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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2021) | Viewed by 21308

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Prof. Dr. Marleen van Baak

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Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Interests: obesity; physiology; metabolism; nutrition; exercise
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Dear Colleagues,

Large differences in weight loss and weight loss maintenance in participants of dietary weight management programmes are found. Among the biological factors that may explain some of this variation are differences in glucose metabolism among participants. Individuals with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes appear to respond differently to the carbohydrate and fiber content of energy-restricted or ad libitum diets. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved, for instance the role of insulin resistance in different organs and the role of the gut microbiota, will help to develop better personalized approaches for weight management based on glucose metabolism.

This Special Issue entitled “Glucose Metabolism and Weight Management” welcomes the submission of original research manuscripts, reviews, clinical trials, intervention studies, or meta-analyses concerning the relationships between glucose metabolism and weight management.

Prof. Dr. Marleen van Baak
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Dietary carbohydrates
Dietary fiber
Insulin resistance
Gut microbiota
Appetite
Central nervous system

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Alleviation of Dyslipidemia via a Traditional Balanced Korean Diet Represented by a Low Glycemic and Low Cholesterol Diet in Obese Women in a Randomized Controlled Trial

by Min Jung Kim, Sunmin Park, Hye Jeong Yang, Phil-Kyung Shin, Haeng Jeon Hur, Seon-Joo Park, Kyun-Hee Lee, Moonju Hong, Jin Hee Kim, Sang-Woon Choi, Hae-Jeung Lee and Myung-Sunny Kim

Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 235; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14020235 - 06 Jan 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2703

Abstract

A traditional balanced Korean diet (K-diet) may improve energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism. To evaluate this, we conducted a randomized crossover clinical trial, involving participants aged 30–40 years, who were randomly assigned to two groups—a K-diet or westernized Korean control diet daily, with an estimated energy requirement (EER) of 1900 kcal. After a 4-week washout period, they switched the diet and followed it for 4 weeks. The carbohydrate, protein, and fat ratios based on energy intake were close to the target values for the K-diet (65:15:20) and control diet (60:15:25). The glycemic index of the control diet and the K-diet was 50.3 ± 3.6 and 68.1 ± 2.9, respectively, and daily cholesterol contents in the control diet and K-diet were 280 and 150 mg, respectively. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters involved in energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism were measured while plasma metabolites were determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS before and after the 4-week intervention. After the four-week intervention, both diets improved anthropometric and biochemical variables, but the K-diet significantly reduced them compared to the control diet. Serum total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the K-diet group than in the control diet group. The waist circumference (p = 0.108) and insulin resistance index (QUICKI, p = 0.089) tended to be lower in the K-diet group than in the control diet group. Plasma metabolites indicated that participants in the K-diet group tended to reduce insulin resistance compared to those in the control diet group. Amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids, tyrosine, tryptophan, and glutamate, and L-homocysteine concentrations were considerably lower in the K-diet group than in the control diet group (p < 0.05). Plasma glutathione concentrations, an index of antioxidant status, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations, were higher in the K-diet group than in the control diet group. In conclusion, a K-diet with adequate calories to meet EER alleviated dyslipidemia by decreasing insulin resistance-related amino acids and increasing ketones in the circulation of obese women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glucose Metabolism and Weight Management)

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11 pages, 2482 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diet Composition, Glucose Homeostasis, and Weight Regain in the YoYo Study

by Marleen A. van Baak, Nadia J. T. Roumans and Edwin C. M. Mariman

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2257; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13072257 - 30 Jun 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 10567

Abstract

Based on several randomized clinical trials, it has been suggested that baseline glucose homeostasis interacts with the influence of diet composition on weight loss and weight loss maintenance. In this secondary analysis of the YoYo study, a study investigating predictors of weight loss maintenance, we tested the hypothesis that (self-selected) dietary carbohydrate and/or fibre intake interact with the glucose homeostasis parameters for weight loss maintenance. Sixty-one overweight or obese individuals lost around 10 kg of body weight on an energy-restricted diet and were then followed for 9 months. During this period, participants were advised to maintain their body weight and eat a healthy diet without further recommendations on calorie intake or diet composition. Contrary to our hypothesis, carbohydrate intake showed no positive association with weight regain after weight loss, and no interaction with baseline fasting glucose concentration was found. There was a non-significant negative association between fibre intake and weight regain (B = −0.274, standard error (SE) 0.158, p = 0.090), but again, no interaction with fasting plasma glucose was found. In conclusion, the data from the YoYo study do not support a role for baseline glucose homeostasis in determining the association between self-reported carbohydrate and/or fibre intake and weight regain after weight loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glucose Metabolism and Weight Management)

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16 pages, 1717 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of a Lifestyle Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology and Remission: The Stevenshof Pilot Study

by Iris M. de Hoogh, Johanneke E. Oosterman, Wilma Otten, Anne-Margreeth Krijger, Susanne Berbée-Zadelaar, Wilrike J. Pasman, Ben van Ommen, Hanno Pijl and Suzan Wopereis

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2193; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13072193 - 25 Jun 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4196

Abstract

Although lifestyle interventions can lead to diabetes remission, it is unclear to what extent type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission alters or improves the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we assess the effects of a lifestyle intervention on T2D reversal or remission and the effects on the underlying pathology. In a Dutch primary care setting, 15 adults with an average T2D duration of 13.4 years who were (pharmacologically) treated for T2D received a diabetes subtyping (“diabetyping”) lifestyle intervention (DLI) for six months, aiming for T2D remission. T2D subtype was determined based on an OGTT. Insulin and sulphonylurea (SU) derivative treatment could be terminated for all participants. Body weight, waist/hip ratio, triglyceride levels, HbA1c, fasting, and 2h glucose were significantly improved after three and six months of intervention. Remission and reversal were achieved in two and three participants, respectively. Indices of insulin resistance and beta cell capacity improved, but never reached healthy values, resulting in unchanged T2D subtypes. Our study implies that achieving diabetes remission in individuals with a longer T2D duration is possible, but underlying pathology is only minimally affected, possibly due to an impaired beta cell function. Thus, even when T2D remission is achieved, patients need to continue adhering to lifestyle therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glucose Metabolism and Weight Management)

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12 pages, 1352 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sexual Dimorphism in Body Weight Loss, Improvements in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Maintenance of Beneficial Effects 6 Months after a Low-Calorie Diet: Results from the Randomized Controlled DiOGenes Trial

by Inez Trouwborst, Gijs H. Goossens, Arne Astrup, Wim H. M. Saris and Ellen E. Blaak

Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1588; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13051588 - 10 May 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2932

Abstract

A low-calorie diet (LCD) is an effective strategy to lose weight and improve cardiometabolic risk factors, however, sexual dimorphism may be present. This study aims to investigate sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic risk factors following weight loss and after weight maintenance. 782 overweight/obese participants (65% women) of the DiOGenes trial followed an 8-week LCD (~800 kcal/day), with a 6-months follow-up weight maintenance period on ad libitum diets varying in protein content and glycemic index. Men lost more body weight during the LCD period (−12.8 ± 3.9 vs. −10.1 ± 2.8 kg, respectively, p < 0.001), but regained more weight during the follow-up period than women (1.5 ± 5.4 vs. −0.5 ± 5.5 kg, respectively, p < 0.001). Even though beneficial LCD-induced changes in cardiometabolic risk factors were found for both sexes, improvements in HOMA-IR, muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity, triacylglycerol, HDL−, LDL− and total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol esters, sphingomyelins and adiponectin were more pronounced in men than women (std. ß range: 0.073–0.144, all q < 0.05), after adjustment for weight change. During follow-up, women demonstrated a lower rebound in HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol (std. ß range: 0.114–0.164, all q < 0.05), independent of changes in body weight. Overall, we demonstrated sexual dimorphism in LCD-induced changes in body weight and cardiometabolic risk profile, which may be attributed to differences in body fat distribution and metabolic status. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glucose Metabolism and Weight Management)

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