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10 pages, 938 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Foods, Nutrients, and Risk of In-Hospital Frailty in Women: Findings from a Large Prospective Cohort Study

by Huifeng Zhang, Weimin Li, Youfa Wang, Yuanyuan Dong, Darren C. Greenwood, Laura J. Hardie and Janet E. Cade

Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4619; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15214619 - 31 Oct 2023

Viewed by 907

Abstract

Frailty is increasingly prevalent worldwide because of aging populations. Diet may play a role as a modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to investigate associations between dietary factors and risk of frailty in the UK Women’s Cohort admitted to hospitals in England. Consumption [...] Read more.

Frailty is increasingly prevalent worldwide because of aging populations. Diet may play a role as a modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to investigate associations between dietary factors and risk of frailty in the UK Women’s Cohort admitted to hospitals in England. Consumption of foods and nutrients was estimated using a validated 217-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Incident frailty was assessed via a hospital frailty risk score based on linkage with hospital episode statistics. Out of 25,186 participants admitted to hospitals, 6919 (27%) were identified with frailty and 10,562 (42%) with pre-frailty over a mean follow-up of 12.7 years. After adjustment for confounding, we observed a 12% increase in risk of frailty with each additional 10 g/MJ intake of total meat (HR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.17), with the highest risk observed for processed meats (HR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.73). Similar associations were observed with pre-frailty. Vegetable intake was associated with slightly lower risk of frailty (HR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97, 1.00). There was no evidence of association between most nutrient intakes and in-hospital frailty risk. Overall, our findings suggest that reducing consumption of meat, especially processed meat, in adults may be beneficial regarding the development of frailty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Lifestyle in Aging and Age-Related Diseases)

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15 pages, 6362 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship of the Behavior of Older Participants with Body Composition Change: Results of the Second Wave of the Cognition of Older People, Education, Recreational Activities, Nutrition, Comorbidities, and Functional Capacity Studies (COPERNICUS)

by Agnieszka Kujawska, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Flaka Hoti, Sławomir Kujawski, Paweł Zalewski and Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska

Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 1834; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15081834 - 11 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1277

Abstract

Background: To examine the relationship between the frequency of physical activities and food product consumption with body composition change after two years in a sample of older people. Methods: Body composition, mass change, frequency of physical activity, and food products consumption were measured. [...] Read more.

Background: To examine the relationship between the frequency of physical activities and food product consumption with body composition change after two years in a sample of older people. Methods: Body composition, mass change, frequency of physical activity, and food products consumption were measured. Depression severity, health self-assessment, cognitive function, and demographic data were included as confounders. Results: There were no significant changes in body composition except for a reduction in visceral fat level within two years (p < 0.05). Drinking beer and eating sweets a few times per week were associated with a significant increase in body fat percentage (p < 0.05). Drinking green or white tea more frequently than a few times per year was related to an increase in body fat (3.18 to 3.88%, p < 0.05). Contrarily, daily consumption of coffee was related to a decrease in body fat (p = 0.029). Subjects who ate sweets once a week or more frequently consumed coffee more often. Conclusions: More frequent drinking of beer or of green or white tea and consumption of sweets were related to an increase in body fat percentage, while daily coffee consumption was related to a decrease in body fat percentage after two years in older, healthy subjects. Noteworthily, the frequencies of food product consumption are interrelated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Lifestyle in Aging and Age-Related Diseases)

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16 pages, 1707 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lifestyle Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD-Life): Study Design

by Alexandra P. M. de Koning-Backus, Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong, Jeroen G. J. van Rooij, AMD-Life Team, André G. Uitterlinden, Trudy G. Voortman, Magda A. Meester-Smoor and Caroline C. W. Klaver

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 602; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15030602 - 24 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3672

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has a strong genetic basis, but environmental factors such as smoking and a healthy diet can decrease the genetic fate by up to 50%. Current guidelines for clinical management include recommendations for a healthy lifestyle and antioxidant supplementation. However, [...] Read more.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has a strong genetic basis, but environmental factors such as smoking and a healthy diet can decrease the genetic fate by up to 50%. Current guidelines for clinical management include recommendations for a healthy lifestyle and antioxidant supplementation. However, many ophthalmologists do not inform their patients of this AMD-beneficial lifestyle. An important reason is the lack of trust that transition of lifestyle will be feasible in persons of advanced age and lack of methodology to measure lifestyle or its biological effects. To address these issues, we set up the lifestyle intervention study AMD-Life. It aims to investigate whether personalized risk-profiling (including genetic testing) and/or additional coaching can motivate patients to change their lifestyle. It also explores which biomarkers best reflect lifestyle change beneficial for AMD. The first year is a three-arm, self-contained open-label randomized clinical trial. A total of 150 AMD patients aged 55–85 years were randomized into three arms: (A) merely standard recommendations; (B) A conditions plus personalized risk profiling based on genetics and lifestyle, (C) B conditions plus coaching. The second year tests sustainability of lifestyle changes without active intervention. AMD-Life can provide further insight into the relevance of these interventions for the clinical management of AMD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Lifestyle in Aging and Age-Related Diseases)

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12 pages, 922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Health-Promoting Behaviors among Older Adults with Noncommunicable Diseases in Rural and Urban Areas during the New Normal Post-COVID-19 Era: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

by Wanich Suksatan, Supat Teravecharoenchai and Jintana Sarayuthpitak

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 101; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15010101 - 25 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2521

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and test a causal relationship among perceived self-efficacy (PSE), health literacy (HL), access to COVID-19 preventive material (ACPM), social networks (SN), and health-promoting behaviors (HPBs). Multistage stratified random sampling was used to recruit 250 older adults with noncommunicable [...] Read more.

This study aimed to develop and test a causal relationship among perceived self-efficacy (PSE), health literacy (HL), access to COVID-19 preventive material (ACPM), social networks (SN), and health-promoting behaviors (HPBs). Multistage stratified random sampling was used to recruit 250 older adults with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) from Thai urban and rural communities. The data were collected with self-reported questionnaires. Data analyses used descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The results indicated that participants in urban communities had higher PSE, ACPM, HL, SN, and HPBs than rural participants. The fitness parameters of the modified model (χ² = 71.936, df = 58, p-value = 0.103, χ²/df = 1.240; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.031; standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.042; goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.964; normed-fit index (NFI) = 0.964; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.993) indicated its suitability as the research model. HPBs were directly positively influenced by PSE (β = 0.40, p < 0.001), ACPM (β = 0.24, p < 0.001), HL (β = 0.19, p < 0.01), and SN (β = 0.01, p < 0.05). Therefore, taking all predicting variables together could explain 81.0% of the variance in HPBs. Multidisciplinary healthcare teams could use these findings to establish proper interventions or healthcare activities to increase HPBs among older adults, particularly in this era of the “new normal”. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Lifestyle in Aging and Age-Related Diseases)

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14 pages, 1669 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutrition Behavior and Physical Activity of Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Saudi Arabia

by Rouba Khalil Naaman

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 3994; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14193994 - 26 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1668

Abstract

As people get older, their nutritional status deteriorates, resulting in increased vulnerability to chronic diseases. The adoption of a healthy lifestyle has been linked to improved health throughout the aging process. The current study aimed to assess nutritional behaviors, dietary patterns, and physical [...] Read more.

As people get older, their nutritional status deteriorates, resulting in increased vulnerability to chronic diseases. The adoption of a healthy lifestyle has been linked to improved health throughout the aging process. The current study aimed to assess nutritional behaviors, dietary patterns, and physical activity among middle-aged and older adults in Saudi Arabia. An electronic questionnaire was completed between September and November 2021 by 419 participants aged 45 years and older. Of those, 65% reported that nutrition was important to them and 19% stated that they were consuming a healthy diet. Participants reported consuming an average of around 6 servings/week each of fruit and vegetables, with mean intake scores of 5.92 ± 0.25 and 5.57 ± 0.22, respectively. It was reported that around 3 servings/week of red meat, 4 servings/week of poultry, and 1 serving/week of fish were consumed, with mean intake scores of 2.65 ± 0.13, 4.34 ± 0.16, and 1.36 ± 0.08, respectively. Most of the participants (60%) reported being inactive. Middle-aged and older adults living in Saudi Arabia have poor dietary patterns and nutritional behaviors. Education and guidance on nutrition are needed for this population to help them improve their diet and lifestyle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Lifestyle in Aging and Age-Related Diseases)

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9 pages, 441 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Combined Effects of Dietary Diversity and Frailty on Mortality in Older Taiwanese People

by Wei-Ching Huang, Yi-Chen Huang, Meei-Shyuan Lee, Jia-Yau Doong, Wen-Harn Pan and Hsing-Yi Chang

Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3825; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14183825 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1467

Abstract

Objective: To assess the prospective association between frailty and dietary diversity on mortality. Method: This prospective cohort study used the 2005–2008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (N = 330; age ≥ 65 years) and this was linked to the Death Registry where [...] Read more.

Objective: To assess the prospective association between frailty and dietary diversity on mortality. Method: This prospective cohort study used the 2005–2008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (N = 330; age ≥ 65 years) and this was linked to the Death Registry where we used the data that was recorded up to 31 January 2020. Dietary intake information was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall and food-frequency questionnaire, which were calculated a dietary diversity score (DDS; range, 0–6) and food consumption frequency. Assessment of frailty phenotypes was based on FRAIL scale which was proposed by the International Academy on Nutrition and Aging. Results: Frail older adults had a higher risk of all-cause mortality when they were compared to those with robust physiologies (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13–6.52). Frailty and a lower DDS were associated with a higher risk of mortality (joint adjusted HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.11–4.75) which, compared with a robust physiology and higher DDS, were associated with a lower risk of mortality. Conclusions: Frailty and a lower DDS were associated with a higher mortality. Prefrailty and frailty with a higher DDS were associated with a lower risk of mortality when compared with those with prefrailty and frailty and a lower DDS. These results suggest that eating a wide variety of foods might reduce the risk of mortality in older adults with prefrailty and frailty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Lifestyle in Aging and Age-Related Diseases)

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9 pages, 701 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Randomised Clinical Trial to Analyse the Efficacy of Eggshell Membrane to Improve Joint Functionality in Knee Osteoarthritis

by Fernando Cánovas, María Salud Abellán-Ruíz, Ana María García-Muñoz, Antonio Jesús Luque-Rubia, Desirée Victoria-Montesinos, Silvia Pérez-Piñero, Maravilla Sánchez-Macarro and Francisco Javier López-Román

Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2340; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14112340 - 03 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6453

Abstract

Osteoarthritis is a source of chronic pain and disability. Dietary supplements have been shown to be a more secure option than NSAIDS. Particularly, the eggshell membrane has demonstrated efficacy in relieving joint pain and stiffness. A clinical trial was designed in which three [...] Read more.

Osteoarthritis is a source of chronic pain and disability. Dietary supplements have been shown to be a more secure option than NSAIDS. Particularly, the eggshell membrane has demonstrated efficacy in relieving joint pain and stiffness. A clinical trial was designed in which three groups were assigned to two different doses of this supplement and compared to a placebo control group. The primary outcome variable was knee pain, which was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Secondary outcome variables were knee functional ability, quadriceps muscle strength (assessed by isometric and isokinetic trials), and quality of sleep. All groups showed a significant decrease in pain perception, although maximum values were obtained in the high-dose group. Isokinetic and isometric trials showed a significant increase in strength in the high-dose group. Eggshell membrane showed the potential to reduce pain and stiffness symptomatology. Here, for the first time, two quantitative variables (mobility and strength of knee joint) were used to accurately evaluate changes in the quality of life of subjects affected by knee joint pain. The results of this study indicate a dose-dependent response, which should be taken into account for later use in therapeutics to establish the correct dosage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Lifestyle in Aging and Age-Related Diseases)

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14 pages, 501 KiB

Open AccessReview

Resveratrol, a Multitasking Molecule That Improves Skeletal Muscle Health

by Luana Toniolo, Monica Concato and Emiliana Giacomello

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3413; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15153413 - 31 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1403

Abstract

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol utilized in Chinese traditional medicine and thought to be one of the determinants of the “French Paradox”. More recently, some groups evidenced its properties as a calorie-restriction mimetic, suggesting that its action passes through the modulation of skeletal [...] Read more.

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol utilized in Chinese traditional medicine and thought to be one of the determinants of the “French Paradox”. More recently, some groups evidenced its properties as a calorie-restriction mimetic, suggesting that its action passes through the modulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Accordingly, the number of studies reporting the beneficial effects of resveratrol on skeletal muscle form and function, in both experimental models and humans, is steadily increasing. Although studies on animal models confer to resveratrol a good potential to ameliorate skeletal muscle structure, function and performance, clinical trials still do not provide clear-cut information. Here, we first summarize the effects of resveratrol on the distinct components of the skeletal muscle, such as myofibers, the neuromuscular junction, tendons, connective sheaths and the capillary bed. Second, we review clinical trials focused on the analysis of skeletal muscle parameters. We suggest that the heterogeneity in the response to resveratrol in humans could depend on sample characteristics, treatment modalities and parameters analyzed; as well, this heterogeneity could possibly reside in the complexity of skeletal muscle physiology. A systematic programming of treatment protocols and analyses could be helpful to obtain consistent results in clinical trials involving resveratrol administration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Nutrition and Lifestyle in Aging and Age-Related Diseases)

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