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Nanomaterials
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Advances in Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for (Bio)Sensor Development
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Advances in Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for (Bio)Sensor Development

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2023) | Viewed by 10284

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Simone Morais

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
Interests: (bio)sensors; application of functional nanostructured materials; green technologies; new methodologies for (electro)analysis; environmental chemistry; monitoring/biomonitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon-based nanomaterials have been key building blocks of sensors and biosensors regardless of the type of the designed devices: electrochemical, chemical, optical, mechanical, biological, thermal. As a consequence of constant improvements in synthesis, characterization techniques, and in controlling physicochemical properties, novel advanced functional and tailored carbon-based nanomaterials are being created, tested, and used in the sensors and biosensors field. Therefore, they are becoming the driving force for cutting-edge signal transduction schemes and (bio)analytical platforms. Potential and real applications are countless and include extremely sensitive real-time in loco and in vivo assays.

Therefore, the goal of this Special Issue is to gather and disseminate contributions of original research results, review articles, communications, and short notes that address novel (experimental or theoretical) advances, challenges, trends, and future perspectives in the development and application of carbon-based nanomaterials within the field of sensors and biosensors.

Prof. Dr. Simone Morais
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biosensors
  • Nanoprobes, electronic noses, and sensors
  • Nanohybrids and nanocomposites
  • Graphene
  • Carbon nanotubes
  • Carbon quantum dots
  • Fullerene
  • Nanodiamonds
  • Catalysis
  • Coatings and thin films
  • Synthesis
  • Characterization
  • Functionalization
  • Applications

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

11 pages, 2457 KiB  
Article
Copper Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide as an Electrode Modifier for the Development of an Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Chloroquine Phosphate Determination
by Francisco Contini Barreto, Martin Kássio Leme da Silva and Ivana Cesarino
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(9), 1436; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13091436 - 22 Apr 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1472
Abstract
This study describes the use of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an electrode modifier for the determination of chloroquine phosphate (CQP). The synthetized rGO-CuNPs composite was morphologically characterized using scanning electron microscopy and electrochemically characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The [...] Read more.
This study describes the use of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an electrode modifier for the determination of chloroquine phosphate (CQP). The synthetized rGO-CuNPs composite was morphologically characterized using scanning electron microscopy and electrochemically characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The parameters were optimized and the developed electrochemical sensor was applied in the determination of CQP using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The analytical range for the determination of CQP was 0.5 to 110 μmol L−1 (one of the highest linear ranges for CQP considering electrochemical sensors), with limits of detection and quantification of 0.23 and 0.78 μmol L−1, respectively. Finally, the glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with rGO-CuNPs was used for quantification of CQP in tap water; a study was carried out with interferents using SWV and obtained great results. The use of rGO-CuNP material as an electrode modifier was thus shown to be a good alternative for the development of low-cost devices for CQP analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for (Bio)Sensor Development)
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14 pages, 2172 KiB  
Article
Facile Gold-Nanoparticle Boosted Graphene Sensor Fabrication Enhanced Biochemical Signal Detection
by Shuaishuai Meng, Li Wang, Xixi Ji, Jie Yu, Xing Ma, Jiaheng Zhang, Weiwei Zhao, Hongjun Ji, Mingyu Li and Huanhuan Feng
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(8), 1327; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12081327 - 12 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1832
Abstract
Graphene has been considered as an excellent biochemical sensors’ substrate material because of its excellent physical and chemical properties. Most of these sensors have employed enzymes, antibodies, antigens, and other biomolecules with corresponding recognition ability as recognition elements, to convert chemical signals into [...] Read more.
Graphene has been considered as an excellent biochemical sensors’ substrate material because of its excellent physical and chemical properties. Most of these sensors have employed enzymes, antibodies, antigens, and other biomolecules with corresponding recognition ability as recognition elements, to convert chemical signals into electrical signals. However, oxidoreductase enzymes that grow on graphene surfaces are affected significantly by the environment and are easily inactivated, which hinders the further improvement of detection sensitivity and robusticity. A gold-boosted graphene sensor was fabricated by the in situ electrochemical deposition of inorganic gold nanoparticles on vertical graphene nanosheets. This approach solves the instability of biological enzymes and improves the detection performance of graphene-based sensors. The uric acid sensitivity of the gold-boosted electrode was 6230 µA mM−1 cm−2, which is 6 times higher than the original graphene electrode. A 7 h GNSs/CC electrode showed an impressive detection performance for ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid, simultaneously. Moreover, it exhibited a reliable detection performance in human serum in terms of uric acid. The possible reason could be that the vertical aliened graphene nanosheet acts as a reaction active spot. This 3D graphene-nanosheet-based doping approach can be applied to a wide variety of inorganic catalytic materials to enhance their performance and improve their durability in aspects such as single-atom catalysis and integration of multiple catalytic properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for (Bio)Sensor Development)
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12 pages, 3074 KiB  
Article
Visible-Light-Assisted Photoelectrochemical Biosensing of Uric Acid Using Metal-Free Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons
by Chia-Liang Sun, Cheng-Hsuan Lin, Chia-Heng Kuo, Chia-Wei Huang, Duc Dung Nguyen, Tsu-Chin Chou, Cheng-Ying Chen and Yu-Jen Lu
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2693; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11102693 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1886
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the visible-light-assisted photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing of uric acid (UA) by using graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) as PEC electrode materials. Specifically, GONRs with controlled properties were synthesized by the microwave-assisted exfoliation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. For the detection of [...] Read more.
In this study, we demonstrate the visible-light-assisted photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing of uric acid (UA) by using graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) as PEC electrode materials. Specifically, GONRs with controlled properties were synthesized by the microwave-assisted exfoliation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. For the detection of UA, GONRs were adopted to modify either a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) or a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Cyclic voltammetry analyses indicated that all Faradaic currents of UA oxidation on GONRs with different unzipping/exfoliating levels on SPCE increased by more than 20.0% under AM 1.5 irradiation. Among these, the GONRs synthesized under a microwave power of 200 W, namely GONR(200 W), exhibited the highest increase in Faradaic current. Notably, the GONR(200 W)/GCE electrodes revealed a remarkable elevation (~40.0%) of the Faradaic current when irradiated by light-emitting diode (LED) light sources under an intensity of illumination of 80 mW/cm2. Therefore, it is believed that our GONRs hold great potential for developing a novel platform for PEC biosensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for (Bio)Sensor Development)
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Review

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28 pages, 2786 KiB  
Review
(Bio)Sensing Strategies Based on Ionic Liquid-Functionalized Carbon Nanocomposites for Pharmaceuticals: Towards Greener Electrochemical Tools
by Álvaro Torrinha, Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira, Francisco W. P. Ribeiro, Pedro de Lima-Neto, Adriana N. Correia and Simone Morais
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2368; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12142368 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1855
Abstract
The interaction of carbon-based nanomaterials and ionic liquids (ILs) has been thoroughly exploited for diverse electroanalytical solutions since the first report in 2003. This combination, either through covalent or non-covalent functionalization, takes advantage of the unique characteristics inherent to each material, resulting in [...] Read more.
The interaction of carbon-based nanomaterials and ionic liquids (ILs) has been thoroughly exploited for diverse electroanalytical solutions since the first report in 2003. This combination, either through covalent or non-covalent functionalization, takes advantage of the unique characteristics inherent to each material, resulting in synergistic effects that are conferred to the electrochemical (bio)sensing system. From one side, carbon nanomaterials offer miniaturization capacity with enhanced electron transfer rates at a reduced cost, whereas from the other side, ILs contribute as ecological dispersing media for the nanostructures, improving conductivity and biocompatibility. The present review focuses on the use of this interesting type of nanocomposites for the development of (bio)sensors specifically for pharmaceutical detection, with emphasis on the analytical (bio)sensing features. The literature search displayed the conjugation of more than 20 different ILs and several carbon nanomaterials (MWCNT, SWCNT, graphene, carbon nanofibers, fullerene, and carbon quantum dots, among others) that were applied for a large set (about 60) of pharmaceutical compounds. This great variability causes a straightforward comparison between sensors to be a challenging task. Undoubtedly, electrochemical sensors based on the conjugation of carbon nanomaterials with ILs can potentially be established as sustainable analytical tools and viable alternatives to more traditional methods, especially concerning in situ environmental analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for (Bio)Sensor Development)
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27 pages, 3673 KiB  
Review
Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review
by Tomasz Koczorowski, Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska and Tomasz Rębiś
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2861; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11112861 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2215
Abstract
Phthalocyanines and porphyrazines as macrocyclic aza-analogues of well-known porphyrins were deposited on diverse carbon-based nanomaterials and investigated as sensing devices. The extended π-conjugated electron system of these macrocycles influences their ability to create stable hybrid systems with graphene or carbon nanotubes commonly based [...] Read more.
Phthalocyanines and porphyrazines as macrocyclic aza-analogues of well-known porphyrins were deposited on diverse carbon-based nanomaterials and investigated as sensing devices. The extended π-conjugated electron system of these macrocycles influences their ability to create stable hybrid systems with graphene or carbon nanotubes commonly based on π–π stacking interactions. During a 15-year period, the electrodes modified by deposition of these systems have been applied for the determination of diverse analytes, such as food pollutants, heavy metals, catecholamines, thiols, glucose, peroxides, some active pharmaceutical ingredients, and poisonous gases. These procedures have also taken place, on occasion, in the presence of various polymers, ionic liquids, and other moieties. In the review, studies are presented that were performed for sensing purposes, involving azaporphyrins embedded on graphene, graphene oxide or carbon nanotubes (both single and multi-walled ones). Moreover, possible methods of electrode fabrication, limits of detection of each analyte, as well as examples of macrocyclic compounds applied as sensing materials, are critically discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for (Bio)Sensor Development)
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