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Nutrition Status and Body Composition in Hospitalized and Institutionalized Elderly Patients

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 17362

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Prof. Dr. Mariangela Rondanelli

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Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: metabolic disorders; gerontology; clinical nutrition
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Dear Colleagues,

There is a high number of older adults with a risk of malnutrition at the time of hospitalization (for any reason) and in the institutionalized geriatric population. The literature has demonstrated that in more than 10,000 elderly persons, the mean prevalence of malnutrition is 1% in community-healthy elderly persons, 4% in outpatients receiving home care, 5% in patients with Alzheimer's disease living at home, 20% in hospitalized patients, and 37% in institutionalized elderly persons. Among others, the related factors are weight loss, in particular fat-free mass loss, inherent to age, which favors frailty and sarcopenia, low body mass index (BMI), and the worsening of chronic diseases, which entails a deterioration in the quality of life. These data indicate that in elderly subjects, it is mandatory to evaluate the nutrition status and body composition at the time when the subject enters the hospital or in a nursing home in order to improve the state of nutrition with an adequate diet, together with food that is fit for the purpose and oral supplements. Monitoring the nutritional status of hospitalized or institutionalized elderly subjects is also mandatory.

In this Special Issue of Nutrients, we would like to bring together papers dealing with the topic of “Nutrition Status and Body Composition in Hospitalized and Institutionalized Elderly Patients”.

We welcome different types of manuscript submissions, including original research articles and up-to-date reviews (narrative or systematic reviews and meta-analyses) and commentaries.

Potential topics may include but are not limited to the prevalence and causes of malnutrition and related diseases (subclinical nutrient deficiency, sarcopenia) in hospitalized or institutionalized elderly, correlation with age-related diseases (in particular, chronic neurological disease), and nutritional interventions aimed at improving nutrition.

We are looking forward to receiving your contribution.

Prof. Dr. Mariangela Rondanelli
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Nutrition status
Body composition
Elderly
Dxa
Malnutrition
Fat-free mass
Nursing home

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence of Malnutrition and Depression in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes in Mexico City

by María Consuelo Velázquez-Alva, María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho, María Fernanda Cabrer-Rosales, Irina Lazarevich, Isabel Arrieta-Cruz, Roger Gutiérrez-Juárez and Marco Antonio Zepeda-Zepeda

Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2429; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12082429 - 13 Aug 2020

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5287

Abstract

This study evaluated the association between nutritional status, depressive symptoms, and the number of prescription drugs taken by older adults living in nursing homes in Mexico City. In a cross-sectional study, 262 participants were subjected to anthropometric and nutritional (Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)) evaluations; additionally, their depression (Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)) and functional status were assessed. Multiple logistic regression was used for identifying factors associated with the risk of malnutrition/malnourishment. The mean age of participants was 83.1 ± 8.6 years. A total of 59.9% and 21.1% were at risk of malnutrition and malnourished, respectively. With respect to depression, 27.9% of the participants had mild depression, while 11.4% showed severe depression. An inverse correlation between MNA evaluations and depression scores was found (Spearman’s ρ = −0.4624, p < 0.001); residents with a better nutritional status had lower depression scores. Individuals with depressive symptoms were approximately five times more likely to be at risk of malnutrition or malnourished (OR = 5.82, 95% CI = 2.27–14.89) than individuals without depression. Residents taking three or more prescription drugs daily (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.27–2.63, p < 0.001) were more likely to be at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. In summary, poor nutritional status was associated with depression, while the intake of numerous prescription drugs was associated with being at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Status and Body Composition in Hospitalized and Institutionalized Elderly Patients)

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15 pages, 818 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional Status Plays More Important Role in Determining Functional State in Older People Living in the Community than in Nursing Home Residents

by Małgorzata Pigłowska, Agnieszka Guligowska and Tomasz Kostka

Nutrients 2020, 12(7), 2042; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12072042 - 09 Jul 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3165

Abstract

The aim of this study was to verify whether the relationship between nutritional and functional status differs between seniors in the community and those in long-term care institutions. One hundred nursing home (NH) residents aged 60 years and above and 100 sex- and age-matched community-dwelling (CD) older adults were examined. Functional status was assessed using the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) and nutritional status using anthropometric measures, the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) and bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Significant environmental interactions were observed with resting metabolic rate (RMR), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) ratio, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), skeletal muscle index (SMI) and impedance (Z) and resistance (R) to the results of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The two groups demonstrated different relationships between Z and R and handgrip strength and between Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score and fat free mass (FFM), body density, total body water (TBW) and phase angle (PhA). Nutritional status seems to be more important for functional state in CD older people than in NH residents. Therefore, to ensure the functional independence of seniors living in the community, it is crucial to maintain the correct nutritional parameters. Further studies are necessary to account for the fact that this relationship is less significant among NH residents and to identify other factors that may contribute to these discrepancies between community and institutional environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Status and Body Composition in Hospitalized and Institutionalized Elderly Patients)

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20 pages, 4049 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison between Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index DXA Defined by EWGSOP1 and 2 versus BIA Tengvall Criteria among Older People Admitted to the Post-Acute Geriatric Care Unit in Italy

by Sawsan Hilal, Simone Perna, Clara Gasparri, Tariq A. Alalwan, Viviana Vecchio, Federica Fossari, Gabriella Peroni, Antonella Riva, Giovanna Petrangolini and Mariangela Rondanelli

Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1818; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12061818 - 18 Jun 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2682

Abstract

This study aims to assess the agreement between the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a single frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess criteria. Moreover, we used the European working group on sarcopenia in older people 1 (EWGSOP1), EWGSOP2, and the Tengvall equation to estimate a low prevalence in ASMI (under the cutoff criteria). We examined a sample of 765 elderly individuals (27.8% male and 72.2% female, aged 82 ± 8.2 years). Based on the cutoff identified by Tengvall, EWGSOP1, and EWGSOP2, the results showed that the prevalence of low ASMI in females was 10.1%, 11.4%, and 9.2%, respectively, and 98.1%, 30.5%, and 23.5% in males, respectively. Moreover, low ASMI prevalence under each diagnostic criterion and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. For BMI < 25 kg/m², the ASMI prevalence was 39.9%, 25.9%, and 20.6%, as determined using Tengvall, EWGSOP1, and EWGSOP2, respectively, and for BMI > 25 kg/m², the ASMI prevalence was 29.0%, 6.6%, and 5.2%. The percentage of agreement and Cohen’s Kappa with the corresponding p-value between Tengvall and EWGSOP1 was 70.1% (p < 0.001). Between Tengvall and EWGSOP2, it was 69.4% (p < 0.001). Between EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2, it was 96.5% (p < 0.001). Regarding gender, low ASMI prevalence in males was higher than in females. Moreover, in females, the prevalence was comparable among the three diagnostic criteria, while in males, it was significantly higher under Tengvall than the other two criteria. The application of the Tengvall formula with a single frequency BIA should be revised in terms of application for assessing low ASMI in elderly patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Status and Body Composition in Hospitalized and Institutionalized Elderly Patients)

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Review

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19 pages, 526 KiB

Open AccessReview

Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption

by Mariangela Rondanelli, Chiara Rigon, Simone Perna, Clara Gasparri, Giancarlo Iannello, Rashida Akber, Tariq A. Alalwan and Afnan Mahmood Freije

Nutrients 2020, 12(2), 307; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12020307 - 24 Jan 2020

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 5728

Abstract

Sarcopenia is defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength and it is diagnosed by measurements of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Sarcopenia affects quality of life and is associated with several adverse health effects. Muscle decline is aggravated by a sedentary lifestyle and can be prevented through proper nutrition, together with adequate physical activity. Fish contains biologically active compounds, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, vitamin D, magnesium, and carnitine, which are able to intervene positively on muscle metabolism. This narrative literature review was performed to evaluate evidence regarding the actual benefit of fish consumption in the prevention of sarcopenia and the positive action on the muscle mass of the biological compounds present in fish. The results demonstrated that fish consumption has a protective and anti-inflammatory function on skeletal muscle and that its biologically active compounds help to maintain good muscle performance, preventing sarcopenia. Considering the nutritional and health benefits, elderly with sarcopenia should consume at least three servings per week of fish in order to have a minimum intake of 4–4.59 g daily of omega 3, and reaching the 50% RDA in Vitamin E and D. High biological value of proteins in 150 g of fish and its high available magnesium (20% of RDA in 150 g of fish) are an added value that could suggest fish as a “functional food” in order to prevent and treat sarcopenia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Status and Body Composition in Hospitalized and Institutionalized Elderly Patients)

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