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Novel Nanomaterials—Synthesis and Application in Biological Systems

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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 5438

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alberto Falco

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Guest Editor

Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
Interests: antiviral activity; polymeric nanomaterials; controlled release; biopolymer formulations; antimicrobial compounds; immunomodulators
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Camino de Juan Romero

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Co-Guest Editor

1. Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain
2. Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
Interests: biological systems; neuroscience; cancer; new therapies; drug delivery systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanomaterial research has risen to prominence essentially because of the way in which novel nanomaterials are being applied in human life and the environment. As nanomaterials are characterized by an extraordinarily high surface area to volume ratio and display unique properties that can be modulated, such as optical emissions, electrical behavior, and magnetic behaviour, nanoscience is currently developing tools that may have a great impact on, among other things, biology, biotechnology, and medicine.

Since biological systems embody the principles of nanotechnology, the application of nanotechnology in biomedical fields is attracting interest from the scientific community. Nanomaterials and biological materials share a similar size scale, which favors their interaction and allows for the distinctive physical characteristics of nanomaterials to be exploited in a wide spectrum of biological and medical applications ranging from drug delivery to biosensors.

This Special Issue aims to look into the nature, types, and synthesis of, and future prospects for, novel nanomaterials with application in biological systems.

Dr. Alberto Falco
Dr. Camino de Juan Romero
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

nanomaterial
nanostructure
biocompatible
biological system

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3710 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Viricidal Activity of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Materials with Silver Nanoparticles

by Rocío Díaz-Puertas, Enrique Rodríguez-Cañas, Melissa Bello-Perez, Marta Fernández-Oliver, Ricardo Mallavia and Alberto Falco

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(9), 1467; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano13091467 - 25 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1480

Abstract

The use of diverse Ag-based nanoparticulated forms has shown promising results in controlling viral propagation. In this study, a commercial nanomaterial consisting of ceramic-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was incorporated into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) plates using an industrial protocol, and the surface composition, ion-release dynamics and viricidal properties were studied. The surface characterization by FESEM-EDX revealed that the molar composition of the ceramic material was 5.5 P:3.3 Mg:Al and facilitated the identification of the embedded AgNPs (54.4 ± 24.9 nm). As determined by ICPMS, the release rates from the AgNP–TPU into aqueous solvents were 4 ppm/h for Ag and Al, and 28.4 ppm/h for Mg ions. Regarding the biological assays, the AgNP–TPU material did not induce significant cytotoxicity in the cell lines employed. Its viricidal activity was characterized, based on ISO 21702:2019, using the Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), and then tested against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The results demonstrated that AgNP–TPU materials exhibited significant (75%) and direct antiviral activity against SVCV virions in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. Similar inhibition levels were found against SARS-CoV-2. These findings show the potential of AgNP–TPU-based materials as a supporting strategy to control viral spread. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Nanomaterials—Synthesis and Application in Biological Systems)

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17 pages, 1701 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Lipidic Nanoplatform for Intra-Oral Delivery of Chlorhexidine: Characterization, Biocompatibility, and Assessment of Depth of Penetration in Extracted Human Teeth

by Krishnaraj Somyaji Shirur, Bharath Singh Padya, Abhijeet Pandey, Manasa Manjunath Hegde, Aparna I. Narayan, Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao, Varadaraj G. Bhat and Srinivas Mutalik

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(19), 3372; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12193372 - 27 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1475

Abstract

Microorganisms are the major cause for the failure of root canal treatment, due to the penetration ability within the root anatomy. However, irrigation regimens have at times failed due to the biofilm mode of bacterial growth. Liposomes are vesicular structures of the phospholipids which might help in better penetration efficiency into dentinal tubules and in increasing the antibacterial efficacy. Methods: In the present work, chlorhexidine liposomes were formulated. Liposomal chlorhexidine was characterized by size, zeta potential, and cryo-electron microscope (Cryo-EM). Twenty-one single-rooted premolars were extracted and irrigated with liposomal chlorhexidine and 2% chlorhexidine solution to evaluate the depth of penetration. In vitro cytotoxicity study was performed for liposomal chlorhexidine on the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. Results: The average particle size of liposomes ranged from 48 ± 4.52 nm to 223 ± 3.63 nm with a polydispersity index value of <0.4. Cryo-EM microscopic images showed spherical vesicular structures. Depth of penetration of liposomal chlorhexidine was higher in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of roots compared with plain chlorhexidine in human extracted teeth when observed under the confocal laser scanning microscope. The pure drug exhibited a cytotoxic concentration at which 50% of the cells are dead after a drug exposure (IC₅₀) value of 12.32 ± 3.65 µg/mL and 29.04 ± 2.14 µg/mL (on L929 and 3T3 cells, respectively) and liposomal chlorhexidine exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 37.9 ± 1.05 µg/mL and 85.24 ± 3.22 µg/mL (on L929 and 3T3 cells, respectively). Discussion: Antimicrobial analysis showed a decrease in colony counts of bacteria when treated with liposomal chlorhexidine compared with 2% chlorhexidine solution. Nano-liposomal novel chlorhexidine was less cytotoxic when treated on mouse fibroblast L929 cells and more effective as an antimicrobial agent along with higher penetration ability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Nanomaterials—Synthesis and Application in Biological Systems)

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Review

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26 pages, 2316 KiB

Open AccessReview

Titanium Implants and Local Drug Delivery Systems Become Mutual Promoters in Orthopedic Clinics

by Xiao Ma, Yun Gao, Duoyi Zhao, Weilin Zhang, Wei Zhao, Meng Wu, Yan Cui, Qin Li, Zhiyu Zhang and Chengbin Ma

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 47; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12010047 - 24 Dec 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3180

Abstract

Titanium implants have always been regarded as one of the gold standard treatments for orthopedic applications, but they still face challenges such as pain, bacterial infections, insufficient osseointegration, immune rejection, and difficulty in personalizing treatment in the clinic. These challenges may lead to the patients having to undergo a painful second operation, along with increased economic burden, but the use of drugs is actively solving these problems. The use of systemic drug delivery systems through oral, intravenous, and intramuscular injection of various drugs with different pharmacological properties has effectively reduced the levels of inflammation, lowered the risk of endophytic bacterial infection, and regulated the progress of bone tumor cells, processing and regulating the balance of bone metabolism around the titanium implants. However, due to the limitations of systemic drug delivery systems—such as pharmacokinetics, and the characteristics of bone tissue in the event of different forms of trauma or disease—sometimes the expected effect cannot be achieved. Meanwhile, titanium implants loaded with drugs for local administration have gradually attracted the attention of many researchers. This article reviews the latest developments in local drug delivery systems in recent years, detailing how various types of drugs cooperate with titanium implants to enhance antibacterial, antitumor, and osseointegration effects. Additionally, we summarize the improved technology of titanium implants for drug loading and the control of drug release, along with molecular mechanisms of bone regeneration and vascularization. Finally, we lay out some future prospects in this field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Nanomaterials—Synthesis and Application in Biological Systems)

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