ion modification
Ion-modified ceramics
Photocatalysis

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 14607 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Mechanical Reinforcement of ABS with Optimized Nano Titanium Nitride Content for Material Extrusion 3D Printing

by Nectarios Vidakis, Panagiotis Mangelis, Markos Petousis, Nikolaos Mountakis, Vassilis Papadakis, Amalia Moutsopoulou and Dimitris Tsikritzis

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(4), 669; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13040669 - 08 Feb 2023

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1823

Abstract

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) nanocomposites were developed using Material Extrusion (MEX) Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) methods. A range of mechanical tests was conducted on the produced 3D-printed structures to investigate the effect of Titanium Nitride (TiN) nanoparticles on the mechanical response of thermoplastic polymers. Detailed morphological characterization of the produced filaments and 3D-printed specimens was carried out using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). High-magnification images revealed a direct impact of the TiN concentration on the surface characteristics of the nanocomposites, indicating a strong correlation with their mechanical performance. The chemical compositions of the raw and nanocomposite materials were thoroughly investigated by conducting Raman and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) measurements. Most of the mechanical properties were improved with the inclusion of TiN nanoparticles with a content of 6 wt. % to reach the optimum mechanical response overall. ABS/TiN 6 wt. % exhibits remarkable increases in flexural modulus of elasticity (42.3%) and toughness (54.0%) in comparison with pure ABS. The development of ABS/TiN nanocomposites with reinforced mechanical properties is a successful example that validates the feasibility and powerful abilities of MEX 3D printing in AM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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19 pages, 11944 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of Phase Transformations and Hyperfine Interactions in Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@Au Nanoparticles

by Vyacheslav S. Rusakov, Artem L. Kozlovskiy, Maxim S. Fadeev, Kamila B. Egizbek, Assel Nazarova, Kayrat K. Kadyrzhanov, Dmitriy I. Shlimas and Maxim V. Zdorovets

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(23), 4121; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12234121 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1177

Abstract

The paper presents the results of a study of iron oxide nanoparticles obtained by chemical coprecipitation, coated (Fe₃O₄@Au) and not coated (Fe₃O₄) with gold, which were subjected to thermal annealing. To characterize the nanoparticles under study, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy on ⁵⁷Fe nuclei were used, the combination of which made it possible to establish a sequence of phase transformations, changes in morphological and structural characteristics, as well as parameters of hyperfine interactions. During the studies, it was found that thermal annealing of nanoparticles leads to phase transformation processes in the following sequence: nonstoichiometric magnetite (Fe_3−γO₄) → maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃) → hematite (α-Fe₂O₃), followed by structural ordering and coarsening of nanoparticles. It is shown that nanoparticles of nonstoichiometric magnetite with and without gold coating are in the superparamagnetic state with a slow relaxation rate. The magnetic anisotropy energy of nonstoichiometric magnetite is determined as a function of the annealing temperature. An estimate was made of the average size of the region of magnetic ordering of Fe atoms in nonstoichiometric magnetite, which is in good agreement with the data on the average sizes of nanoparticles determined by scanning electron microscopy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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15 pages, 4907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of the Reinforcement Effect in (0.5–x)TeO₂–0.2WO₃–0.1Bi₂O₃–0.1MoO₃–0.1SiO₂–xCNDs Glasses Doped with Carbon Nanodiamonds

by Artem L. Kozlovskiy, Indira Tleulessova, Daryn B. Borgekov, Vladimir V. Uglov, Viktor M. Anishchik, Maxim V. Zdorovets and Dmitriy I. Shlimas

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(19), 3310; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12193310 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 978

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of carbon nanodiamonds on the reinforcement and hardening of telluride glasses, as well as to establish the dependence of the strengthening properties and optical characteristics of glasses on CND concentration. According to X-ray diffraction data, the synthesized glasses have an amorphous structure despite the addition of CNDs, and at high concentrations of CNDs, reflections characteristic of small crystalline particles of carbon nanodiamonds are observed. An analysis of the strength properties of glasses depending on the concentration of the CND dopant showed that an increase in the CND concentration to 0.10–0.15 mol. leads to an increase in hardness by 33–50% in comparison with undoped samples. The studies carried out to determine the resistance to external influences found that doping leads to an increase in the resistance of strength characteristics against destruction and embrittlement, and in the case of high concentrations, the change in strength properties is minimal, which indicates a high ceramic stability degree. The study of the radiation resistance of synthesized glasses found that the addition of CNDs leads to an increase in resistance to radiation damage when irradiated with gamma rays, while also maintaining resistance to high radiation doses. The study of the shielding characteristics found that the addition of CNDs is most effective in shielding gamma rays with energies of 130–660 MeV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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16 pages, 11856 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of Radiation Resistance of WO₃ Microparticles under Irradiation with Heavy Kr¹⁵⁺ and Xe²²⁺ Ions

by Dauren B. Kadyrzhanov, Artem L. Kozlovskiy, Maxim V. Zdorovets, Ainagul A. Khametova and Dmitriy I. Shlimas

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(17), 2909; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12172909 - 24 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 903

Abstract

In this work, we consider the effect of irradiation with heavy Kr¹⁵⁺ and Xe²²⁺ ions on the change in the structural and strength properties of WO₃ microparticles, which are among the candidates for inert matrix materials. Irradiation with heavy Kr¹⁵⁺ and Xe²²⁺ ions was chosen to determine the possibility of simulation of radiation damage comparable to the impact of fission fragments. During the studies, it was found that the main changes in the structural properties with an increase in the irradiation fluence are associated with the crystal lattice deformation and its anisotropic distortion, which is most pronounced during irradiation with heavy Kr¹⁵⁺ ions. An assessment of the gaseous swelling effect due to the radiation damage accumulation showed that a change in the ion type during irradiation leads to an increase in the swelling value by more than 8–10%. Results of strength changes showed that the most intense decrease in the hardness of the near-surface layer is observed when the fluence reaches more than 10¹² ion/cm², which is typical for the effect of overlapping radiation damage in the material. The dependences obtained for the change in structural and strength properties can later be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of refractory oxide materials for their use in the creation of inert matrices of nuclear fuel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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11 pages, 2496 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis, Phase Transformations and Strength Properties of Nanostructured (1 − x)ZrO₂ − xCeO₂ Composite Ceramics

by Askhat Berguzinov, Artem Kozlovskiy, Ainagul A. Khametova and Dmitriy I. Shlimas

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(12), 1979; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12121979 - 09 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1161

Abstract

The aim of this work is to study the properties of nanostructured (1 − x)ZrO₂ − xCeO₂ composite ceramics, depending on the content of oxide components, as well as to establish the relationship between the phase composition of ceramics and strength properties. The choice of (1− x)ZrO₂ − xCeO₂ composite ceramics as objects of study is due to the great prospects for using them as the basis for inert matrix materials for nuclear dispersed fuel, which can replace traditional uranium fuel in high-temperature nuclear reactors. Using X-ray diffraction, it was found that the variation of the oxide components leads to phase transformations of the Monoclinic-ZrO₂ → Monoclinic − Zr_0.98Ce_0.02O₂/Tetragonal − ZrO₂ → Tetragonal − Zr_0.85Ce_0.15O₂ → Tetragonal − ZrCeO₄/Ce_0.1Zr_0.9O₂ type. As a result of mechanical tests, it was found that the formation of tetragonal phases in the structure of ceramics leads to strengthening of ceramics and an increase in crack resistance, which is due not only to an increase in the crystallinity degree, but also to the effect of dislocation hardening associated with a decrease in grain size. It has been established that a change in the phase composition due to phase transformations and displacement of the ZrO₂ phase from the ceramic structure with its transformation into the phase of partial replacement of Zr_0.85Ce_0.15O₂ or Ce_0.1Zr_0.9O₂ leads to the strengthening of ceramics by more than 3.5–4 times. The results of resistance to crack formation under single compression showed that the formation of the ZrCeO₄ phase in the structure of ceramics leads to an increase in the resistance of ceramics to cracking by more than 2.5 times. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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10 pages, 834 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of Degradation Mechanisms of Strength and Thermal-Physical Properties of Nitride and Carbide Ceramics—Promising Materials for Nuclear Energy

by Askhat Berguzinov, Artem Kozlovskiy, Inesh Kenzhina and Dmitriy I. Shlimas

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(11), 1789; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12111789 - 24 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1255

Abstract

The dependences of changes in the strength properties of nitride and carbide ceramics under high temperature irradiation with Kr¹⁵⁺ and Xe²²⁺ heavy ions at irradiation doses of 10¹²–10¹⁵ ions/cm² are presented in this work. The irradiation was chosen to simulate radiation damage processes that are closest to the real conditions of reactor tests in operating modes of increased temperatures. Polycrystalline ceramics based on AlN, Si₃N₄ nitrides, and SiC carbides were chosen as objects of research, as they have great prospects for use as a basis for structural materials for high-temperature nuclear reactors, as well as materials for nuclear waste disposal. During these studies the effect of radiation damage caused by irradiation with different fluences on the change in mechanical strength and hardness were determined, and the mechanisms causing these changes depending on the type of irradiated materials were proposed. The novelty of this study is in the results obtained determining the stability of the strength and thermophysical parameters of nitride and carbide ceramics exposed to high-temperature irradiation, which made it possible to determine the main stages and mechanisms for changing these parameters depending on the accumulated radiation damage. The relevance of this study consists not only in obtaining new data on the properties of structural materials exposed to ionizing radiation, but also in the possibility of determining the mechanisms of radiation damage in ceramics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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20 pages, 3758 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Band Gap Engineering of Newly Discovered ZnO/ZnS Polytypic Nanomaterials

by Dejan Zagorac, Jelena Zagorac, Milan Pejić, Branko Matović and Johann Christian Schön

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1595; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12091595 - 08 May 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2239

Abstract

We report on a new class of ZnO/ZnS nanomaterials based on the wurtzite/sphalerite architecture with improved electronic properties. Semiconducting properties of pristine ZnO and ZnS compounds and mixed ZnO_1−xS_x nanomaterials have been investigated using ab initio methods. In particular, we present the results of our theoretical investigation on the electronic structure of the ZnO_1−xS_x (x = 0.20, 0.25, 0.33, 0.50, 0.60, 0.66, and 0.75) nanocrystalline polytypes (2H, 3C, 4H, 5H, 6H, 8H, 9R, 12R, and 15R) calculated using hybrid PBE0 and HSE06 functionals. The main observations are the possibility of alternative polytypic nanomaterials, the effects of structural features of such polytypic nanostructures on semiconducting properties of ZnO/ZnS nanomaterials, the ability to tune the band gap as a function of sulfur content, as well as the influence of the location of sulfur layers in the structure that can dramatically affect electronic properties. Our study opens new fields of ZnO/ZnS band gap engineering on a multi-scale level with possible applications in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, heterojunction solar cells, infrared detectors, thermoelectrics, or/and nanostructured ceramics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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10 pages, 4516 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microstructure and Intrinsic Strain of Nanocrystals in Ferroelectric (Na,K)NbO₃ Nanofibers

by Alexander M. Grishin

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1541; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12091541 - 02 May 2022

Viewed by 1476

Abstract

Densely woven highly crystallized biocompatible sodium–potassium niobate Na_0.35K_0.65NbO₃ fibers with an average diameter of 100–200 nm and several hundreds of microns in length were sintered by the sol–gel calcination-assisted electrospinning technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed preferential cube-on-cube [001] orientation of nanocrystals within the fiber’s body, separated by a low angle grain boundary. The Williamson–Hall method was employed to analyze the broadening of XRD reflections and to accurately determine the size and intrinsic strain of nanocrystal fiber aggregates. The main objective of this article is to test the potential capacity of direct XRD analysis to noninvasively control crystallite size and lattice distortion in core-shell coaxial nanofibers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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11 pages, 2653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of the Effect of Doping ZrO₂ Ceramics with MgO to Increase the Resistance to Polymorphic Transformations under the Action of Irradiation

by Alisher E. Kurakhmedov, Mahambet Alin, Adilet M. Temir, Igor A. Ivanov, Yeugeniy V. Bikhert, Yerulan O. Ungarbayev, Maxim V. Zdorovets and Artem L. Kozlovskiy

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(12), 3172; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11123172 - 23 Nov 2021

Viewed by 1586

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of doping ZrO₂ ceramics with MgO on radiation swelling and polymorphic transformations, as a result of irradiation with heavy ions. Interest in these types of materials is due to the great prospects for their use as structural materials for new-generation reactors. The study established the dependences of the phase composition formation and changes in the structural parameters following a change in the concentration of MgO. It has been established that the main mechanism for changing the structural properties of ceramics is the displacement of the cubic c-ZrO₂ phase by the Zr_0.9Mg_0.1O₂ substitution phase, which leads to an increase in the stability of ceramic properties to irradiation. It has been determined that an increase in MgO concentration leads to the formation of an impurity phase Zr_0.9Mg_0.1O₂ due to the type of substitution, resulting in changes to the structural parameters of ceramics. During studies of changes in the strength properties of irradiated ceramics, it was found that the formation of a phase in the Zr_0.9Mg_0.1O₂ structure leads to an increase in the resistance to cracking and embrittlement of the surface layers of ceramics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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17 pages, 4487 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Properties of the Densely Packed Ultra-Long Ni Nanowires Encapsulated in Alumina Membrane

by Daria Tishkevich, Alla Vorobjova, Dmitry Shimanovich, Egor Kaniukov, Artem Kozlovskiy, Maxim Zdorovets, Denis Vinnik, Andrei Turutin, Ilya Kubasov, Alexander Kislyuk, Mengge Dong, M. I. Sayyed, Tatiana Zubar and Alex Trukhanov

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(7), 1775; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11071775 - 08 Jul 2021

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 2386

Abstract

High-quality and compact arrays of Ni nanowires with a high ratio (up to 700) were obtained by DC electrochemical deposition into porous anodic alumina membranes with a distance between pores equal to 105 nm. The nanowire arrays were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and vibration magnetometry at 300 K and 4.2 K. Microscopic and X-ray diffraction results showed that Ni nanowires are homogeneous, with smooth walls and mostly single-crystalline materials with a 220-oriented growth direction. The magnetic properties of the samples (coercivity and squareness) depend more on the length of the nanowires and the packing factor (the volume fraction of the nanowires in the membrane). It is shown that the dipolar interaction changes the demagnetizing field during a reversal magnetization of the Ni nanowires, and the general effective field of magnetostatic uniaxial shape anisotropy. The effect of magnetostatic interaction between ultra-long nanowires (with an aspect ratio of >500) in samples with a packing factor of ≥37% leads to a reversal magnetization state, in which a “curling”-type model of nanowire behavior is realized. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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14 pages, 3944 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Transport Evolution Due to Nanostructural Transformations in Ga-Doped Indium-Tin-Oxide Thin Films

by Alexandr Cocemasov, Vladimir Brinzari, Do-Gyeom Jeong, Ghenadii Korotcenkov, Sergiu Vatavu, Jong S. Lee and Denis L. Nika

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(5), 1126; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11051126 - 27 Apr 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2303

Abstract

We report on a comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigation of thermal conductivity in indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films with various Ga concentrations (0–30 at. %) deposited by spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy have shown a structural transformation in the range 15–20 at. % Ga from the nanocrystalline to the amorphous phase. Room temperature femtosecond time domain thermoreflectance measurements showed nonlinear decrease of thermal conductivity in the range 2.0–0.5 Wm⁻¹ K⁻¹ depending on Ga doping level. It was found from a comparison between density functional theory calculations and XRD data that Ga atoms substitute In atoms in the ITO nanocrystals retaining Ia-3 space group symmetry. The calculated phonon dispersion relations revealed that Ga doping leads to the appearance of hybridized metal atom vibrations with avoided-crossing behavior. These hybridized vibrations possess shortened mean free paths and are the main reason behind the thermal conductivity drop in nanocrystalline phase. An evolution from propagative to diffusive phonon thermal transport in ITO:Ga with 15–20 at. % of Ga was established. The suppressed thermal conductivity of ITO:Ga thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis may be crucial for their thermoelectric applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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15 pages, 2926 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Study of Changes in Optical and Heat-Conducting Properties of AlN Ceramics under Irradiation with Kr¹⁵⁺ and Xe²²⁺ Heavy Ions

by Artem L. Kozlovskiy, Maxim V. Zdorovets and Vladimir V. Uglov

Nanomaterials 2020, 10(12), 2375; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano10122375 - 28 Nov 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1489

Abstract

AlN-based ceramics have great prospects for use in the field of structural materials for reactors of the new generation of GenIV, as well as dosimetric and optical devices. Interest in them is due to their unique physical and chemical properties, high resistance to degradation and excellent insulating properties. This work is devoted to the study of changes in the optical and heat-conducting properties of AlN ceramics as a result of irradiation with Kr¹⁵⁺ and Xe²²⁺ heavy ions with energies close to those of fission fragments of uranium nuclei, and fluences 10¹⁴–10¹⁵ ion/cm². During the study, dose relationships of changes in the optical properties of ceramics were established, as well as the effect of the type of ions on the degree of radiation damage and deterioration of optical characteristics. It has been found that an increase in the irradiation dose for Kr¹⁵⁺ ions leads to a slight increase in the depth of electron traps, while for samples irradiated with Xe²²⁺ ions there is a sharp increase in the depth of occurrence from 5 to 20%, depending on the irradiation dose. For samples irradiated with Xe²²⁺ ions, the greatest decrease in thermal conductivity was 19%, while for ceramics irradiated with Kr¹⁵⁺ ions, the maximum decrease was not more than 10%. The results show a significant resistance of ceramics to radiation damage by Kr¹⁵⁺ ions and negative effects, leading to a decrease in the resistance of optical and conductive properties of ceramics when irradiated with Xe²²⁺ ions with doses higher than 5 × 10¹⁴ ion/cm². Using the X-ray diffraction method, the dependences of structural distortions and changes in dislocation density in the structure of ceramics on the radiation dose were established. It has been determined that the main structural changes are associated with the fragmentation of grains, which result in an increase in the dislocation density, as well as deformation and distortion of the crystal lattice as a result of the formation of complex defects in the structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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Review

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39 pages, 18601 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Laser Drilling of Structural Ceramics

by Xianshi Jia, Yongqian Chen, Lei Liu, Cong Wang and Ji’an Duan

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(2), 230; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12020230 - 11 Jan 2022

Cited by 51 | Viewed by 4511

Abstract

The high-quality, high-efficiency micro-hole drilling of structural ceramics to improve the thermal conductivity of hot-end parts or achieve high-density electronic packaging is still a technical challenge for conventional processing techniques. Recently, the laser drilling method (LDM) has become the preferred processing tool for structural ceramics, and it plays an irreplaceable role in the industrialized processing of group holes on structural ceramic surfaces. A variety of LDMs such as long pulsed laser drilling, short pulsed laser drilling, ultrafast pulsed laser drilling, liquid-assisted laser drilling, combined pulse laser drilling have been developed to achieved high-quality and high-efficiency micro-hole drilling through controlling the laser–matter interaction. This article reviews the characteristics of different LDMs and systematically compares the morphology, diameter, circularity, taper angle, cross-section, heat affect zone, recast layer, cracks, roughness, micro–nano structure, photothermal effect and photochemical reaction of the drilling. Additionally, exactly what processing parameters and ambient environments are optimal for precise and efficient laser drilling and their recent advancements were analyzed. Finally, a summary and outlook of the LDM technology are also highlighted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Ceramics in Modern Materials Science)

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