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Nanotechnologies for Biomedical Applications in Biosensors and Devices

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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanophotonics Materials and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 23189

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy

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Guest Editor

Materials Research and Technology (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, Rue du Brill, L-4408 Belvaux, Luxembourg
Interests: micro/nanofabrication; materials and interfaces; plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies, miniaturized sensing devices/kits
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The evolution of healthcare technologies in the last decade has shown a strong increase in contribution from the diagnosis segment, with applications ranging from the detection of diseases to the design of therapy. This includes biosensors that are used in a range of contexts, including point of care testing, wearable devices, implantable devices and those used in centralized laboratories and hospitals. The evolving demands of biosensing in these contexts have placed increasing demands on sensitivity, measurement throughput, reliability and information content, with the nature of such information increasingly sought at the molecular level, and specifically to individual patients. Nanotechnology has a huge and compelling role to play in meeting these demands, through highly sensitive transducers, miniaturized sensor footprints, improved analyte mass transport to surface, reducing reagent consumption, and improved opportunities for multiplexed detection. The need for biosensors for biomedical applications goes beyond the needs for patient sample analysis, into domains such as monitoring the response of in vitro, organ or organoid models for toxicity testing, the discovery of biomarkers and drugs, and enabling the rational development of novel vaccines. The scope of this Special Issue covers different facets of the development of nanoscale technologies for biomedical sensing devices, that push the boundaries of the state of the art, in the format of full papers, communications and reviews, in any of the following directions:

Nanofabrication technologies in application to biosensors (either demonstrated or with potential benefits for enhanced analytical performance)
Fundamental investigation of nanostructure properties that have potential to impact biosensing performance in electrochemical, optical, mechanical or other transduction schemes
Modelling and simulations enabling the rational design of biosensors
Investigation of the impact of engineered nanostructures on the outcome of biomolecular interactions, or biosensing performance
Novel approaches to multi-analyte sensing
Surface functionalization approaches that enable better bio-sensing performance
Approaches that address challenges in the integration of nanostructures within biosensing devices

Accepted papers are published in the joint Special Issue in Nanomaterials or Nanomanufacturing (https://0-www-mdpi-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/journal/nanomanufacturing/special_issues/biomedical_biosensors_device_nano).

Dr. Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Nanostructured sensors
Nano biosensors
Nanostructured biodevices
Molecular diagnostics
Medtech Devices
In vitro diagnostics
Molecular Diagnostics

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 940 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Self-Consistency Models of Anticancer Activity of Nanoparticles under Different Experimental Conditions Using Quasi-SMILES Approach

by Andrey A. Toropov, Alla P. Toropova, Danuta Leszczynska and Jerzy Leszczynski

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(12), 1852; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13121852 - 13 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1811

Abstract

Algorithms of the simulation of the anticancer activity of nanoparticles under different experimental conditions toward cell lines A549 (lung cancer), THP-1 (leukemia), MCF-7 (breast cancer), Caco2 (cervical cancer), and hepG2 (hepatoma) have been developed using the quasi-SMILES approach. This approach is suggested as an efficient tool for the quantitative structure–property–activity relationships (QSPRs/QSARs) analysis of the above nanoparticles. The studied model is built up using the so-called vector of ideality of correlation. The components of this vector include the index of ideality of correlation (IIC) and the correlation intensity index (CII). The epistemological component of this study is the development of methods of registration, storage, and effective use of experimental situations that are comfortable for the researcher-experimentalist in order to be able to control the physicochemical and biochemical consequences of using nanomaterials. The proposed approach differs from the traditional models based on QSPR/QSAR in the following respects: (i) not molecules but experimental situations available in a database are considered; in other words, an answer is offered to the question of how to change the plot of the experiment in order to achieve the desired values of the endpoint being studied; and (ii) the user has the ability to select a list of controlled conditions available in the database that can affect the endpoint and evaluate how significant the influence of the selected controlled experimental conditions is. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies for Biomedical Applications in Biosensors and Devices)

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15 pages, 1991 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Co-Treatment of Caco-2 Cells with Doxorubicin and Gold Nanoparticles Produced from Cyclopia intermedia Extracts or Mangiferin Enhances Drug Effects

by Jumoke A. Aboyewa, Nicole R. S. Sibuyi, Mediline Goboza, Lee-Ann Murtz, Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju and Mervin Meyer

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(21), 3918; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12213918 - 07 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1786

Abstract

Mangiferin (MGF) is a natural and valuable polyphenol found in significant levels in many plant species, including Cyclopia intermedia (C. intermedia). In a previous study, we synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using MGF and a water extract of C. intermedia and reported that these AuNPs have very low cytotoxicity toward a human colon cancer (Caco-2) cell line. Although the study also showed that these biogenic AuNPs in combination with doxorubic (DOX) significantly augmented the cytotoxic effects of DOX in Caco-2 cells, the mechanism of the enhanced effect was not fully understood, and it was also not known if other cell lines would be sensitive to this co-treatment. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxicity of the co-treatment in Caski, HeLa, HT-29, KMST-6 and MDA-321 cell lines. Additionally, we investigated the mechanistic effects of this co-treatment in Caco-2 cells using several assays, including the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the oxidative stress, the mitochondrial depolarization, the colony formation, the APOPercentage and the DNA fragmentation assays. We also assessed the intracellular uptake of the biogenic AuNPs. The study showed that the biogenic AuNPs were effectively taken up by the cancer cells, which, in turn, may have enhanced the sensitivity of Caco-2 cells to DOX. Moreover, the combination of the biogenic AuNPs and DOX caused a rapid depletion of ATP levels, increased mitochondrial depolarization, induced apoptosis, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited the long-term survival of Caco-2 cells. Although the study provided some insight into the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the co-treatment, further mechanistic and molecular studies are required to fully elucidate the enhanced anticancer effect of the co-treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies for Biomedical Applications in Biosensors and Devices)

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14 pages, 5567 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Detection of Oenological Polyphenols via QCM-D Measurements

by Mariacristina Gagliardi, Giorgia Tori, Matteo Agostini, Francesco Lunardelli, Fabio Mencarelli, Chiara Sanmartin and Marco Cecchini

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 166; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12010166 - 04 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2499

Abstract

Polyphenols are a family of compounds present in grapes, musts, and wines. Their dosage is associated with the grape ripening, correct must fermentation, and final wine properties. Owing to their anti-inflammatory properties, they are also relevant for health applications. To date, such compounds are detected mainly via standard chemical analysis, which is costly for constant monitoring and requires a specialized laboratory. Cheap and portable sensors would be desirable to reduce costs and speed up measurements. This paper illustrates the development of strategies for sensor surface chemical functionalization for polyphenol detection. We perform measurements by using a commercial quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring apparatus. Chemical functionalizations are based on proteins (bovine serum albumin and gelatin type A) or customized peptides derived from istatine-5 and murine salivary protein-5. Commercial oenological additives containing pure gallic tannins or proanthocyanidins, dissolved in water or commercial wine, are used for the analysis. Results indicate that selected functionalizations enable the detection of the two different tannin families, suggesting a relationship between the recorded signal and concentration. Gelatin A also demonstrates the ability to discriminate gallic tannins from proanthocyanidins. Outcomes are promising and pave the way for the exploitation of such devices for precision oenology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies for Biomedical Applications in Biosensors and Devices)

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18 pages, 6288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enzyme-Free Electrochemical Nano-Immunosensor Based on Graphene Quantum Dots and Gold Nanoparticles for Cardiac Biomarker Determination

by Bhargav D. Mansuriya and Zeynep Altintas

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(3), 578; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11030578 - 26 Feb 2021

Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4295

Abstract

An ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical nano-immunosensor based on a screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) modified with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was engineered to detect cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The GQDs and in-house synthesized AuNPs were implanted onto the SPGE and allowed for anti-cTnI immobilization prior to quantifying cTnI. The biomarker could be determined in a wide concentration range using square-wave voltammetry (SWV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and amperometry. The analyses were performed in buffer, as well as in human serum, in the investigation ranges of 1–1000 and 10–1000 pg mL⁻¹, respectively. The detection time ranged from 10.5–13 min, depending on the electrochemical method employed. The detection limit was calculated as 0.1 and 0.5 pg mL⁻¹ for buffer and serum, respectively. The sensitivity of the immunosensor was found to be 6.81 µA cm⁻² pg mL⁻¹, whereas the binding affinity was determined to be <0.89 pM. The sensor showed high specificity for cTnI with slight responses for nonspecific biomolecules. Each step of the sensor fabrication was characterized using CV, SWV, EIS and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, AuNPs, GQDs and their nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This is the first immunosensor that represents the successful determination of an analyte using four different electrochemical techniques. Such a sensor could demonstrate a promising future for on-site detection of AMI with its sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, rapidity and specificity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies for Biomedical Applications in Biosensors and Devices)

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Review

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39 pages, 8274 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advancement in Biofluid-Based Glucose Sensors Using Invasive, Minimally Invasive, and Non-Invasive Technologies: A Review

by Vundrala Sumedha Reddy, Bhawana Agarwal, Zhen Ye, Chuanqi Zhang, Kallol Roy, Amutha Chinnappan, Roger J. Narayan, Seeram Ramakrishna and Rituparna Ghosh

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1082; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12071082 - 25 Mar 2022

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5512

Abstract

Biosensors have potentially revolutionized the biomedical field. Their portability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of operation have made the market for these biosensors to grow rapidly. Diabetes mellitus is the condition of having high glucose content in the body, and it has become one of the very common conditions that is leading to deaths worldwide. Although it still has no cure or prevention, if monitored and treated with appropriate medication, the complications can be hindered and mitigated. Glucose content in the body can be detected using various biological fluids, namely blood, sweat, urine, interstitial fluids, tears, breath, and saliva. In the past decade, there has been an influx of potential biosensor technologies for continuous glucose level estimation. This literature review provides a comprehensive update on the recent advances in the field of biofluid-based sensors for glucose level detection in terms of methods, methodology and materials used. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies for Biomedical Applications in Biosensors and Devices)

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23 pages, 1958 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Challenges and Strategies in Developing an Enzymatic Wearable Sweat Glucose Biosensor as a Practical Point-Of-Care Monitoring Tool for Type II Diabetes

by Sook Mei Khor, Joonhwa Choi, Phillip Won and Seung Hwan Ko

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(2), 221; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12020221 - 10 Jan 2022

Cited by 54 | Viewed by 6085

Abstract

Recently, several studies have been conducted on wearable biosensors. Despite being skin-adhesive and mountable diagnostic devices, flexible biosensor patches cannot truly be considered wearable biosensors if they need to be connected to external instruments/processors to provide meaningful data/readings. A realistic and usable wearable biosensor should be self-contained, with a fully integrated device framework carefully designed and configured to provide reliable and intelligent diagnostics. There are several major challenges to achieving continuous sweat monitoring in real time for the systematic and effective management of type II diabetes (e.g., prevention, screening, monitoring, and treatment) through wearable sweat glucose biosensors. Consequently, further in-depth research regarding the exact interrelationship between active or passive sweat glucose and blood glucose is required to assess the applicability of wearable glucose biosensors in functional health monitoring. This review provides some useful insights that can enable effective critical studies of these unresolved issues. In this review, we first classify wearable glucose biosensors based on their signal transduction, their respective challenges, and the advanced strategies required to overcome them. Subsequently, the challenges and limitations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic wearable glucose biosensors are discussed and compared. Ten basic criteria to be considered and fulfilled in the development of a suitable, workable, and wearable sweat-based glucose biosensor are listed, based on scientific reports from the last five years. We conclude with our outlook for the controllable, well-defined, and non-invasive monitoring of epidermal glucose for maximum diagnostic potential in the effective management of type II diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies for Biomedical Applications in Biosensors and Devices)

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