nutrients-logo

Journal Browser

Journal Browser

Analysis and Comparison of Complex National Dietary Surveys by Statistical and Machine Learning: Methods and Applications in Nutritional Epidemiology

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition Methodology & Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 13445

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
Interests: Chrononutritional epidemiology; dietary patterns; nutrition surveys; statistical methods; epidemiology of diabetes type II; obesity; food choice; genetic epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

National dietary surveys produced by many countries have an important role in monitoring the nutritional status of populations across the world. Methodological challenges are often faced in the design and analysis of such surveys and with regard to their comparability across countries/regions/populations. Challenges about the design particularly concern low-middle income countries where limited resources, facilities and infrastructures may make it difficult to collect enough information to monitor the nutritional status of their populations and inform public health policies accordingly. In most  countries, further challenges arise at the stage of data analyses, where the complex survey design is still often ignored while modern causal inference developments are not yet widely applied. Moreover, public health policies and/or comparison across countries or regions need to be based on synthesis of the data that might require dimension reduction of large datasets and dietary pattern exploration by statistical multivariate methods and machine learning techniques.  This special issue is meant to deal with all the above mentioned issues and welcomes papers particularly on:

-Methods to identify dietary behaviour/nutritional patterns by multivariate statistical methods and/or machine learning methods with public health applications, e.g.  to the comparisons of patterns across different countries/regions/populations or across time;

-Methods to predict or explain health outcomes based on dietary patterns derived from national nutrition survey data;

-Application of causal inference methodology to answer substantive nutrition questions from complex survey data from one or several countries/regions/populations.

Dr. Luigi Palla
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Complex survey design
  • Dietary patterns
  • Dietary indices
  • Chrononutrition
  • Cross-country diet comparison
  • Machine learning
  • Nutrition policies

Published Papers (4 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

15 pages, 1431 KiB  
Article
Application of a Latent Transition Model to Estimate the Usual Prevalence of Dietary Patterns
by Andreia Oliveira, Carla Lopes, Duarte Torres, Elisabete Ramos and Milton Severo
Nutrients 2021, 13(1), 133; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13010133 - 31 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2093
Abstract
Background: This study aims to derive habitual dietary patterns of the Portuguese adult population by applying two methodological approaches: a latent class model and a latent transition model. The novel application of the latent transition model allows us to determine the day-to-day variability [...] Read more.
Background: This study aims to derive habitual dietary patterns of the Portuguese adult population by applying two methodological approaches: a latent class model and a latent transition model. The novel application of the latent transition model allows us to determine the day-to-day variability of diet and to calculate the usual prevalence of dietary patterns. Methods: Participants are from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese population, 2015–2016 (2029 women; 1820 men, aged ≥18 years). Diet was collected by two 24 h dietary recalls (8–15 days apart). Dietary patterns were derived by: (1) a latent class model using the arithmetic mean of food weigh intake, with concomitant variables (age and sex); (2) a latent transition model allowing the transition from one pattern to another, with the same concomitant variables. Results: Six dietary patterns were identified by a latent class model. By using a latent transition model, three dietary patterns were identified: “In-transition to Western” (higher red meat and alcohol intake; followed by middle-aged men), “Western” (higher meats/eggs and energy-dense foods intake; followed by younger men), and “Traditional-Healthier” (higher intake of fruit, vegetables and fish, characteristic of older women). Most individuals followed the same pattern on both days, but around 26% transited between “In-transition to Western” and “Western”. The prevalence of the dietary patterns using a single recall day (40%, 27%, 33%, respectively) is different from the usual prevalence obtained by the latent transition probabilities (48%, 36%, 16%). Conclusion: Three dietary patterns, largely dependent on age and sex, were identified for the Portuguese adult population: “In-transition to Western” (48%), “Western” (36%), and “Traditional-Healthier” (16%), but 26% were transient between patterns. Dietary patterns are, in general, deviating from traditional habits. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
Examination of the Eating Behavior of the Hungarian Population Based on the TFEQ-R21 Model
by Zoltán Szakály, Bence Kovács, Márk Szakály, Dorka T. Nagy-Pető, Tímea Gál and Mihály Soós
Nutrients 2020, 12(11), 3514; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12113514 - 15 Nov 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2680
Abstract
Several theories have emerged to study types of eating behavior leading to obesity, but most of the applied models are mainly related to food choice decisions and food consumer behavior. The purpose of this paper was to examine the eating attitudes of Hungarian [...] Read more.
Several theories have emerged to study types of eating behavior leading to obesity, but most of the applied models are mainly related to food choice decisions and food consumer behavior. The purpose of this paper was to examine the eating attitudes of Hungarian consumers by applying the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21). The national representative questionnaire involved 1000 individuals in Hungary in 2019. Several multivariate statistical techniques were applied for the data analysis: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, multivariate data reduction techniques, and cluster analysis. This study successfully managed to distinguish the following factors: emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and cognitive restraint. By using the factors, five clusters were identified: Uncontrolled Emotional Eaters; Overweight, Uncontrolled Eaters; Controlled, Conscious Eaters; the Uninterested; and the Rejecters; all of these could be addressed by public health policy with individually tailored messages. The empirical results led to rejection of the original Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), while the TFEQ-R16 model could be validated on a representative sample of adults, for the first time in Hungary. Full article
23 pages, 1013 KiB  
Article
Cooking Frequency and Perception of Diet among US Adults Are Associated with US Healthy and Healthy Mediterranean-Style Dietary Related Classes: A Latent Class Profile Analysis
by Nicole Farmer, Lena J. Lee, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley and Gwenyth R. Wallen
Nutrients 2020, 12(11), 3268; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12113268 - 25 Oct 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3632
Abstract
Background: Meal habits are associated with overall dietary quality and favorable dietary patterns determined by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). However, within dietary patterns, complexities of food combinations that are not apparent through composite score determination may occur. Also, explorations of these food [...] Read more.
Background: Meal habits are associated with overall dietary quality and favorable dietary patterns determined by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). However, within dietary patterns, complexities of food combinations that are not apparent through composite score determination may occur. Also, explorations of these food combinations with cooking and perceived diet quality (PDQ) remain unknown. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010 were utilized to determine the frequency of cooking at home and PDQ, along with sociodemographic variables. Latent class profile analysis was performed to determine person-centered data-driven analysis using the dietary index, HEI-2010, at both the daily and dinner meal-time levels. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the association of dietary patterns with all covariates. Results: For daily HEI, five distinct dietary classes were identified. For dinner HEI, six classes were identified. In comparison to the standard American diet classes, home cooking was positively associated with daily (p < 0.05) and dinner (p < 0.001) dietary classes that had the highest amounts of total vegetable and greens/beans intake. PDQ was positively associated with these classes at the daily level (p < 0.001), but negatively associated with healthier classes at the dinner level (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of latent class profile analysis at the daily and dinner meal-time levels identified that food choices coalesce into diverse intakes, as shown by identified dietary classes. Home cooking frequency could be considered a positive factor associated with higher vegetable intake, particularly greens/beans, at the daily and dinner levels. At the same time, the perception of diet quality has a positive association only with daily choices. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1409 KiB  
Article
Where Do Adolescents Eat Less-Healthy Foods? Correspondence Analysis and Logistic Regression Results from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey
by Luigi Palla, Andrew Chapman, Eric Beh, Gerda Pot and Eva Almiron-Roig
Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2235; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12082235 - 27 Jul 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4426
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between the consumption of foods and eating locations (home, school/work and others) in British adolescents, using data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Program (2008–2012 and 2013–2016). A cross-sectional analysis of 62,523 food diary entries [...] Read more.
This study investigates the relationship between the consumption of foods and eating locations (home, school/work and others) in British adolescents, using data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Program (2008–2012 and 2013–2016). A cross-sectional analysis of 62,523 food diary entries from this nationally representative sample was carried out for foods contributing up to 80% total energy to the daily adolescent’s diet. Correspondence analysis (CA) was used to generate food–location relationship hypotheses followed by logistic regression (LR) to quantify the evidence in terms of odds ratios and formally test those hypotheses. The less-healthy foods that emerged from CA were chips, soft drinks, chocolate and meat pies. Adjusted odds ratios (99% CI) for consuming specific foods at a location “other” than home (H) or school/work (S) in the 2008–2012 survey sample were: for soft drinks, 2.8 (2.1 to 3.8) vs. H and 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) vs. S; for chips, 2.8 (2.2 to 3.7) vs. H and 3.4 (2.1 to 5.5) vs. S; for chocolates, 2.6 (1.9 to 3.5) vs. H and 1.9 (1.2 to 2.9) vs. S; and for meat pies, 2.7 (1.5 to 5.1) vs. H and 1.3 (0.5 to 3.1) vs. S. These trends were confirmed in the 2013–2016 survey sample. Interactions between location and BMI were not significant in either sample. In conclusion, public health policies to discourage less-healthy food choices in locations away from home and school/work are warranted for adolescents, irrespective of their BMI. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop