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Nanomaterials
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Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Sensor
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Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Sensor

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (7 January 2022) | Viewed by 19809

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Petr Slobodian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University, Zlin, Czech Republic
Interests: carbon nanotubes (CNT); CNT chemistry; CNT networks; CNT polymer composites; hybrid polymer/CNT composites with Ag nanoparticles, graphene, carbon nanowalls (CNW); technology of gas and strain sensors; thermoelectric polymer composites, polymer composites and Joule heating

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon-based nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite flakes, graphite, carbon nanowalls, carbon fibers, carbon black etc., possess multiple exceptional properties, which make them valuable in various applications, for example, as carbon based electro-mechanical, electro-chemical and strain, temperature, humidity, vapors or gases sensors, biosensors, stretchable electronic skin, or at the same time usually they can pose multifunctional properties etc.

Carbon-based nanomaterials can be also used as dispersed particles in matrix or in the form of self-supported three-dimensional an inter-connected tangled network for example as CNT paper (buckypaper) embedded in matrix.

Currently an electrically conductive and elastic polymer composite materials or conductive polymer composites (CPCs) are in focus of material scientists all over the world. Their potential applications are in the area of wearable sensors for healthcare related use, soft robotics, smart textiles, structural health monitoring, or bio-interactive electronic devices.

The titled Special Issue aims to cover current experimental and/or theoretical studies, in the field of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Sensor. Materials fabrication routes, their characterizations, functionalities as sensors for different kind of stimuli or explanation of detection principles, are very welcome.


Prof. Dr. Petr Slobodian
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene (GF)
  • Matrix/CNT or GF nanocomposites
  • Carbon based sensors for vapours
  • Sensors for stress or strain detection
  • Wearable electronics
  • Shape memory
  • Piezoresistive and piezoelectric materials

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4677 KiB  
Article
Trivalent Cations Detection of Magnetic-Sensitive Microcapsules by Controlled-Release Fluorescence Off-On Sensor
by Bo-Wei Du, Ching-Chang Lin and Fu-Hsiang Ko
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(7), 1801; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11071801 - 10 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2567
Abstract
A pyrene-based derivative, 2-((pyrene-1-ylmethylene)amino)ethanol (PE) nanoparticle, was encapsulated via water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion with the solvent evaporation method by one-pot reaction and utilized as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for detecting Fe3+, Cr3+, and Al3+ ions. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) [...] Read more.
A pyrene-based derivative, 2-((pyrene-1-ylmethylene)amino)ethanol (PE) nanoparticle, was encapsulated via water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion with the solvent evaporation method by one-pot reaction and utilized as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for detecting Fe3+, Cr3+, and Al3+ ions. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) embedded in polycaprolactone (PCL) were used as the magnetic-sensitive polyelectrolyte microcapsule-triggered elements in the construction of the polymer matrix. The microcapsules were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) titrations, quantum yield (Φf) calculations, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry (SQUID) studies. This novel responsive release of the microcapsule fluorescence of the turn-on sensor for detecting trivalent cations was due to the compound PE and the MNPs being incorporated well within the whole system, and an effective thermal and kinetic energy transfer between the core and shell structure efficiently occurred in the externally oscillating magnetic field. The magnetic-sensitive fluorescence turn-on microcapsules show potential for effective metal ion sensing in environmental monitoring and even biomedical applications. Under the optimal controlled-release probe fluorescence conditions with high-frequency magnetic field treatment, the limit of detection (LOD) reached 1.574–2.860 μM and recoveries ranged from 94.7–99.4% for those metals in tap water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Sensor)
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16 pages, 5760 KiB  
Article
PDMS Sponges with Embedded Carbon Nanotubes as Piezoresistive Sensors for Human Motion Detection
by Blake Herren, Vincent Webster, Eric Davidson, Mrinal C. Saha, M. Cengiz Altan and Yingtao Liu
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(7), 1740; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11071740 - 01 Jul 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6793
Abstract
Porous piezoresistive sensors offer promising flexible sensing functionality, such as human joint motion detection and gesture identification. Herein, a facile fabrication method is developed using a microwave-based rapid porogen removal technique for the manufacturing of porous nanocomposite sponges consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and [...] Read more.
Porous piezoresistive sensors offer promising flexible sensing functionality, such as human joint motion detection and gesture identification. Herein, a facile fabrication method is developed using a microwave-based rapid porogen removal technique for the manufacturing of porous nanocomposite sponges consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and well-dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The porogen amounts and CNT loadings are varied to tailor the porosity and electrical properties of the porous sensors. The sponges are characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to compare their microstructures, validate the high-quality CNT dispersion, and confirm the successful nanofiller embedding within the elastomeric matrix. Sponges with a 3 wt% CNT loading demonstrate the highest piezoresistive sensitivity. Experimental characterization shows that the sponges with low porosity have long durability and minimal strain rate dependence. Additionally, the developed sponges with 3 wt% CNTs are employed for the human motion detection using piezoresistive method. One experiment includes fingertip compression measurements on a prosthetic hand. Moreover, the sensors are attached to the chest, elbow, and knee of a user to detect breathing, running, walking, joint bending, and throwing motions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Sensor)
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12 pages, 3275 KiB  
Article
Strengthening Mechanism of Electrothermal Actuation in the Epoxy Composite with an Embedded Carbon Nanotube Nanopaper
by Petr Slobodian, Pavel Riha, Robert Olejnik and Jiri Matyas
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(6), 1529; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11061529 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1847
Abstract
We assessed an effect of an embedded electro-conductive multiwalled carbon nanotube nanopaper in an epoxy matrix on the release of the frozen actuation force and the actuation torque in the carbon nanotube nanopaper/epoxy composite after heating above its glass transition temperature. The presence [...] Read more.
We assessed an effect of an embedded electro-conductive multiwalled carbon nanotube nanopaper in an epoxy matrix on the release of the frozen actuation force and the actuation torque in the carbon nanotube nanopaper/epoxy composite after heating above its glass transition temperature. The presence of the nanopaper augmented the recovery of the actuation stress by the factor of two in comparison with the pure epoxy strips. We proposed a procedure that allowed us to assess this composite strengthening mechanism. The strengthening of the composite was attributed to the interlocking of the carbon nanotubes with the epoxy. When reheated, the composite samples, which contained stretched mutually intertwined nanotubes and epoxy segments, released a greater actuation stress then the epoxy samples, which comprised of less elastic networks of crosslinked segments of pure epoxy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Sensor)
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11 pages, 2658 KiB  
Article
Effects of Carbon Nanowalls (CNWs) Substrates on Soft Ionization of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Compounds in Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SALDI-MS)
by Ryusei Sakai, Tomonori Ichikawa, Hiroki Kondo, Kenji Ishikawa, Naohiro Shimizu, Takayuki Ohta, Mineo Hiramatsu and Masaru Hori
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(2), 262; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11020262 - 20 Jan 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2478
Abstract
Carbon nanowalls (CNWs), which are vertically oriented multi-layer graphene sheets, were employed in surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) measurements to detect low-molecular-weight organic compounds. CNWs substrates with widely different wall-to-wall distances from 142 to 467 nm were synthesized using a radical-injection plasma-enhanced [...] Read more.
Carbon nanowalls (CNWs), which are vertically oriented multi-layer graphene sheets, were employed in surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) measurements to detect low-molecular-weight organic compounds. CNWs substrates with widely different wall-to-wall distances from 142 to 467 nm were synthesized using a radical-injection plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RI-PECVD) system with nanosecond pulse biasing to a sample stage. When survival yield (SY) values of N-benzylpyridinium chloride (N-BP-Cl) were examined, which is commonly used to evaluate desorption/ionization efficiency, a narrower wall-to-wall distance presented a higher SY value. The highest SY value of 0.97 was realized at 4 mJ/cm2 for the highest-density CNWs with a wall-to-wall distance of 142 nm. The laser desorption/ionization effect of arginine, an amino acid, was also investigated. When CNWs with a narrower wall-to-wall distance were used, the signal-to-noise (SN) ratios of the arginine signals were increased, while the intensity ratios of fragment ions to arginine signals were suppressed. Therefore, the CNWs nanostructures are a powerful tool when used as a SALDI substrate for the highly efficient desorption/ionization of low-molecular-weight biomolecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Sensor)
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15 pages, 4780 KiB  
Article
Oriented Carbon Nanostructures from Plasma Reformed Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Polymer Gels for Gas Sensor Applications
by Neelakandan M. Santhosh, Aswathy Vasudevan, Andrea Jurov, Gregor Filipič, Janez Zavašnik and Uroš Cvelbar
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(9), 1704; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano10091704 - 29 Aug 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2136
Abstract
Oriented carbon nanostructures (OCNs) with dominant graphitic characteristics have attracted research interest for various applications due to the excellent electrical and optical properties owing to their vertical orientation, interconnected structures, electronic properties, and large surface area. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is [...] Read more.
Oriented carbon nanostructures (OCNs) with dominant graphitic characteristics have attracted research interest for various applications due to the excellent electrical and optical properties owing to their vertical orientation, interconnected structures, electronic properties, and large surface area. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is considered as a promising method for the large-scale synthesis of OCNs. Alternatively, structural reformation of natural carbon precursor or phenol-based polymers using plasma-assisted surface treatment is also considered for the fabrication of OCNs. In this work, we have demonstrated a fast technique for the synthesis of OCNs by plasma-assisted structure reformation of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) polymer gels using radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma (rf-ICP). A thin layer of RF polymer gel cast on a glass substrate was used as the carbon source and treated with rf plasma under different plasma discharge conditions. Argon and hydrogen gases were used in surface treatment, and the growth of carbon nanostructures at different discharge parameters was systematically examined. This study explored the influence of the gas flow rate, the plasma power, and the treatment time on the structural reformation of polymer gel to produce OCNs. Moreover, the gas-sensing properties of as-prepared OCNs towards ethanol at atmospheric conditions were also investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Sensor)
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16 pages, 4584 KiB  
Article
Facile Fabrication of CeO2/Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Vanillin Detection in Commercial Food Products
by Xue Nie, Rui Zhang, Zheng Tang, Haiyan Wang, Peihong Deng and Yougen Tang
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(7), 1356; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano10071356 - 11 Jul 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2629
Abstract
In this paper, CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvothermal method and dispersed uniformly in graphene oxide (GO) aqueous solution by ultrasonication. The homogeneous CeO2-GO dispersion was coated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the CeO [...] Read more.
In this paper, CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvothermal method and dispersed uniformly in graphene oxide (GO) aqueous solution by ultrasonication. The homogeneous CeO2-GO dispersion was coated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the CeO2/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified electrode (CeO2/ERGO/GCE) was obtained by potentiostatic reduction. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that CeO2 nanocrystals were uniformly coated by gossamer like ERGO nanosheets. The electrochemical behavior of vanillin on the CeO2/ERGO/GCE was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was found that the CeO2/ERGO/GCE has high electrocatalytic activity and good electrochemical performance for vanillin oxidation. Using the second derivative linear sweep voltammetry (SDLSV), the CeO2/ERGO/GCE provides a wide range of 0.04–20 µM and 20 µM–100 µM for vanillin detection, and the detection limit is estimated to be 0.01 µM after 120 s accumulation. This method has been successfully applied to the vanillin detection in some commercial foods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Sensor)
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