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Calcium, Vitamin D and Aging

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 25348

Special Issue Editor

1. Geriatric and Bone Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
2. Service of Geriatric Medicine & Geriatric Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
Interests: osteoporosis; sarcopenia; dementia; aging; cellular senescence; inflammaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are living in an “aging world”, where chronic diseases affecting advanced age are one of the most challenging topics for present and future medicine. Health maintenance during aging is of paramount importance for medicine; hence, ameliorating the burden due to chronic diseases in the elderly is a major goal of future medicine.

Nutrition greatly contributes to heathy aging; amongst different nutrients, calcium and vitamin D are implicated in several chronic diseases affecting older ages, such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia, dementia, and cardiovascular disease.

This issue is dedicated to the evaluation of the link between calcium and vitamin D and healthy aging.

Prof. Patrizia D'Amelio
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Aging
  • Vitamin D
  • Calcium
  • Bone
  • Muscle
  • Brain
  • Osteoporosis
  • Sarcopenia
  • Dementia
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Cognitive health

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 13235 KiB  
Article
Association of Gut Microbiome and Vitamin D Deficiency in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Pilot Study
by Boopalan Ramasamy, Fabien Magne, Sujit Kumar Tripathy, Giriprasad Venugopal, Diptasree Mukherjee and Ramadass Balamurugan
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1272; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13041272 - 13 Apr 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4402
Abstract
Background: Few preclinical studies have shown that Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammation. This pilot study was designed to look at the gut microbiome composition in KOA patients and normal individuals with or without vitamin D deficiency [...] Read more.
Background: Few preclinical studies have shown that Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammation. This pilot study was designed to look at the gut microbiome composition in KOA patients and normal individuals with or without vitamin D deficiency (VDD, serum vitamin D <30 ng/mL). Methods: This pilot study was conducted prospectively in 24 participants. The faecal samples of all the participants were taken for DNA extraction. The V3-V4 region of 16s rRNA was amplified, and the library was prepared and sequenced on the Illumina Miseq platform. Results: The mean (±SD) age was 45.5 (±10.2) years with no defined comorbidities. Of 447 total Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), a differential abundance of 16 nominally significant OTUs between the groups was observed. Linear discriminate analysis (LEfSe) revealed a significant difference in bacteria among the study groups. Pseudobutyrivibrio and Odoribacter were specific for VDD, while Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas and Gordonibacter were abundant in the KOA_VDD group, and Peptococcus, Intestimonas, Delftia and Oribacterium were abundant in the KOA group. About 80% of bacterial species were common among different groups and hence labelled as core bacterial species. However, the core microbiome of KOA and VDD groups were not seen in the KOA_VDD group, suggesting that these bacterial groups were affected by the interaction of the KOA and VDD factors. Conclusion: Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Odoribacter and Gordonibacter are the predominant bacteria in vitamin D deficient patients with or without KOA. Together these results indicate an association between the gut microbiome, vitamin D and knee osteoarthritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Calcium, Vitamin D and Aging)
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Review

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12 pages, 286 KiB  
Review
Vitamin D Deficiency in Older Patients—Problems of Sarcopenia, Drug Interactions, Management in Deficiency
by Małgorzata Kupisz-Urbańska, Paweł Płudowski and Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1247; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13041247 - 10 Apr 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 6061
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency frequently occurs in older people, especially in individuals with comorbidity and polypharmacotherapy. In this group, low vitamin D plasma concentration is related to osteoporosis, osteomalacia, sarcopenia and myalgia. Vitamin D levels in humans is an effect of the joint interaction [...] Read more.
Vitamin D deficiency frequently occurs in older people, especially in individuals with comorbidity and polypharmacotherapy. In this group, low vitamin D plasma concentration is related to osteoporosis, osteomalacia, sarcopenia and myalgia. Vitamin D levels in humans is an effect of the joint interaction of all vitamin D metabolic pathways. Therefore, all factors interfering with individual metabolic stages may affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma concentration. The known factors affecting vitamin D metabolism interfere with cytochrome CYP3A4 activity. There is another group of factors that impairs intestinal vitamin D absorption. The phenomenon of drugs and vitamin D interactions is observed first and foremost in patients with comorbidity. This is a typical situation, where the absence of “hard evidence” is not synonymous with the possible lack of adverse effects. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia (generalized and progressive decrease of skeletal muscle mass and strength) are some of the musculoskeletal consequences of hypovitaminosis D. These consequences are related to an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including bone fractures, physical disabilities, and a lower quality of life. This can lead not only to an increased risk of falls and fractures but is also one of the main causes of frailty syndrome in the aging population. Generally, Vitamin D plasma concentration is significantly lower in subjects with osteoporosis and muscle deterioration. In some observational and uncontrolled treatment studies, vitamin D supplementation resulted in a reduction of proximal myopathy and muscle pain. The most conclusive results were found in subjects with severe vitamin D deficiency and in patients avoiding large doses of vitamin D. However, the role of vitamin D in muscle pathologies is not clear and research has provided conflicting results. This is plausibly due to the heterogeneity of the subjects, vitamin D doses and environmental factors. This report presents data on some problems with vitamin D deficiency in the elderly population and the management of vitamin D deficiency D in successful or unsuccessful aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Calcium, Vitamin D and Aging)
23 pages, 837 KiB  
Review
Vitamin D Supplementation and Impact on Skeletal Muscle Function in Cell and Animal Models and an Aging Population: What Do We Know So Far?
by Karina Romeu Montenegro, Milene Amarante Pufal and Philip Newsholme
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1110; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13041110 - 28 Mar 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3663
Abstract
Aging is associated with impairment in skeletal muscle mass and contractile function, predisposing to fat mass gain, insulin resistance and diabetes. The impact of Vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults is still controversial. The aim of [...] Read more.
Aging is associated with impairment in skeletal muscle mass and contractile function, predisposing to fat mass gain, insulin resistance and diabetes. The impact of Vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults is still controversial. The aim of this review was to summarize data from randomized clinical trials, animal dietary intervention and cell studies in order to clarify current knowledge on the effects of VitD on skeletal muscle as reported for these three types of experiments. A structured research of the literature in Medline via PubMed was conducted and a total of 43 articles were analysed (cells n = 18, animals n = 13 and humans n = 13). The results as described by these key studies demonstrate, overall, at cell and animal levels, that VitD treatments had positive effects on the development of muscle fibres in cells in culture, skeletal muscle force and hypertrophy. Vitamin D supplementation appears to regulate not only lipid and mitochondrial muscle metabolism but also to have a direct effect on glucose metabolism and insulin driven signalling. However, considering the human perspective, results revealed a predominance of null effects of the vitamin on muscle in the ageing population, but experimental design may have influenced the study outcome in humans. Well-designed long duration double-blinded trials, standardised VitD dosing regimen, larger sample sized studies and standardised measurements may be helpful tools to accurately determine results and compare to those observed in cells and animal dietary intervention models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Calcium, Vitamin D and Aging)
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12 pages, 605 KiB  
Review
Vitamin D and Sarcopenia: Potential of Vitamin D Supplementation in Sarcopenia Prevention and Treatment
by Ran Uchitomi, Mamoru Oyabu and Yasutomi Kamei
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3189; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12103189 - 19 Oct 2020
Cited by 82 | Viewed by 9836
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the largest organ in the human body, accounting for approximately 40% of body weight, plays important roles in exercise and energy expenditure. In the elderly, there is often a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, a condition known as [...] Read more.
Skeletal muscle, the largest organ in the human body, accounting for approximately 40% of body weight, plays important roles in exercise and energy expenditure. In the elderly, there is often a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, a condition known as sarcopenia, which can lead to bedridden conditions, wheelchair confinement as well as reducing the quality of life (QOL). In developed countries with aging populations, the prevention and management of sarcopenia are important for the improvement of health and life expectancy in these populations. Recently, vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has been attracting attention due to its importance in sarcopenia. This review will focus on the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on sarcopenia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Calcium, Vitamin D and Aging)
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