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Nanomaterials
Special Issues
Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Therapy and/or Diagnosis
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Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Therapy and/or Diagnosis

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 20078

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sandrine Cammas-Marion

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS, ENSCR, Rennes, France
Interests: anionic ring-opening polymerization of β-substituted β-lactones in presence of functional initiators; chemical modifications; functionalized (co)polyesters carrying molecules of interest (targeting agents, drugs, therapeutic genes, fluorescence probes, radionuclides, etc.); characterizations of (co)polymers; self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers and hydrophobic homopolymers; development of multifunctional nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes; site-specific drug delivery systems; therapy and/or diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Elaboration of multifunctional nanoparticles for therapy and/or diagnosis is the focus of many research works. Indeed, such nanocarriers associate the unique properties of multifunctional nanoparticles with those of therapeutic and/or diagnostic molecules to design efficient nanomedicine that can be personalized. The development of multifunctional nanoparticles relies on the well-controlled synthesis and characterization of the constituting materials (lipids, polymers, etc.) having functional groups allowing the grafting of targeting agents (anti-bodies, peptides, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc.), chelates and/or biologically active molecules (anti-cancer drugs, radionuclides, etc.). Grafting of selected molecules is usually realized using classical coupling reactions and bio-orthogonal chemistry. Finally, several methods are available for the formulation of native and chemically modified materials leading to well-defined multifunctional nanoparticles that are characterized by various methods such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the function of the grafted/encapsulated biologically active molecules, the corresponding multifunctional nanoparticles can be used for therapy and/or diagnosis.

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials will attempt to cover the recent advances in the development of multifunctional nanoparticles for therapy and/or diagnosis focusing on the preparation and characterization of such nanovectors whatever their constituting materials (lipids, polymers, etc.), the encapsulation of therapeutics and/or diagnosis agents, and their in vitro/in vivo efficiencies.

Dr. Sandrine Cammas-Marion
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Multifunctional nanoparticles
  • Synthesis of multifunctional materials
  • Chemical modifications
  • Nanoparticles formulation
  • Nanoparticles characterization
  • Therapy
  • Diagnosis

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 173 KiB  
Editorial
Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Therapy and/or Diagnosis
by Sandrine Cammas-Marion
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2321; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12142321 - 06 Jul 2022
Viewed by 804
Abstract
The design of multifunctional nanoparticles for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes continues to be a subject of tremendous research [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Therapy and/or Diagnosis)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

15 pages, 1211 KiB  
Article
Multifunctional Nanopolymers for Blood–Brain Barrier Delivery and Inhibition of Glioblastoma Growth through EGFR/EGFRvIII, c-Myc, and PD-1
by Rameshwar Patil, Tao Sun, Mohammad Harun Rashid, Liron L. Israel, Arshia Ramesh, Saya Davani, Keith L. Black, Alexander V. Ljubimov, Eggehard Holler and Julia Y. Ljubimova
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2892; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11112892 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3154
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain cancer in the pediatric and adult population. It is known as an untreatable tumor in urgent need of new therapeutic approaches. The objective of this work was to develop multifunctional nanomedicines to treat GBM in [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain cancer in the pediatric and adult population. It is known as an untreatable tumor in urgent need of new therapeutic approaches. The objective of this work was to develop multifunctional nanomedicines to treat GBM in clinical practice using combination therapy for several targets. We developed multifunctional nanopolymers (MNPs) based on a naturally derived biopolymer, poly(β-L-malic) acid, which are suitable for central nervous system (CNS) treatment. These MNPs contain several anticancer functional moieties with the capacity of crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), targeting GBM cells and suppressing two important molecular markers, tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptors EGFR/EGFRvIII and c-Myc nuclear transcription factor. The reproducible syntheses of MNPs where monoclonal antibodies are replaced with AP-2 peptide for effective BBB delivery were presented. The active anticancer inhibitors of mRNA/protein syntheses were Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). Two ways of covalent AON-polymer attachments with and without disulfide bonds were explored. These MNPs bearing AONs to EGFR/EGFRvIII and c-Myc, as well as in a combination with the polymer-attached checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1 antibody, orchestrated a multi-pronged attack on intracranial mouse GBM to successfully block tumor growth and significantly increase survival of brain tumor-bearing animals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Therapy and/or Diagnosis)
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14 pages, 3747 KiB  
Article
Oligo(Lactic Acid)8-Docetaxel Prodrug-Loaded PEG-b-PLA Micelles for Prostate Cancer
by Lauren Repp, Christopher J. Unterberger, Zhengqing Ye, John B. Feltenberger, Steven M. Swanson, Paul C. Marker and Glen S. Kwon
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2745; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11102745 - 17 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3442
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is among the most frequently prescribed chemotherapy drugs and has recently been shown to extend survival in advanced prostate cancer patients. However, the poor water solubility of DTX prevents full exploitation of this potent anticancer drug. The current marketed formulation, Taxotere [...] Read more.
Docetaxel (DTX) is among the most frequently prescribed chemotherapy drugs and has recently been shown to extend survival in advanced prostate cancer patients. However, the poor water solubility of DTX prevents full exploitation of this potent anticancer drug. The current marketed formulation, Taxotere®, contains a toxic co-solvent that induces adverse reactions following intravenous injection. Nano-sized polymeric micelles have been proposed to create safer, water-soluble carriers for DTX, but many have failed to reach the clinic due to poor carrier stability in vivo. In this study, we aimed to improve micelle stability by synthesizing an ester prodrug of DTX, oligo(lactic acid)8-docetaxel (o(LA)8-DTX), for augmented compatibility with the core of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA) micelles. Due to the enhancement of drug-carrier compatibility, we were able to load 50% (w/w) prodrug within the micelle, solubilize 20 mg/mL o(LA)8-DTX (~12 mg/mL DTX-equivalent) in aqueous media, and delay payload release. While the micelle core prohibited premature degradation, o(LA)8-DTX was rapidly converted to parent drug DTX through intramolecular backbiting (t1/2 = 6.3 h) or esterase-mediated degradation (t1/2 = 2.5 h) following release. Most importantly, o(LA)8-DTX micelles proved to be as efficacious but less toxic than Taxotere® in a preclinical mouse model of prostate cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Therapy and/or Diagnosis)
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21 pages, 4907 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Poly(Malic Acid) Derivatives End-Functionalized with Peptides and Preparation of Biocompatible Nanoparticles to Target Hepatoma Cells
by Clarisse Brossard, Manuel Vlach, Elise Vène, Catherine Ribault, Vincent Dorcet, Nicolas Noiret, Pascal Loyer, Nicolas Lepareur and Sandrine Cammas-Marion
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 958; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11040958 - 09 Apr 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2347
Abstract
Recently, short synthetic peptides have gained interest as targeting agents in the design of site-specific nanomedicines. In this context, our work aimed at developing new tools for the diagnosis and/or therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by grafting the hepatotropic George Baker (GB) virus [...] Read more.
Recently, short synthetic peptides have gained interest as targeting agents in the design of site-specific nanomedicines. In this context, our work aimed at developing new tools for the diagnosis and/or therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by grafting the hepatotropic George Baker (GB) virus A (GBVA10-9) and Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (CPB)-derived peptides to the biocompatible poly(benzyl malate), PMLABe. We successfully synthesized PMLABe derivatives end-functionalized with peptides GBVA10-9, CPB, and their corresponding scrambled peptides through a thiol/maleimide reaction. The corresponding nanoparticles (NPs), varying by the nature of the peptide (GBVA10-9, CPB, and their scrambled peptides) and the absence or presence of poly(ethylene glycol) were also successfully formulated using nanoprecipitation technique. NPs were further characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), highlighting a diameter lower than 150 nm, a negative surface charge, and a more or less spherical shape. Moreover, a fluorescent probe (DiD Oil) has been encapsulated during the nanoprecipitation process. Finally, preliminary in vitro internalisation assays using HepaRG hepatoma cells demonstrated that CPB peptide-functionalized PMLABe NPs were efficiently internalized by endocytosis, and that such nanoobjects may be promising drug delivery systems for the theranostics of HCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Therapy and/or Diagnosis)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

28 pages, 6565 KiB  
Review
Small-Sized Co-Polymers for Targeted Delivery of Multiple Imaging and Therapeutic Agents
by Julia Y. Ljubimova, Arshia Ramesh, Liron L. Israel and Eggehard Holler
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2996; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11112996 - 08 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2009
Abstract
Research has increasingly focused on the delivery of high, often excessive amounts of drugs, neglecting negative aspects of the carrier’s physical preconditions and biocompatibility. Among them, little attention has been paid to “small but beautiful” design of vehicle and multiple cargo to achieve [...] Read more.
Research has increasingly focused on the delivery of high, often excessive amounts of drugs, neglecting negative aspects of the carrier’s physical preconditions and biocompatibility. Among them, little attention has been paid to “small but beautiful” design of vehicle and multiple cargo to achieve effortless targeted delivery into deep tissue. The design of small biopolymers for deep tissue targeted delivery of multiple imaging agents and therapeutics (mini-nano carriers) emphasizes linear flexible polymer platforms with a hydrodynamic diameter of 4 nm to 10 nm, geometrically favoring dynamic juxtaposition of ligands to host receptors, and economic drug content. Platforms of biodegradable, non-toxic poly(β-l-malic acid) of this size carrying multiple chemically bound, optionally nature-derived or synthetic affinity peptides and drugs for a variety of purposes are described in this review with specific examples. The size, shape, and multiple attachments to membrane sites accelerate vascular escape and fast blood clearance, as well as the increase in medical treatment and contrasts for tissue imaging. High affinity antibodies routinely considered for targeting, such as the brain through the blood–brain barrier (BBB), are replaced by moderate affinity binding peptides (vectors), which penetrate at high influxes not achievable by antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Therapy and/or Diagnosis)
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33 pages, 3153 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in Phthalocyanine-Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy
by Wioleta Borzęcka, Adrian Domiński and Marek Kowalczuk
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2426; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11092426 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3062
Abstract
This perspective article summarizes the last decade’s developments in the field of phthalocyanine (Pc)-polymeric nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), including studies with at least in vitro data. Moreover, special attention will be paid to the various strategies for enhancing [...] Read more.
This perspective article summarizes the last decade’s developments in the field of phthalocyanine (Pc)-polymeric nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), including studies with at least in vitro data. Moreover, special attention will be paid to the various strategies for enhancing the behavior of Pc-polymeric NPs in PDT, underlining the great potential of this class of nanomaterials as advanced Pcs’ nanocarriers for cancer PDT. This review shows that there is still a lot of research to be done, opening the door to new and interesting nanodelivery systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Therapy and/or Diagnosis)
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23 pages, 3624 KiB  
Review
Highly Branched Polymers Based on Poly(amino acid)s for Biomedical Application
by Marisa Thompson and Carmen Scholz
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(5), 1119; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11051119 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 4462
Abstract
Polymers consisting of amino acid building blocks continue to receive consideration for biomedical applications. Since poly(amino acid)s are built from natural amino acids, the same building blocks proteins are made of, they are biocompatible, biodegradable and their degradation products are metabolizable. Some amino [...] Read more.
Polymers consisting of amino acid building blocks continue to receive consideration for biomedical applications. Since poly(amino acid)s are built from natural amino acids, the same building blocks proteins are made of, they are biocompatible, biodegradable and their degradation products are metabolizable. Some amino acids display a unique asymmetrical AB2 structure, which facilitates their ability to form branched structures. This review compares the three forms of highly branched polymeric structures: structurally highly organized dendrimers, dendrigrafts and the less organized, but readily synthesizable hyperbranched polymers. Their syntheses are reviewed and compared, methods of synthesis modulations are considered and variations on their traditional syntheses are shown. The potential use of highly branched polymers in the realm of biomedical applications is discussed, specifically their applications as delivery vehicles for genes and drugs and their use as antiviral compounds. Of the twenty essential amino acids, L-lysine, L-glutamic acid, and L-aspartic acid are asymmetrical AB2 molecules, but the bulk of the research into highly branched poly(amino acid)s has focused on the polycationic poly(L-lysine) with a lesser extent on poly(L-glutamic acid). Hence, the majority of potential applications lies in delivery systems for nucleic acids and this review examines and compares how these three types of highly branched polymers function as non-viral gene delivery vectors. When considering drug delivery systems, the small size of these highly branched polymers is advantageous for the delivery of inhalable drug. Even though highly branched polymers, in particular dendrimers, have been studied for more than 40 years for the delivery of genes and drugs, they have not translated in large scale into the clinic except for promising antiviral applications that have been commercialized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Therapy and/or Diagnosis)
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