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Nanomaterials
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Biosynthesis and Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials: New Methodologies and Results
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Biosynthesis and Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials: New Methodologies and Results

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 11274

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Juan Manuel López Romero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
Interests: natural products; alkaloids; terpenes; plant extracts; synthesis of organic compounds; chemical modification of drugs; organic materials: synthesis and nanostructuration of surfaces; nanoparticles for drug delivery; polymers and applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanomaterials have emerged as an important tool in biomedicine and targeted drug delivery, biosensing and chemical sensing, catalysis and optoelectronic devices. However, there are concerns regarding the sustainability of physicochemically synthesized nanomaterials, which often require toxic solvents, energy-requiring processes, and high temperatures, and produce undesirable chemical wastes.                                   

The biosynthesis of nanomaterials has recently attracted interest as a new approach to the development of green nanomanufacturing. The biosynthesis processes are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and easy to be scaled up, and can also bring biocompatibility to the nanomaterials.

The use of living organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, molds, viruses or microalgae; their components or extracts; and plant extracts or biomolecules (enzymes, peptides, polysaccharides, and poly-amino acids) as catalysts for the sustainable production of nanomaterials, mainly as reducing agents, has significantly expanded during the last few years, and a variety of fabricated nanomaterials have been developed. Nanoparticles made from copper, manganese, selenium, cobalt, silver, gold, platinum, zirconium, palladium, iron, cadmium, yttrium, titanium oxides, zinc oxides, carbon dots, tellurium nanorods or metal sulfide have been prepared.

This Special Issue provides insight into the biosynthesis and green synthesis of nanomaterials, together with their chemical, biological, therapeutic, and diagnostic applications.

Prof. Dr. Juan Manuel López Romero
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Metal/Oxide/Sulfur nanoparticles
  • Biochemistry
  • Biomimetics
  • Drug delivery
  • Nanostructured materials
  • Biocompatibility
  • Plant extracts
  • Nano-organics
  • Anticancer
  • Microbes

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2465 KiB  
Article
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Combination with Pyropia columbina (Rhodophyta) Extracts for a Cosmeceutical Application
by Mercedes González-Conde, Julia Vega, Félix López-Figueroa, Miguel García-Castro, Ana Moscoso, Francisco Sarabia and J. Manuel López-Romero
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1010; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13061010 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1392
Abstract
We report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using daisy petals (Bellis perennis), leek (Allium porrum) and garlic skin (Allium sativum) as reducing agents and water as solvent. AgNPs are obtained with high monodispersity, spherical shapes [...] Read more.
We report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using daisy petals (Bellis perennis), leek (Allium porrum) and garlic skin (Allium sativum) as reducing agents and water as solvent. AgNPs are obtained with high monodispersity, spherical shapes and size ranging from 5 to 35 nm and characterized by UV-Vis and TEM techniques. The obtained yields in AgNPs are in concordance with the total phenolic content of each plant. We also study the incorporation of AgNPs in combination with the red algae Pyropia columbina extracts (PCE) into cosmetic formulations and analyze their combined effect as photoprotective agents. Moreover, we carry out the inclusion of the PCE containing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which are strong UV-absorbing and antioxidant compounds, into β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and pNIPAM nanoparticles and analyze stability and release. The thermoresponsive polymer is grown by free radical polymerization using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) as the monomer, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) as the cross-linker, and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidene) (V50) as the initiator, while βCD complex is prepared by heating in water. We evaluate the nanoparticle and βCD complex formation by UV-Vis and FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopies, respectively, and the nanoparticles’ morphology, including particle size, by TEM. The cosmetic formulations are subsequently subjected to accelerated stability tests and photoprotective analyses: a synergistic effect in the combination of AgNPs and PCE in photoprotection was found. It is not related to a UV screen effect but to the antioxidant activity, having potential against photoaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosynthesis and Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials: New Methodologies and Results)
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13 pages, 2805 KiB  
Article
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Produced Using Geobacillus spp. Bacteria
by Kotryna Cekuolyte, Renata Gudiukaite, Vaidas Klimkevicius, Veronika Mazrimaite, Andrius Maneikis and Egle Lastauskiene
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(4), 702; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13040702 - 11 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1673
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known for their unique physical and chemical properties, which can be incorporated into a wide range of applications. The growing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial compounds promoted the use of AgNPs in antimicrobial therapy. AgNPs can be obtained [...] Read more.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known for their unique physical and chemical properties, which can be incorporated into a wide range of applications. The growing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial compounds promoted the use of AgNPs in antimicrobial therapy. AgNPs can be obtained using physical and chemical methods, but these technologies are highly unfriendly to nature and produce large amounts of side compounds (for example, sodium borohydride and N,N-dimethylformamide). Therefore, alternative technologies are required for obtaining AgNPs. This report focuses on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles through the reduction of Ag+ with the cell-free secretomes of four Geobacillus bacterial strains, namely, 18, 25, 95, and 612. Only a few studies that involved Geobacillus bacteria in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, including AgNPs, have been reported to date. The silver nanoparticles synthesized through bio-based methods were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorbance peak at 410–425 nm, indicative of AgNPs. SEM analysis confirmed that most nanoparticles were spherical. DLS analysis showed that the sizes of the obtained AgNPs were widely distributed, with the majority less than 100 nm in diameter, while the zeta potential values ranged from −25.7 to −31.3 mV and depended on the Geobacillus spp. strain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosynthesis and Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials: New Methodologies and Results)
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16 pages, 4089 KiB  
Article
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Randia aculeata L. Cell Culture Extracts, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activity
by Antonio Bernabé-Antonio, Alejandro Martínez-Ceja, Antonio Romero-Estrada, Jessica Nayelli Sánchez-Carranza, María Crystal Columba-Palomares, Verónica Rodríguez-López, Juan Carlos Meza-Contreras, José Antonio Silva-Guzmán and José Manuel Gutiérrez-Hernández
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(23), 4184; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12234184 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2283
Abstract
The demand for metallic nanoparticles synthesized using green methods has increased due to their various therapeutic and clinical applications, and plant biotechnology may be a potential resource facilitating sustainable methods of AgNPs synthesis. In this study, we evaluate the capacity of extracts from [...] Read more.
The demand for metallic nanoparticles synthesized using green methods has increased due to their various therapeutic and clinical applications, and plant biotechnology may be a potential resource facilitating sustainable methods of AgNPs synthesis. In this study, we evaluate the capacity of extracts from Randia aculeata cell suspension culture (CSC) in the synthesis of AgNPs at different pH values, and their activity against pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells was evaluated. Using aqueous CSC extracts, AgNPs were synthesized with 10% (w/v) of fresh biomass and AgNO3 (1 mM) at a ratio of 1:1 for 24 h of incubation and constant agitation. UV-vis analysis showed a high concentration of AgNPs as the pH increased, and TEM analysis showed polydisperse nanoparticles with sizes from 10 to 90 nm. Moreover, CSC extracts produce reducing agents such as phenolic compounds (162.2 ± 27.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g biomass) and flavonoids (122.07 ± 8.2 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g biomass). Notably, AgNPs had strong activity against E. coli, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium, mainly with AgNPs at pH 6 (MIC: 1.6 to 3.9 µg/mL). AgNPs at pH 6 and 10 had a high antiproliferative effect on cancer cells (IC50 < 5.7 µg/mL). Therefore, the use of cell suspension cultures may be a sustainable option for the green synthesis of AgNPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosynthesis and Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials: New Methodologies and Results)
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15 pages, 2955 KiB  
Article
Facile Cellulase Immobilisation on Bioinspired Silica
by Vincenzo Lombardi, Matteo Trande, Michele Back, Siddharth V. Patwardhan and Alvise Benedetti
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(4), 626; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12040626 - 13 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2134
Abstract
Cellulases are enzymes with great potential for converting biomass to biofuels for sustainable energy. However, their commercial use is limited by their costs and low reusability. Therefore, the scientific and industrial sectors are focusing on finding better strategies to reuse enzymes and improve [...] Read more.
Cellulases are enzymes with great potential for converting biomass to biofuels for sustainable energy. However, their commercial use is limited by their costs and low reusability. Therefore, the scientific and industrial sectors are focusing on finding better strategies to reuse enzymes and improve their performance. In this work, cellulase from Aspergillus niger was immobilised through in situ entrapment and adsorption on bio-inspired silica (BIS) supports. To the best of our knowledge, this green effect strategy has never been applied for cellulase into BIS. In situ entrapment was performed during support synthesis, applying a one-pot approach at mild conditions (room temperature, pH 7, and water solvent), while adsorption was performed after support formation. The loading efficiency was investigated on different immobilisation systems by Bradford assay and FTIR. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen as a control to optimize cellulase loading. The residual activity of cellulase was analysed by the dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) method. Activity of 90% was observed for the entrapped enzyme, while activity of ~55% was observed for the adsorbed enzyme. Moreover, the supported enzyme systems were recycled five times to evaluate their reuse potential. The thermal and pH stability tests suggested that both entrapment and adsorption strategies can increase enzyme activity. The results highlight that the entrapment in BIS is a potentially useful strategy to easily immobilise enzymes, while preserving their stability and recycle potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosynthesis and Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials: New Methodologies and Results)
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20 pages, 3387 KiB  
Review
Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Their Diverse Applications
by Gattu Sampath, Yih-Yuan Chen, Neelamegam Rameshkumar, Muthukalingan Krishnan, Kayalvizhi Nagarajan and Douglas J. H. Shyu
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(18), 3126; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12183126 - 09 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2202
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become the most effective and rapidly developing field in the area of material science, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of leading interest because of their smaller size, larger surface area, and multiple applications. The use of plant sources as reducing agents [...] Read more.
Nanotechnology has become the most effective and rapidly developing field in the area of material science, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of leading interest because of their smaller size, larger surface area, and multiple applications. The use of plant sources as reducing agents in the fabrication of silver nanoparticles is most attractive due to the cheaper and less time-consuming process for synthesis. Furthermore, the tremendous attention of AgNPs in scientific fields is due to their multiple biomedical applications such as antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, and they could be used for clean environment applications. In this review, we briefly describe the types of nanoparticle syntheses and various applications of AgNPs, including antibacterial, anticancer, and larvicidal applications and photocatalytic dye degradation. It will be helpful to the extent of a better understanding of the studies of biological synthesis of AgNPs and their multiple uses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosynthesis and Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials: New Methodologies and Results)
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